International Business & Economics Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Proactivity In Manufacturing Industries: Is It Valuable?","authors":"C. López, M. V. S. Oña, Ángel Peiró Signes, B. S. G. D. Río","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I5.6974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I5.6974","url":null,"abstract":"The authors would like to thank the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry for its support through \u0000the research project (EC02011-27369), and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for its research funding to the \u0000project (PAID-06-2011-1879). Also the Master GEPS for its valuable support and the Microcluster “Globalization, \u0000tertiarisation, tourism and heritage: towards a sustainable management of the past and future\".","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128249430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Firms Listing In The U.S.: Signaling Commitment To The U.S. Market","authors":"Timothy A. Kruse, M. A. Webb, S. Webb","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V10I12.6654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V10I12.6654","url":null,"abstract":"We hypothesize that the cost associated with the listing decision – including the greater scrutiny of U.S. investors – signals the depth of the firm’s commitment to the U.S. market to potential business partners and employees, providing a form of bonding that is directed within the U.S. Firms can credibly signal their commitment to the U.S. market by listing on more prestigious exchanges that bring greater investor scrutiny and, especially, by listing directly rather than using ADRs. We find strong evidence that firms with greater sales in the U.S. and those with a greater proportion of their sales to the U.S. are more likely to list directly in the U.S; firms with greater assets in the U.S. are more likely to list directly. With the greater scrutiny for companies that list on the NYSE, we expect the hypotheses to hold for the decision to list there versus elsewhere. With the exception of sales level in the U.S., we find evidence for the relationships described above hold for the decisions to list on the NYSE.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128920015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Reputation and Social Responsibility : an Analysis of Large Companies in Croatia","authors":"Neda Vitezić","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V10I8.5380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V10I8.5380","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate reputation and social responsibility (CSR) in selected large Croatian companies. The research is based on the theoretical framework that supports a thesis of their positive relationship. CSR is measured through economic, environmental and social aspects and primarily is based on testing the relationship between CSR and financial performance to determine whether the relationship is positive, neutral or negative. Many researchers have concluded that it is generally positive depending on which measures of financial performance are used. At the same time corporate reputation is considered as a key mediator in the relationship between a firm's CSR and financial performance. In this concept of CSR, reputation is a «global perception» of a group of stakeholders, its «assessment of the credibility of the organization's projection». Company reputations may vary from one stakeholder to another depending of their expectations which are dynamic and likely to change over time. It is within this context of company relationships with its stakeholders that determines the level of reputation a company will develop over time. Thus corporate reputation will be directly and significantly related to CSR. Based on this hypothesis, they are a few objectives of this research. The first, to analyze the significance of the proposed corporate attributes according to company and customer perspective. For that purpose, seven practical and theoretical background attributes are selected and ranked: quality of products and services, corporate vision and strategy, quality of management leadership, labor force, financial performance, social and environmental responsibility, and corporate governance. Second, to propose indicators for each reputation attributes and rank them according to their significance, collected by surveying large companies’ executives, and third, to analyze the correlation between socially responsible companies and their reputation. The research results show that one of the corporate attributes, CSR is ranked very low from the point of view of company executives and employees, but very high from the perspective of consumers. Among the indicators which represent socially responsible performance, financial performance is ranked first, followed by ecological and social performance. A positive relationship between financial performance and corporate reputation has been statistically confirmed, i.e. socially responsible Croatian large companies have better financial results measured by ROA, ROE, margin profit and EPS.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124620890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Ethics Education Necessary? A Comparative Study Of Moral Cognizance In Taiwan And The United States","authors":"Chiulien C. Venezia, G. Venezia, F. Cavico, B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V10I3.4097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V10I3.4097","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical development, cognizance, and maturity, as well as ethical behavior, are a primary concern of all managers, government officials, and educators. These moral values are even more important in Asian economies where some aspects of the economy seem to go underground without any due taxation afforded to the government or proper credit accorded to the property owners or copyright or other intellectual property holders. This article examines morality and ethics from a cross-cultural perspective. The article examines works using Kohlbergs Cognitive Moral Development theory and the Defining Issues Test (DIT), in order to ascertain the moral cognizance of workers and students, with particular attention to the variables of age, education, ethics education, and gender. United States samples are compared with studies of Taiwanese managers and Taiwanese students. The purpose was to see if there is relationship between any of these variables and moral maturity and cognizance, as well as whether any of these relationships were culturally influenced.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123879152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Method Effects in Budget-Related Behavior Research","authors":"Alfred E. Seaman, J. Williams","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V1I12.4007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V1I12.4007","url":null,"abstract":"Research has revealed numerous budget-related behavior (BRB) dimensions that describe managers’ actions and interactions with their budgetary control systems. This research has been conducted using a survey questionnaire methodology. However, those responding to the questionnaires may do so on a basis other than the specific item content. This paper uses a structural equation approach to investigate systematic response bias in BRB survey type research. Data from Singaporean companies is used to test for the presence of response bias and results confirm this expectation. The implication is that future studies in this context should investigate the structure and potential impact of response bias.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123798919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Values, Congruence, And Innovation Capability","authors":"R. Preziosi, D. Gooden","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V1I8.3964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V1I8.3964","url":null,"abstract":"Some organizations are highly innovative and successful, while others are less innovative and successful. What are the conditions that are associated with innovativeness? This paper assesses values congruence as one variable which may be present in organizations whose professionals and managers report significant organizational innovativeness. The Innovation Capability Audit and the Values Analysis Worksheet were administered to a group of research participants to determine the relationship between innovation and values congruence. A correlation of .711 was found. This indicates a significant inverse relationship between the two variables being measured, innovation, and values congruence.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114449981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Benfords Law To Detect Fraud In The Insurance Industry","authors":"M. Maher, Michael D. Akers","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V1I7.3951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V1I7.3951","url":null,"abstract":"Benford's Law is the mathematical phenomena that states that the first digits or left most digits in a list of numbers will occur with an expected logarithmic frequency. While this method has been used in industries such as oil and gas and manufacturing to identify fraudulent activity, it has not been applied to the health insurance industry. Since health insurance companies process a large number of claims each year and these claims are susceptible to fraud, the use of this method in this industry is appropriate. This paper examines the application of Benford's Law to four health insurance companies located in the Midwest. For each company, analysis was performed on the first digit distribution, the first two-digit distribution, and providers with high volumes of claims. The results show that the populations are similar to the frequencies predicted by Benfords Law. The findings also suggested possible fraudulent activity by specific providers, however, the com-panies determined that these results occurred due to abnormal billing practices and were not frau-dulent. The insurance companies that participated in this study will continue to use this method to further detect fraudulent claims.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115190216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal portfolio allocations for global bank stocks in local surrencies and US dollars 1992 - 2001","authors":"R. Weston, Guy B. Ford","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V2I11.3859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V2I11.3859","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the optimal composition of global portfolios of bank stocks, expressed in both local currencies and in US dollar terms, over the period January 1992 to June 2001. We estimate optimal global bank stock portfolios using two covariance optimisation algorithms – the Markowitz expected return/variance algorithm (MPT), and the Elton, Gruber and Padberg average correlation algorithm (EGP) – and compare the composition and performance of these portfolios with a portfolio comprising equally-weighted bank stocks. Our study also includes measures of skewness and kurtosis, and risk adjusted return measures based on variance, semivariance and portfolio betas. The purpose of our study is twofold. First, we wish to examine whether the covariance optimisation approaches produce significantly different portfolio allocations over the period of the study. Second, we wish to determine if the two significant events for the global banking sector in this period– the implementation of global risk-based capital adequacy standards in 1992 and the Asian banking crisis of 1997 – may have had any influence on the optimal allocation of global bank stocks in an investment portfolio. To achieve this we construct the optimal bank portfolios, using both optimisation algorithms, for the period 19921996 and 1997-2001. We include bank stock returns for 26 countries in the study. We find that the MPT and EGP optimisation algorithms do produce different portfolio allocations during both periods of the study. If return is measured against variance, the MPT algorithm produces the best performing portfolio. However if return is measured against semi-variance, the results are mixed. We also find that bank portfolios performed better on a risk-adjusted basis in the period leading up to the Asian crisis of 1997. Our most interesting finding is that if the highest risk bank stocks are removed from the portfolio, the terminal wealth of the portfolio falls by around half in each period. This suggests that higher-risk bank stocks are needed to achieve sufficient diversification to ‘protect’ the return for a global portfolio of bank stocks.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129909542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making graphic management models smarter","authors":"Harald Bergsteiner, G. Avery","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V2I12.3868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V2I12.3868","url":null,"abstract":"In management, graphic models are an undervalued and poorly used form of theory-building and communication that should be treated with the same rigor that is commonly demanded of text. Graphic models are highly effective for depicting and explaining organizational complexity when designed appropriately. Using two mutual influence models in accountability as an example, we point out common flaws in modelling, and suggest guidelines on how to make graphic models smarter.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122156958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globalization Vs. Territorial Markets: Selling Typical Products On The Internet","authors":"Daniela Andreini","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V1I1.3886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V1I1.3886","url":null,"abstract":"Technology, and most of all Internet, is considered the most important tool for the ongoing economic globalization process, allowing the commercialization of standardized products on a large international scale (Levitt, 1983). Internet is also the real opportunity for micro companies to reach foreign markets at affordable costs (Hoffman and Novak, 1996). \u0000This paper focuses on the case of sales of gastronomic typical products on the Internet, probably one of the best e-commerce applications. In fact, no any other old goods can suit so naturally to the virtual market as typical products do. Two are the fundamental characteristics of typical, “made in” products: first of all, they have to be specialty goods, differentiated from their competitors; then they have to be regional goods, that means having deep roots in their original territory. In the second part of the paper it will be interpreted how typical products find in Internet the way to valorize their local and regional diversities on international markets: this way Internet has reversed the famous international management postulate “think global, act local” into a new one: “think local, act global”. Moreover, a partial empirical research about Italian companies selling gastronomic products on the Internet will be illustrated in order to verify quantitatively and qualitatively the state of art of this virtual business.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116438514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}