Physics Reports最新文献_第3页

Dark sector searches with the CMS experiment 用CMS实验进行暗区搜索

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.013

CMS Collaboration

{"title":"Dark sector searches with the CMS experiment","authors":"CMS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidence for gravitationally interacting dark matter in the universe that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. The extraordinary amount of data from the CERN LHC presents a unique opportunity to shed light on the nature of dark matter at unprecedented collision energies. This Report comprehensively reviews the most recent searches with the CMS experiment for particles and interactions belonging to a dark sector and for dark-sector mediators. Models with invisible massive particles are probed by searches for signatures of missing transverse momentum recoiling against visible standard model particles. Searches for mediators are also conducted via fully visible final states. The results of these searches are compared with those obtained from direct-detection experiments. Searches for alternative scenarios predicting more complex dark sectors with multiple new particles and new forces are also presented. Many of these models include long-lived particles, which could manifest themselves with striking unconventional signatures with relatively small amounts of background. Searches for such particles are discussed and their impact on dark-sector scenarios is evaluated. Many results and interpretations have been newly obtained for this Report.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1115 ","pages":"Pages 448-569"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Searches for Higgs boson production through decays of heavy resonances 通过重共振衰变寻找希格斯玻色子的产生

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.004

The CMS Collaboration

{"title":"Searches for Higgs boson production through decays of heavy resonances","authors":"The CMS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery of the Higgs boson has led to new possible signatures for heavy resonance searches at the LHC. Since then, search channels including at least one Higgs boson plus another particle have formed an important part of the program of new physics searches. In this report, the status of these searches by the CMS Collaboration is reviewed. Searches are discussed for resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons, a Higgs and a vector boson, or a Higgs boson and another new resonance. All analyses use proton–proton collision data collected at <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math></span> in the years 2016–2018. A combination of the results of these searches is presented together with constraints on different beyond-the-standard model scenarios, including scenarios with extended Higgs sectors, heavy vector bosons and extra dimensions. Studies are shown for the first time by CMS on the validity of the narrow-width approximation in searches for the resonant production of a pair of Higgs bosons. The potential for a discovery at the High Luminosity LHC is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1115 ","pages":"Pages 368-447"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enriching the physics program of the CMS experiment via data scouting and data parking 通过数据搜索和数据停放，丰富了CMS实验的物理程序

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.006

CMS Collaboration

引用次数: 0

Network alignment 网络对齐

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.006

Rui Tang , Ziyun Yong , Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Yaofang Liu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Wei Wang

{"title":"Network alignment","authors":"Rui Tang , Ziyun Yong , Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Yaofang Liu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex networks are frequently employed to model physical or virtual complex systems. When certain entities exist across multiple systems simultaneously, unveiling their corresponding relationships across the networks becomes crucial. This problem, known as network alignment, holds significant importance. It enhances our understanding of complex system structures and behaviours, facilitates the validation and extension of theoretical physics research about studying complex systems, and fosters diverse practical applications across various fields. However, due to variations in the structure, characteristics, and properties of complex networks across different fields, the study of network alignment is often isolated within each domain, with even the terminologies and concepts lacking uniformity. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in network alignment research, focusing on analysing network alignment characteristics and progress in various domains such as social network analysis, bioinformatics, computational linguistics and privacy protection. It provides a detailed analysis of various methods’ implementation principles, processes, and performance differences, including structure consistency-based methods, network embedding-based methods, and graph neural network-based (GNN-based) methods. Additionally, the methods for network alignment under different conditions, such as in attributed networks, heterogeneous networks, directed networks, and dynamic networks, are presented. Furthermore, the challenges and the open issues for future studies are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1107 ","pages":"Pages 1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remote detection optical magnetometry 远程探测光学磁强计

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.004

Alexander M. Akulshin , Dmitry Budker , Felipe Pedreros Bustos , Tong Dang , Emmanuel Klinger , Simon M. Rochester , Arne Wickenbrock , Rui Zhang

引用次数: 0

Lattice Boltzmann simulations for soft flowing matter 软流动物质的晶格玻尔兹曼模拟

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.002

Adriano Tiribocchi , Mihir Durve , Marco Lauricella , Andrea Montessori , Jean-Michel Tucny , Sauro Succi

{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann simulations for soft flowing matter","authors":"Adriano Tiribocchi , Mihir Durve , Marco Lauricella , Andrea Montessori , Jean-Michel Tucny , Sauro Succi","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade, the Lattice Boltzmann method has found major scope for the simulation of a large spectrum of problems in soft matter, from multiphase and multi-component microfluidic flows, to foams, emulsions, colloidal flows, to name but a few. Crucial to many such applications is the role of supramolecular interactions which occur whenever mesoscale structures, such as bubbles or droplets, come in close contact, say of the order of tens of nanometers. Regardless of their specific physico-chemical origin, such near-contact interactions are vital to preserve the coherence of the mesoscale structures against coalescence phenomena promoted by capillarity and surface tension, hence the need of including them in Lattice Boltzmann schemes. Strictly speaking, this entails a complex multiscale problem, covering about six spatial decades, from centimeters down to tens of nanometers, and almost twice as many in time. Such a multiscale problem can hardly be taken by a single computational method, hence the need for coarse-grained models for the near-contact interactions. In this review, we shall discuss such coarse-grained models and illustrate their application to a variety of soft flowing matter problems, such as soft flowing crystals, strongly confined dense emulsions, flowing hierarchical emulsions, soft granular flows, as well as the transmigration of active droplets across constrictions. Finally, we conclude with a few considerations on future developments in the direction of quantum-nanofluidics, machine learning, and quantum computing for soft flows applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1105 ","pages":"Pages 1-52"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interacting topological quantum aspects with light and geometrical functions 拓扑量子与光和几何函数的相互作用

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.003

Karyn Le Hur

{"title":"Interacting topological quantum aspects with light and geometrical functions","authors":"Karyn Le Hur","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I review my recent progress and develop a geometrical approach in the quantum with light as a guide, from the vector potential in classical physics, revealing that topological properties can be equivalently measured from the poles of a sphere. The topological state is induced on the Bloch sphere of a spin-1/2 particle from a radial magnetic field related to the physics of Skyrmions. This shows a relation between the global topological response being measured at the poles, the response to a circularly polarized field and the quantum metric. I show how this approach is helpful for the classification of matter with the detection of the global topological invariant at specific points in the Brillouin zone, e.g. the Dirac points, from the responses to electromagnetic waves such as circularly polarized light and from new geometrical functions associated to the quantum metric measuring the quantum Hall and spin Hall conductivities. The <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> point associated to the Brillouin zone of the honeycomb lattice also reveals the topological signature. Interactions are included in momentum space within a stochastic variational approach. In a realistic quantum model of interacting spins, this leads to fractional topological entangled aspects with a correspondence between a pair of half invariants and a Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair or Bell state at one pole. I also formulate a correspondence between fractional topological numbers and resonating valence bond states. This approach gives further insight on the characterization of topological matter linked to superconductivity, protected topological semimetals in two dimensions and on the search of Majorana fermions for topologically protected quantum information. We also address a correspondence with the fractional quantum Hall effect and surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1104 ","pages":"Pages 1-42"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterising the Higgs boson with ATLAS data from the LHC Run-2 用大型强子对撞机Run-2的ATLAS数据描述希格斯玻色子

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.001

ATLAS Collaboration

引用次数: 0

Ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic materials: Origins and progress 铁磁材料中的超快退磁：起源与进展

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.008

Xiaowen Chen , Roman Adam , Daniel E. Bürgler , Fangzhou Wang , Zhenyan Lu , Lining Pan , Sarah Heidtfeld , Christian Greb , Meihong Liu , Qingfang Liu , Jianbo Wang , Claus M. Schneider , Derang Cao

{"title":"Ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic materials: Origins and progress","authors":"Xiaowen Chen , Roman Adam , Daniel E. Bürgler , Fangzhou Wang , Zhenyan Lu , Lining Pan , Sarah Heidtfeld , Christian Greb , Meihong Liu , Qingfang Liu , Jianbo Wang , Claus M. Schneider , Derang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the discovery of ultrafast demagnetization in Ni thin films in 1996, laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics have become a prominent research topic in the field of magnetism and spintronics. This development offers new possibilities for the advancement of spintronics and magnetic storage technology. The subject has drawn a substantial number of researchers, leading to a series of research endeavors. Various models have been proposed to elucidate the physical processes underlying laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. However, the potential origins of these processes across different material systems and the true contributions of these different origins remain challenging in the realm of ultrafast spin dynamics. This predicament also hinders the development of spintronic terahertz emitters.</div><div>In this review, we initially introduce the different experimental methods used in laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics. We then systematically explore the magnetization precession process and present seven models of ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic materials. Subsequently, we discuss the physical processes and research status of four ultrafast demagnetization origins (including spin-flipping, spin transport, non-thermal electronic distribution, and laser-induced lattice strain). Since attosecond laser technique and antiferromagnetic materials exhibit promising applications in ultrahigh-frequency spintronics, we acknowledge the emerging studies used by attosecond pulses and studies on ultrafast spin dynamics in antiferromagnets, noting the significant challenges that need to be addressed in these burgeoning field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1102 ","pages":"Pages 1-63"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large fluctuations and primordial black holes 大波动和原始黑洞

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.007

Sayantan Choudhury , M. Sami

{"title":"Large fluctuations and primordial black holes","authors":"Sayantan Choudhury , M. Sami","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we review in detail different mechanisms of generation of large primordial fluctuations and their implications for the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) and scalar-induced secondary gravity waves (SIGW), with the ultimate aim of understanding the impact of loop correction on quantum correlations and the power spectrum. To accomplish the goal, we provide a concise, comprehensive, but in depth review of conceptual and technical details of the standard model of the universe, namely, causal structure and inflation, quantization of primordial perturbations and field theoretic techniques such as “in-in” formalism needed for the estimation of loop correction to the power spectrum. We discuss at length the severe constraints (no-go) on PBH production in single-field inflation imposed by appropriately renormalized quantum loop corrections, computed while maintaining the validity of the perturbation framework and assuming sufficient inflation to address the causality problem. Thereafter, we discuss in detail the efforts to circumvent the no-go result in Galileon inflation, multiple sharp transition (MST)-induced inflation, and stochastic single field inflation using an effective field theoretic (EFT) framework applicable to a variety of models. We provide a thorough analysis of the Dynamical Renormalization Group (DRG) resummation approach, adiabatic and late-time renormalization schemes, and their use in producing solar and sub-solar mass PBHs. Additionally, we give a summary of how scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are produced in MST setups and Galileon inflation. Finally, the PBH overproduction issue is thoroughly discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1103 ","pages":"Pages 1-276"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0