{"title":"‘ऋग्वेद’मा विश्वदृष्टि] [Worldview in 'Rigveda']","authors":"धनेश्वर Dhaneshwar भट्टराइ Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50687","url":null,"abstract":"साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तले साहित्यका माध्यमबाट व्यक्त हुने समाजको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गर्दछ । साहित्य स्रष्टाको व्यक्तिगत सिर्जना भए पनि त्यसमा आपूm बाँचेको समय र समाजका विविध पक्षहरू प्रतिबिम्बित भएका हुन्छन् । साहित्यमा समाज वा समुदायका सामाजिक प्रचलन, जातीय स्वरूप, धार्मिक आचरण, सांस्कृतिक परम्परा, आर्थिक अवस्था, तत्कालीन विचार वा चिन्तनगत धारणा कस्तो छ वा रहेछ भन्ने थाहा पाउन सकिन्छ । यही सन्दर्भमा साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तअन्तर्गत विश्वदृष्टिका आधारमा ‘ऋग्वेद’मा अभिव्यक्त तत्कालीन समाज वा समुदायका विचार वा चिन्तनको अध्ययन विश्लेषणका साथ मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"462 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123375349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dimension of Disaster and Coping Strategy in Nepal (1971–2020)","authors":"P. Regmi, Deepak Regmi","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50684","url":null,"abstract":"The people of Nepal today, are victims to perform disaster events. The combined efforts of the government and non-government sectors are seemed to reduce the impacts of growing and changing disaster patterns. This article provides an overview and results of Nepal disaster vulnerability and achievements of the government and non-government efforts. The impact of efforts has beenmonitored on the based-on disaster and mortality rate of disaster. This study was carried out based on 42,878 total disaster events and 44,782 deaths that occurred within 50 years period (1971-2020). The information has been pulled from the website of the national planning commission for 15 different periodic plans. And for the disaster detail, statistical data (incidents and death) has been also carried out from the website. Some statistical tools were used for the analysis. Although the number of total deaths is increasing, the event/death ratio is decreasing. The pattern of disaster has been changing in Nepal. The planning and legal efforts seem somehow positive for the case death rate on average.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125154220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversity of Bumblebees (Bombini, Apidae: Hymenoptera) in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) of Central Himalaya, Nepal","authors":"K. Ghimire, D. R. Bhusal","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50678","url":null,"abstract":"Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: genus Bombus Latreille, 1802) are the effective group of pollinators for various crops and wild plants in the north high-hills of Nepal. Over the past few decades, it has been expected that the population of these insects has declined since there are still unexplored areas and rich floral and faunal diversity. However, there are very few scientific publications as well as little researches have been carried out focusing on bumble bees in high-hills of Nepal. Therefore, this research was focused to explore the bumblebees in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) in Manang, Mustang and Gorkha districts with altitudinal gradients from 500 -2700 m asl from June to September 2019. The data were collected following accessible walking trails by opportunistic survey method and specimens were captured using sweeping net. Total 7 subgenera with 8 species of genus Bombus were identified. Bombus festivus (subgenus: Festivobombus) was the most dominant species. The diversity of bumblebee species was more in Gorkha site compared to the Manang and Mustang sites. Bombus haemorrhoidalis, B. eximus, and B. rotundiceps were the dominant species in Gorkha site, whereas B. festivus, B. lepidus, and B. tunicatus were dominant in Manang districts. Bombus festivus, B. tunicatus, and B. turneri were the most encountered species in Mustang. This study indicates that each district has the unique diversity of bumblebees particularly a site-specific variation of the Bombus species, which are likely to the variations in floral resources, microclimate and habitat types.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115953787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Review","authors":"Eak Raj Paudel","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50693","url":null,"abstract":"Medical treatment technologies in healthcare industries are modernized by using nanoparticles. The effect of nanoparticles and their interaction on human cells show many significant results. In this paper, I have studied the experimental and theoretical background of some biomedical applications of nanoparticles. It is found that gold (Au), silver (Ag), iron (Fe), silica (SiO2), and some polymeric nanoparticles are extensively used in the treatment of various deadly diseases. The nanoparticles of gold, silver, zinc oxide, silica, and cerium oxide are studied mostly to investigate the suitable distribution methodology for medical diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activity Test and Functional Group Detection of Eucalyptus Globulus","authors":"H. Gyawali, A. Ghimire, Toran Dip Dhital","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50671","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to explore phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the Eucalyptus globulus. Extraction of phytochemical was performed by Soxhlet apparatus using ethanol and hot water extraction using water. The phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, proteins & amino acids, steroids, volatile oils, and aqueous extract showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, proteins & amino acids, gums and mucilage, and steroids. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial activity test. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of E. globulus are resistant to the E. coli, Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus species except ethanolic extract shows activeness against Staphylococcus sp. & Bacillus species. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of E. globulus show inactivity against Aspergillus species. This study concludes the phytochemicals derived from given plants has great potential to treat life-threatening disease. The FTIR studies show that plant extracts consist of amine, carboxylic acid, alcohol & nitro compounds as the most abundant component.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117283331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘प्रेमदासको डायरी’ उपन्यासमा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवाद [Critical Realism in the Novel 'Premdas's Diary']","authors":"रमेश Ramesh प्रभात Prabhat","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50688","url":null,"abstract":"यो लेखमा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादी कोणबाट उपन्यासकार रेशम विरहीको ‘‘प्रेमदासको डायरी’ उपन्यासको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यहाँ उपन्यासको विश्लेषणका लागि सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचा तयार पारिएको छ । यसका लागि आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादको पुष्टि गर्ने कुञ्जी पनि तयार पारिएको छ । यसमा उपन्यासको कथावस्तुको सन्दर्भ उठाउँदै साक्ष्य सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । नेपालमा चलेका पञ्चायती व्यवस्था, २०३६ सालको आन्दोलन, २०३७ सालको जनमतसङ्ग्रह, २०४६ सालको जनआन्दोलन, २०५२ देखि २०६२ सम्म भएको माओवादी क्रान्ति र त्यसपछिको गणतन्त्र प्राप्तिले गरिब जनताको पक्षमा खासै परिवर्तन नल्याएको कुरा यो उपन्यासमा गरिएको छ । यो उपन्यासमा आएका तिनै घटनालाई हेर्दै सामन्तवादी सामाजिक व्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, राजनैतिक व्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, वर्गव्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, विभेदयुक्त जातीय व्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, मानवता विरोधी कार्यप्रति आलोचना गर्ने र नारीमाथि गरिने शोषणप्रति आलोचना गर्ने काम यो लेखभित्र गरिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132209823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Upadhyay, B. Pradhan, O. Poudel, K. Sapkota, Daya Ram Simkhada
{"title":"Impact of Remittance, Money Supply and Inflation on Economic Growth of Nepal: Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)","authors":"H. Upadhyay, B. Pradhan, O. Poudel, K. Sapkota, Daya Ram Simkhada","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50673","url":null,"abstract":"Remittances have become a major source of funding in developing countries. A time series analysis was conducted by taking the 25 years data of economic growth as a dependent variable while remittance, money supply and Inflation as independent variables form the annual report of Economic survey of Nepal (2020/21). The autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) was used to study the relationship among the variables. The trend of economic growth and total percentage of economic growth is in increasing order. The relation between then was found as LN(Economic Growth) =8.0740 +0.220*LNREM + 0.3123 *LNM2-0.0802*LNINF. The stability test of long-run coefficient including short run was studied using ARDL model and are confirmed using Cumulative Sum chart (CUSUM) and cumulative sum of squares test (CUSUMSQ) test. Finding shows that there is long run positive relationship between remittance, money supply, inflation on economic growth of Nepal. From the analysis it is clear that coefficients of error correction are highly significant this indicate that adjustment to longterm equilibrium in the dynamic model and ARDL model showed all the independent variables had positive impact on economic growth of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134268006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Solution of a Dispersion Problem for the Concentration of Pollutants in River Water","authors":"P. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50670","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, one-dimensional advection dispersion equation is solved for the concentration of water pollutant. To solve the differential equation, the Laplace’s transform technique has been used assuming no added pollutants on the way of water along the river. From the study, it is found that for various time period and speed, the concentration of the water pollutants decreases continuously, as the distance of the river increases from the point source.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116406106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Some Lead-free Solder Alloys","authors":"S. K. Sah, I. S. Jha, I. Koirala","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50676","url":null,"abstract":"Activities of the components of the binary lead-free solder alloys Cu-Sn, and Ag-Cu were computed using the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM). The theoretical data have been compared with the corresponding experimental values. For the validity of the model parameters, the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing of Cu-Sn, and Ag-Cu liquid alloys have been determined and compared with the corresponding experimental data available in the literature. Similarly, the activities of Sn in ternary liquid alloys Sn-Ag-Cu were computed and examined with the available experimental data at 1000 K. It has been observed that the calculated activities of the components of the binary and ternary solder alloys have nearly the same tendency as the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Documentation of Wild Leafy Vegetable Plants of Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"M. Das","doi":"10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50677","url":null,"abstract":"Wild leafy vegetables are an important source of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and fibers. Local people of Chitwan rely on wild leafy vegetables. Knowledge of wild leafy vegetables is part of traditional practice. This paper revealed total 38 plant species belonging to 32 Genera under 30 families which are consumed by local inhabitants of Chitwan. Out of 38 plants species consumed as leafyvegetable, 26 taxa were herbs, 6 species are climbers, 5 plant species as to trees and only one was climbers. The harvesting season of leafy vegetables are variable. 15 leafy vegetables plants were harvested during rainy season, 8 spp. were harvested in summer season. 12 plant species were harvested throughout the year. Similarly; 32 plant species were used for vegetables; 3 spp. were used for spices.A few spp. was consumed as raw, pickle and topping purpose.","PeriodicalId":404599,"journal":{"name":"BMC Journal of Scientific Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130598441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}