{"title":"White-Light Continuum Spectral Interferometry for Dispersion Characteristics Measurements in Anisotropic Crystals","authors":"H. Delbarre, C. Przygodzki, D. Boucher","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719260","url":null,"abstract":"White-light spectral interferometry has been recently demonstrated to allow a very precise determination of dispersion [1, 2]. In usual isotropic materials (glass), the use of a correct dispersion rule (Sellmeier or Cauchy formula for instance) in a nonlinear fitting procedure can lead to an enhanced accuracy (of the order of 10−5) for the indices.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128840564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser Welding of Magnetic Materials","authors":"H. Seat, I. Watson","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718876","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial sectors with interest in welding magnetic materials include the aerospace, electrical and defence industries [1]. The effects of CO2 laser welding and high temperatures (i.e. above the Curie temperature) on the magnetism of ferromagnetic materials were investigated. A 1.2 kW MFKP CO2 laser was used to weld the magnetic material at a constant power of 1 kW in the CW mode, for different welding translation velocities. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the magnetic field measurement system. This consisted of two orthogonal translation tables and an RS miniature Hall effect Sensor (HES), attached to an outlying platform from the larger translation table. The x-y motion was controlled via a microprocessor so that the HES was translated over the entire surface of the welded magnets (2 Alcomax magnets: 8% Al, 11.5% Ni, 21% Co, 4% Cu, Fe). The signal from the HES was signal conditioned and fed into a data acquisition card located in the PC. The magnetic field strength over the laser weld and surface of the specimen was measured before welding, immediately after welding and 3 days after welding. Figure 2 shows the spatial differences in the magnetic properties of the sample immediately after welding and Figure 3 the corresponding data 3 days after welding. The magnetisation of the weld pool and HAZ was reduced immediately after welding; 3 days later, during which the samples were isolated, magnetism recovered over the specimen except in the weld zone where it had been damaged and stayed unrecovered. A high translation velocity maximised the remagnetisation process and reduced the demagnetised zone and HAZ.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131684031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Science and Technology of Organic EL Displays","authors":"A. Hudson","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718891","url":null,"abstract":"For display applications, organic EL offers the possibility of efficient, low voltage, multicolour operation coupled with low production costs and robust design. Typical organic EL devices, as shown in figure 1, consist of several organic layers deposited between two electrodes The organic layers are usually deposited by vacuum sublimation1 or polymer spinning2. On applying a voltage across the device oppositely charged carriers are injected from the two electrodes and are transported to the recombination zone. The carriers then recombine forming excited molecular states which decay radiatively giving out emission with a characteristic spectrum.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133801096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Molecular Sieve on Transient Output-Reduction and Laser Parameters in DC Discharged/Room Temperature Operated FAF CO Laser","authors":"Y. Kodama, H. Sato","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719506","url":null,"abstract":"The output power tends to transiently decrease with discharge time in a dc electrically pumped fast axial-flow (FAF) CO laser. This output reduction is mainly caused by both the temperature rise of gas mixture and deactivation of the excited CO molecule due to its dissociation into CO2 and O2 molecules.1 Especially, the latter seems to be predominant in the room temperature operated FAF CO laser system. The gas temperature rise due to the discharge can be compensated by fast gas-circulation through a heat exchanger along with either ethanol/dry ice coolants (or liquid nitrogen at subroom temperature operation) , whereas the CO2 molecules generated through the discharge process cannot be avoided at room temperature operation, though, it is well trapped with a cold trap of liquid nitrogen. Thus, we shall try to recover the output reduction transiently induced above by adsorbing the generated CO2 molecules by molecular sieve for the room temperature operation together with theoretical explanation. In addition, we shall also examine how the laser parameters such as the small-signal gain γ0.v saturation intensity Is and a measure of partial homogeneity m are influenced with insertion of molecular sieve.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remote Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using a Novel Single-Fibre Arrangement","authors":"D. Beddows, H. Kondo, G. W. Morris, H. Telle","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719625","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is being exploited in qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid samples. While the technique has been around for a number of years the recent, rapid development in laser and detector technology have made it possible to implement the technique for use in real-time and remote analysis. In general, LIBS has been implemented by using pulses from a Nd:YAG laser for micro plasma generation, with the laser radiation transmitted in free air, and by collecting the plasma emission via an optical fibre.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115334064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Taccheo, G. Sorbello, S. Longhi, C. Svelto, P. Laporta
{"title":"Investigation of Intensity Noise in a Diode-Pumped Tm-Ho:YAG Laser","authors":"S. Taccheo, G. Sorbello, S. Longhi, C. Svelto, P. Laporta","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719594","url":null,"abstract":"Laser intensity stability is of great interest for system design in metrology, sensor applications [1], and optical communications [2] to improve detection sensitivity and overall system performance. In this work we focus our attention on and experimentally investigate the physical mechanisms through which external noise sources induce intensity noise in a singlefrequency Tm-Ho:YAG laser to be used as local oscillator for 2-µm coherent LIDAR applications.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115344778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. W. Hooft, M. B. V. D. Mark, J. Hoogenraad, S. Colak, J. Paasschens, E. S. V. D. Linden
{"title":"In Vivo Optical Imaging of the Female Breast","authors":"G. W. Hooft, M. B. V. D. Mark, J. Hoogenraad, S. Colak, J. Paasschens, E. S. V. D. Linden","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718886","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its non-ionizing nature, optical mammography could be a very attractive alternative to X-ray screening. We have developed a CW optical tomography apparatus with which three-dimensional images of breasts can be obtained in vivo. It measures the attenuation coefficient \u0000κ=3μ\u0000 a\u0000 μ\u0000 s\u0000 ' of the breast tissue. The magnitude of the reduced scattering coefficient \u0000μ\u0000 s\u0000 ' in breast tissue is approximately 1 mm-1 and varies less than the absorption coefficient μ\u0000 a\u0000 .","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115519802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement and Calculation of the Critical Pulsewidth for Gain Saturation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers","authors":"P. Borri, J. Mørk, J. M. Hvam, A. Mecozzi","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719051","url":null,"abstract":"Active semiconductor optical waveguides are essential components in many recently proposed devices for high-speed optical signal processing. It is well known that ultrafast carrier dynamics, like carrier heating and spectral holeburning, lead to gain non-linearities, which restrict the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor lasers. In the case of pulse amplification, these non-linearities lead to a pulsewidth dependence of the gain saturation [1]. A critical pulsewidth can be defined [2], which separates two qualitatively different regimes: a long-pulse regime, where the gain is determined by the pulse energy only, and a short-pulse regime, where the gain also depends on the pulsewidth. Calculated critical pulsewidths are on the order of several picoseconds [1], which is getting in the range of pulses being explored for ultrafast optical signal processing. Experiments that we are aware of. however, do not investigate the detailed dependence of the saturation energy versus pulse duration, and subsequently do not allow extraction of the critical pulsewidth.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124246540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lidar Determination of the Mixing Layer Formation Delay in the Presence of a Fog","authors":"P. Savov, B. Tatarov, B. Kaprielov, I. Kolev","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719073","url":null,"abstract":"The lidar investigation of dense atmospheric formations such as clouds and fogs is of great interest both for the fundamental and applied meteorology.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124256018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Temperature Wafer Direct Bonding Between GaInAsP Etch Stop Layer and Gd/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/O/sub 12/","authors":"H. Yokoi, T. Mizumoto","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719515","url":null,"abstract":"gamer crystal for the aim of integrating a lher diode and an optical isolator In a precious study, we demonsrated the bonding between InP and several kinds ofgmetr [I] , the latter ofwhich are essential to an optical isolator. Figure 1 shows B laser diode iiitegrated with an uptical isolator by wafa direct banding A GalnAsP etch stop layer ofthe laser diode is prepared for vertical alignment between an active layer of the laser diode and a guiding layer of the optical isolator. The vertical alignment can be achieved by adjusting the thickness of cladding layers The lateral alignment of a waveguide with the laser stripe can be accampliahed by mowntional lithography and etching techniques In this paper, we report the direct bonding between GalnAsP and GdiGasOu [GGG) GGG ss used BS a mbstrate for epitaxial growth of maget ic garnets. Ali wafers were chmically treated. and contacted at roam temperature. The contacted samplas were immediately haded into an anneaiig furnace for the heat treatment at tcmperatures between I10 and 3301'. since magnetic garnets were damaged by heat treatment in H2 ambient st 385'L. 121 A pressure of250 p l c d was applied to the wafers during the h a t t rmment The bonded samples w ~ r e subjected to V ~ O U B dewce fabbrication pracesses, such rn baking, thermal annealing. wet etching and exposure to the plasma discharge. for investigmng the bundine Jurabihty. The bonding betaeen GalnAsP and GCG was achieved d t h the heat treatmm at temperatures between 110 and 3307: The samples bonded by the heat treatment at 110 and 220C rcmvned banded against all the processes The bonding between a terraced l a w diode and GGG was also petiomcd. The GalnAsP etched surface was bonded with C i G by heat treatnient at temperatures between I I O and 22OT. We believe that the low temperature wafer direct bonding is a promising technique for the integration ofa semiconductor laser diode and an optical isolator","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124270229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}