Journal of Austrian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Vom \"Flugtraum\" zum \"Luftmord\": Der österreichische Luftdiskurs im Kontext des Ersten Weltkrieges","authors":"Monika Szczepaniak","doi":"10.1353/oas.2024.a921897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2024.a921897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This article looks at the literary and visual legacies of the development of weapons technologies and the prospect of aerial warfare in the early twentieth century, analyzing the literary and iconographic discourse on air warfare in the context of the First World War, as a development from “flight dream” to “air murder.” Even if Austria-Hungary represented a “remote province of international aerial activity” (F. P. Ingold), the rapid development of aerial technology in the form of aerodynamic airships and motorized flying machines did not go unnoticed there. Airspace acquires power as a political and military factor that is increasingly mobilized for national and imperial purposes. The article shows how these developments found their way into Austrian debates, literary production, and iconographic representation with reliance on the critical reading of texts and cartoons that announce something evil “in the air,” as if portending the use of air power in bombing civilian populations.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czernowitz und die Bukowina in frühen Dokumenten und Reiseberichten: Vom Werden eines habsburgischen Kronlandes (1775–1875) by Ion Lihaciu (review)","authors":"Joseph W. Moser","doi":"10.1353/oas.2024.a921903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2024.a921903","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Czernowitz und die Bukowina in frühen Dokumenten und Reiseberichten: Vom Werden eines habsburgischen Kronlandes (1775–1875)&lt;/em&gt; by Ion Lihaciu &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Joseph W. Moser &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Ion Lihaciu, &lt;em&gt;Czernowitz und die Bukowina in frühen Dokumenten und Reiseberichten: Vom Werden eines habsburgischen Kronlandes (1775–1875). Bukowinastudien IV&lt;/em&gt;. Kaiserslautern and Mehlingen: Parthenon Verlag, 2022. 276 pp. &lt;p&gt;Czernowitz became a part of the Habsburg Empire in 1775, and over the course of the next 139 years until the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Czernowitz’s development as Austria’s easternmost outpost was a remarkable part of the empire’s history. Ion Lihaciu’s &lt;em&gt;Czernowitz und die Bukowina in frühen Dokumenten und Reiseberichten: Vom Werden eines habsburgischen Kronlandes(1775–1875)&lt;/em&gt;—the fourth volume in the Bukowinastudien series— &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 109]&lt;/strong&gt; sheds light on the first hundred years, in which Czernowitz and the Bukovina transformed from being a part of the Ottoman Empire to a province within Austria’s crown land Galicia to then formally becoming a separate crown land in 1861. This book features a variety of primary sources, as testimonies of the area’s transition to becoming Austrian and German-speaking.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The book contains a Vorwort and eighteen primary texts numbered in Roman numerals, arranged chronologically from 1777 to 1875. These German-language texts not only show the development of the area; they also demonstrate how Austria transitioned from the Enlightenment through the Napoleonic era and then from the repressive Biedermeier to 1848, finally becoming a constitutional monarchy in 1867. In the same period, the Industrial Revolution brought railways to Austria, and the once-remote town of Czernowitz, which had been reachable only by a long postal coach ride, grew closer to Vienna, while the people in Vienna became progressively more aware of Czernowitz and the Bukovina as well.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first text in the collection from 1777 is entitled: “Der Wald Bukowina, in der Moldau, oder vielmehr ein ansehnlicher Strich Landes, auf welchen dieser Nahme ausgedehnt worden, und den man auch die Bukreine nennet [. . .]” (27–29), which describes a bucolic but underdeveloped part of Eastern Europe. Text XXVI from 1874 is entitled “Universität Czernowitz” (243–51) and is about the founding of the university. Czernowitz actually competed with Salzburg and Trieste in the Reichsrat in Vienna for the privilege of opening a university, and it is quite remarkable that Czernowitz was awarded the right to found a university in preference to these two other Western cities. These two texts demonstrate exactly how much had changed in less than a hundred years.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Of course, much had happened in the interim. In addition to several &lt;em&gt;Reiseberichte&lt;/em&gt;, w","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Billy Wilder on Assignment: Dispatches from Weimar Berlin and Interwar Vienna ed. by Noah Isenberg (review)","authors":"Laura A. Detre","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914890","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Billy Wilder on Assignment: Dispatches from Weimar Berlin and Interwar Vienna&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Noah Isenberg &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Laura A. Detre &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Noah Isenberg, ed., &lt;em&gt;Billy Wilder on Assignment: Dispatches from Weimar Berlin and Interwar Vienna&lt;/em&gt;. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2021. 212 pp. &lt;p&gt;If one were to list the most prominent American filmmakers of the twentieth century, Billy Wilder's name would undoubtedly have to be included. The director of such films as &lt;em&gt;Sabrina&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;The Apartment&lt;/em&gt;, Wilder became closely associated with witty dialog and topics that, while perhaps deeply serious, could be approached with a mixture of pathos and levity. Wilder's connection to fellow filmmaker Ernst Lubitsch is well known, and the younger director often credited Lubitsch for forming his style, but Wilder had a career as a writer that predated his work on the Lubitsch film &lt;em&gt;Ninotchka&lt;/em&gt;. Noah Isenberg's volume &lt;em&gt;Billy Wilder on Assignment&lt;/em&gt; offers a deeper dive into that part of Wilder's career and is a fascinating look at the evolving style of this remarkable writer.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This book is a collection of Wilder's journalistic writings, divided into three categories: feuilletons on life in Central Europe, essays on famous individuals, and theatrical reviews. The introduction explains that the purpose of the book is to give the reader insights into Wilder's life and interests before he became a famous American movie director. Isenberg worked closely with translator Shelley Frisch to bring Wilder's writing to life for an Englishreading audience. As Frisch says in her translator's notes, \"Wilder's prose is, well, … wilder than I usually get to render in my translations\" (194). Frisch hits on the most important aspect of their work in this quotation, which is that they have worked hard to choose texts that show the reader who Billy Wilder was as a journalist and to retain the character of Wilder's writing in their translations. This was a big challenge, but Isenberg and Frisch have been largely successful in this task.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;One of the most evocative essays that Isenberg and Frisch included in their book is entitled \"When It's Eighty-four Degrees,\" a vignette of life on &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 131]&lt;/strong&gt; a sultry summer day in Berlin. While we may balk at the idea that eighty-four degrees is a temperature that would induce the kinds of feelings Wilder documented, anyone who has spent a summer in Central Europe will recognize it from his description. His description of the oppressive heat, eventually broken by an evening thunderstorm, is detailed and humorous, and it is not a huge stretch of the imagination to envision this whole brief essay as a scene from one of Wilder's American films. We see here the writer who will eventually put similar words in the mouths of Will","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Springing from the Land of Music: Hollywood's Film Music Between \"Austrian\" Entertainment and \"German\" Arts","authors":"Ingeborg Zechner","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>The article investigates how national artistic ideologies of German-ness and Austrian-ness were incorporated in Hollywood film music of the 1930s and 1940s and in the general discourse in the American press. It argues that these stereotypes were indeed important in Hollywood's marketing strategies toward the middlebrow, which emerged as a wealthy branch in America's society at the time. Among these strategies was the promotion of film music as a 'serious' art form that was historiographically grounded in a 'German' art music tradition, in contrast to 'Austrian' light musical entertainment.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthur Schnitzler und die bildende Kunst ed. by Achim Aurnhammer and Dieter Martin (review)","authors":"Raymond L. Burt","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914884","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Arthur Schnitzler und die bildende Kunst&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Achim Aurnhammer and Dieter Martin &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Raymond L. Burt &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Achim Aurnhammer and Dieter Martin, eds., &lt;em&gt;Arthur Schnitzler und die bildende Kunst&lt;/em&gt;. Baden-Baden: Ergon Verlag, 2021. 433 pp. &lt;p&gt;In 2010 Achim Aurnhammer and his co-editors released volume 15 in the &lt;em&gt;Klassische Moderne&lt;/em&gt; series titled &lt;em&gt;Arthur Schnitzler und der Film&lt;/em&gt;. In 2014 together with Dieter Martin and another colleague, he edited an essay collection &lt;em&gt;Arthur Schnitzler und die Musik&lt;/em&gt; as the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; volume of the series. This current volume, the 45&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;, turns its sights on what the editors perceive as a gap in Schnitzler research, namely his relationship to the fine arts. The studies in this volume are a byproduct of a conference organized in March 2020 by Aurnhammer and Dieter Martin, both Fellows of the Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, the venue of the conference. According to the editors, the fourteen studies fall under four sections. The first explores Schnitzler as the subject of artistic portraits and photographs and highlights how he participated in their production. In the opening essay, Reinhard Urbach analyzes drawings, paintings, etchings, and sculptures that portray the writer at different stages of his life and career. Schnitzler never took the initiative to have non-photographic portraits made and rarely sat as model. Urbach cites journal entries and correspondence showing that Schnitzler preferred representations of his social standing, especially those showing him as a member of the upper bourgeoisie. More often than not, his impetus to pose came at the urging of trusted friends or lovers. Schnitzler, whose writings tended toward Realism, also expected visual artists to lean in this direction. Julia Ilgner's essay covers his relationship to photography, and in this medium the depictions, especially those taken in his early years, show him as a bohemian writer. Studio photography became a strategic tool of the Jung-Wien writers in promoting their careers. Also examined are the photographs in Schnitzler's possession, mentions of photography in his writings, and detailed analyses of how, in career-oriented studio photographs, he placed himself in relationship to Gerhard Hauptmann.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The second group focuses on works of art from the past as well as the art of his contemporaries, both in Schnitzler's private possession and in the museums and galleries he visited. Of particular interest is how these may have influenced him aesthetically. Ilgner joins Martin Anton Müller in a meticulous study of art shown in photographs taken in Schnitzler's various residences or mentioned in his journals and correspondence. Based on placement, the &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 115]&lt;/strong&gt; history of the piec","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Meine geistige Heimat\": Stefan Zweig im heutigen Europa ed. by François Genton et al. (review)","authors":"David L. Smith","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914886","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;\"Meine geistige Heimat\": Stefan Zweig im heutigen Europa&lt;/em&gt; ed. by François Genton et al. &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; David L. Smith &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; François Genton, Herta Louise Ott, Matjaž Birk, and Thomas Nicklas, eds., &lt;em&gt;\"Meine geistige Heimat\": Stefan Zweig im heutigen Europa&lt;/em&gt;. Schriftenreihe des Stefan Zweig Zentrum Salzburg 13. Würzburg: Königshausen &amp; Neumann, 2022. 223 pp. &lt;p&gt;No one can dispute that Stefan Zweig's advocacy for a shared European identity at a time of increasing nationalism and fascist oppression continues to resonate in and outside academia. In addition to a robust number of journalistic retrospectives commemorating the seventy-fifth anniversary of his death, not to mention recent translations of his works and scholarly publications such as the &lt;em&gt;Stefan-Zweig-Handbuch&lt;/em&gt; (2018), two recent building dedications warrant mention: first, the 2018 opening of a university student dormitory in Grenoble, France, in his honor, and second, the European Parliament's renaming of the Atrium building after him in Brussels in 2019. The editors cite both public recognitions as part of the impetus for convening an international conference in December 2020 to discuss Zweig's conception of Europe and its current relevance, a meeting that took place in virtual space because of the COVID-19 pandemic but led to the publication of the present volume.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Though not demarcated as such in the table of contents, the volume's chapters contribute to a fourfold focus. The first four literature-based studies analyze Zweig's conception of Europe through his writings on Freud; Nietzsche; the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy; and historical figures such as Erasmus, Mary Stuart, and Sebastian Castellio. The ensuing four articles investigate Zweig's understanding of politics and its relation to a shared European cultural history. Next, three contributions examine the evolution of Zweig's conception of European identity after the Nazis seized power in 1933 and his short layover in Galicia in 1936 during the early days of the Spanish Civil War. The final two chapters ponder the timeliness of Zweig's writings for today's Europe more specifically, though this implied question informs the entire volume; the first does so by examining the depictions of Europe and Europeans in two comics-based adaptations of &lt;em&gt;Schachnovelle&lt;/em&gt; and the second highlights correlations between Zweig's ideas for intercultural exchange and current European Union initiatives such as the Erasmus program.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ideally, the chapter on &lt;em&gt;Schachnovelle&lt;/em&gt; would be bolstered by additional analyses of film, graphic novel, or other adaptations of his works, especially &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 121]&lt;/strong&gt; for the commentary they might provide regarding notions of European identity in the decades since the end o","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faschismus? Zur Beliebigkeit eines politischen Begriffs by Anton Pelinka (review)","authors":"Peter Höyng","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914889","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Faschismus? Zur Beliebigkeit eines politischen Begriffs&lt;/em&gt; by Anton Pelinka &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Peter Höyng &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Anton Pelinka, &lt;em&gt;Faschismus? Zur Beliebigkeit eines politischen Begriffs&lt;/em&gt;. Wien: Böhlau, 2022. 273 S. &lt;p&gt;Dem renommierten Politikwissenschaftler Anton Pelinka treiben gleich zwei Sorgen um. Als passionierter Bekenner demokratischer Grundwerte, denen \"eine maximale Inklusion aller von politischen Entscheidungen Betroffenen\" eignet (260), bestürzt ihn die zu beobachtende Gefahr faschistischer Repressionen, indem sie den besagten politischen Pluralismus einer Demokratie bekämpfen. Doch nicht weniger alarmiert Pelinka der Antifaschismus, insofern unter seinem Banner als politische Ziele \"nationaler Sozialismus und die Freiheit von Postkolonialismus oder das Diktat von weltumspannenden Konzernen\" ausgerufen wird (260). Während Pelinka also demokratische Grundvorstellungen sowohl von rechtem wie auch linkem Gedankengut, und von Parteien und der ihr jeweils behafteten Politik als Gefahr verortet, irritiert ihn die Unschärfe der im Alltag beliebig verwendeten Begriffe Faschismus und Antifaschismus, die \"gebraucht und missbraucht werden\" (10 und 22). &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 128]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Um dieser Beliebigkeit der Begriffe zu entgegnen, bietet Pelinka eine erhellend kontrastive Lesart von fünf historischen Spielarten des Faschismus an: Der real existierende Faschismus in Italien (1922–1943), der Nationalsozialismus in Deutschland mit dem Holocaust als Alleinstellungsmerkmal (1933–1945), der Faschismus als autoritäres Konstrukt in Österreich (1933–1938), die japanische (1937–1945) sowie die spanische Militärdiktatur unter Franco (1939–1975). Insofern jedweder Terminus beabsichtigt, Vielfalt als eine Einheit zu begreifen, zeigen Pelinkas historische Analysen der fünf faschistischen Regime, dass es &lt;em&gt;den&lt;/em&gt; Faschismus nicht gab. Vielmehr verdeutlicht er überzeugend, wie heterogen und teilweise diametral entgegengesetzt die besagten diktatorischen Ausformungen in den unterschiedlichen Ländern waren und sie keineswegs eine politische Einheit bildeten, wenn beispielsweise Franco sich weigerte, Hitlers Deutschland 1939 militärisch zu unterstützen oder die japanische heterogen agierende Militärdiktatur Hitlers paranoider Antisemitismus nicht nachzuvollziehen im Stande war.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Pelinka schickt diesen historischen Ausführungen allgemeinere politischhistorische Überlegungen voran, um zu klären, was man unter Faschismus verstehen solle, ohne es als nichtssagende Leerformel gebrauchen zu müssen. Dabei nimmt er später dargelegte Beobachtungen historischer Einzelfälle sowie ihre Einschätzungen oftmals vorweg. Und im Anschluss seiner historischen Aufarbeitung der fünf faschistischen Systeme unternimmt der Autor denselben Versuch einer genaueren Begriffsbestimmung bezüglich des","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Picturing Austrian Cinema: 99 Films/100 Comments ed. by Katharina Müller and Claus Philipp (review)","authors":"Jakub Gortat","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914892","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Picturing Austrian Cinema: 99 Films/100 Comments&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Katharina Müller and Claus Philipp &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Jakub Gortat &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Katharina Müller and Claus Philipp, eds., &lt;em&gt;Picturing Austrian Cinema: 99 Films/100 Comments&lt;/em&gt;. Leipzig: Spector Books, 2022. 250 pp. &lt;p&gt;This book is a game—one hundred writers and journalists from the fields of media, film theory, literature, and science were asked to choose one frame from one postwar Austrian film and to express their feelings about what in the selected image should be regarded as particularly Austrian. However, as the &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 137]&lt;/strong&gt; editors explain in a short introduction, the book is \"full of broken rules\" (ii) with some texts too short, others too long, and one even addressing a British film, Carol Reed's &lt;em&gt;The Third Man&lt;/em&gt;. Actually, there are even more cases of non-adherence to the rules—some authors refer to films made before 1945: &lt;em&gt;Wellen schlagen gegen die Küste, beobachtet von einer Frau&lt;/em&gt;, made between 1914 and 1918 (9–10); &lt;em&gt;Liebelei&lt;/em&gt;, made in 1933, which is in fact a German production inspired by nineteenth-century Vienna (181–82); one author even writes about the music video of Falco's \"Rock Me Amadeus\" (15–16). The book thus has a heterogeneous quality; as mentioned, the length of the texts varies, and the excerpt about &lt;em&gt;The Third Man&lt;/em&gt; resembles an appendix planted in the middle of the book, printed in a different font size and on a different type of paper, with handwritten text in German, unlike all of the other contributions, which have been translated from German into English. Therefore, this invitation to learn more about Austrian cinema takes on the appearance of a game, an experiment, a collage, and a stream of thoughts from numerous intellectuals who share their opinion on what can be regarded as \"Austrian.\"&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A common element of Austrian film, to cite the book's editors, is its creative function: it \"creates identity through critical discourse, diversity through a democratic-pluralist reflection of society, and excellence through courage and an unwillingness to compromise\" (v). Various contributors' thoughts lead to the conclusion that contemporary Austrian cinema is to be understood mostly in postmodern terms. Films, scenes, and frames discussed here offer an image of a type of film that is deeply engaged in criticizing politics and society and that addresses the problems of people on society's margins, excluded individuals, and other abjects. These issues include international trafficking of illegal female migrants in Austria, as in &lt;em&gt;Kurz davor ist es passiert&lt;/em&gt;, explored by Birgit Kohler (93–94); women working in the sex and pornography industry, as in the case of &lt;em&gt;Revanche&lt;/em&gt;, described by Thomas Mießgang (111–12), &lt;em&gt;Die Praxis der Liebe&lt;/em","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch: Zur europäischen Moderne ed. by Maximilian Bergengruen, Alexander Honold, Gerhard Neumann (review)","authors":"Vincent Kling","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914881","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch: Zur europäischen Moderne&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Maximilian Bergengruen, Alexander Honold, Gerhard Neumann &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Vincent Kling &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Maximilian Bergengruen, Alexander Honold, Gerhard Neumann et al., eds., &lt;em&gt;Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch: Zur europäischen Moderne&lt;/em&gt; 30. Baden-Baden: Rombach, 2022. &lt;p&gt;The range and scope of many specialized annual publications can be surprising. Their stated focus on one writer, theme, or period seems to pinpoint them, and while that is so, they often include primary documentation and archival research not easily accommodated in quarterly journals. This current volume of the &lt;em&gt;Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch&lt;/em&gt; contains pieces on Hofmannsthal, to be sure, but much else of interest from various perspectives.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The right place to begin is with the contributions on Hofmannsthal, two on &lt;em&gt;Jedermann&lt;/em&gt; and one on &lt;em&gt;Der Turm&lt;/em&gt;. In his finely argued essay \"Wer ist Jedermann? Das Drama zwischen Botschaft und Adressat\" (145–69), Alexander Honold points to Hofmannsthal's own account of his diverse sources (150)—the English play &lt;em&gt;Everyman&lt;/em&gt; from about 1490, Hans Sachs's \"Comedi vom sterbend reichen Menschen,\" a poem by Albrecht Dürer, and a collection of lyrics by &lt;em&gt;Minnesänger&lt;/em&gt; from the thirteenth century. Honold argues that Hofmannsthal was so conscientious about informing his audience through a series of essays about his sources because the stylized and allegorical flavor of the work required an adjustment on the part of his audience. Once the play moved from a theater in Berlin to the cathedral square in Salzburg, it found its true locus and meaning:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;p&gt;Statt des geschlossenen Theatersaals … sah sich nun eine ganze Stadt mit ihren Bergen und Burgen, Kirchen und Plätzen zur Bühne … für das \"Jedermann\"-Stück umfunktioniert, und das von liturgischzeremoniellen Elementen gesättigte Werk war damit … tatsächlich zu einem, wie Hofmannsthal es fasste, \"Spiel vor der Menge\" geworden.&lt;/p&gt; (152) &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p&gt;As if in answer to Honold, Heinz Rölleke points out in \"Hugo von Hofmannsthal: Der Librettist auf Abwegen\" (171–74) a considerable blemish in &lt;em&gt;Jedermann&lt;/em&gt;, especially notable because the great artist who had just created the incomparably skilled and subtle language for &lt;em&gt;Der Rosenkavalier&lt;/em&gt; interpolated into this new play poems from an anthology that are clumsy and ineffectual (172). Rölleke notes the time pressure Hofmannsthal was working under and attributes this misstep to haste. He compares the poor quality of &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 108]&lt;/strong&gt; the poems and their \"wenig inspiriete Vertonung\" by Einar Nilson to the magnificent musical settings by Frank Martin in 1943 (174).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Hans Richard Brittnacher's article, \"Der traumatisierte Heros: Das Desaster des Ersten Weltkriegs in Hofmannst","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literatur und Energie in Joseph Roths Der Rauch verbindet Städte (1926)","authors":"Antonia Villinger","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>In his report Der Rauch <i>verbindet Städte</i>, which appeared in the <i>Frankfurter Zeitung</i> in 1926, Joseph Roth described how coal mining affected life, society, and work in the Ruhr Valley. The text demonstrates impressively and in metaphoric terms how the coal trade and its industrial use as a source of energy had a direct influence on everyday life and the economy. This article proceeds from coal as a source of energy to examine the connection between literature and energy, reading this text against the background of the field of Energy Humanities currently developing in the anglophone sphere. This research focus, which has to date hardly been pursued in the German-speaking world, provides a new and productive perspective within the field of Austrian Studies.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}