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Effect of two different creatine supplementation products on muscular strength and power 两种不同的肌酸补充产品对肌肉力量和力量的影响
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629909512539
M. Vukovich, J. Michaelis
{"title":"Effect of two different creatine supplementation products on muscular strength and power","authors":"M. Vukovich, J. Michaelis","doi":"10.1080/15438629909512539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629909512539","url":null,"abstract":"To compare different types of creatine supplements on indices of strength and endurance, 48 males (22.3 ± 0.6 y) participated in a 21d study. Subjects consumed creatine in a powder (CRp), in a solid form of gelled candy (CRs) or a carbohydrate placebo was taken in a solid, gelled candy (PLBs) or in powder form (PLBp). All supplements and placebo were fed in a double blind regime at a dose of 20 g/day for 5 days followed by lOg/day for 16 days. Pre‐testing on day 1 included body composition (hydrostatic weighing) and 5, 10‐s sprints on a Monark cycle ergometer. Subjects pedaled against an opposing force of 0.834 N per kg body mass (0.085 kp • kg−1) with a 40‐s rest between each sprint (SPR). On day 2, subjects performed a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) lift on a leg press and 5 sets of 30 maximal voluntary contractions (total = extension + flexion) on a Kin Com Isokinetic Dynamometer at 180°/s with a 45‐s rest between each bout. Statistical analysis showed that CRp and CRs group supplementation resulted in a s...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"56 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131688300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Treadmill measurement of the force‐velocity relationship and power output in subjects with different maximal running velocities 在跑步机上测量不同最大跑步速度受试者的力-速度关系和功率输出
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629909512537
A. Jaskólska, P. Goossens, B. Veenstra, A. Jaskólskp, J. Skinner
{"title":"Treadmill measurement of the force‐velocity relationship and power output in subjects with different maximal running velocities","authors":"A. Jaskólska, P. Goossens, B. Veenstra, A. Jaskólskp, J. Skinner","doi":"10.1080/15438629909512537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629909512537","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to estimate the gross body force‐velocity (F‐V) relationship on a newly developed motorized treadmill (Gymrol, France) in subjects who differed in their predicted maximal running velocity (Vmax) calculated from the F‐V relationship. Of the 32 subjects tested, those with the 14 highest Vmax values were assigned to a fast group (FG) and those with the lowest 13 Vmax values to a slow group (SG). The F‐ V relationship during two testing sessions was obtained from six 5‐s, all‐out sprints against different resistance settings that were 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15% and 20% of the maximal value the treadmill could produce. The F‐V relationship fitted a linear regression in both groups. The individual correlation coefficients for the F‐ V relationship during the first session ranged from —0.992 to —0.997, and during the second session from —0.989 to —0.998, with no significant differences between sessions. The Vmax was significantly higher in FG (Vmax = 7.20±0.32m/s) than in the SG (Vmax = ...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126613119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Measurement of climatic heat stress at outdoor venues for endurance events at the Atlanta Olympic Games, 1996 1996年亚特兰大奥运会室外耐力比赛场地的气候热应力测量
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629909512536
David E. Martin
{"title":"Measurement of climatic heat stress at outdoor venues for endurance events at the Atlanta Olympic Games, 1996","authors":"David E. Martin","doi":"10.1080/15438629909512536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629909512536","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, climatic heat stress measurements were made at four sport venues: athletics, beach volleyball, modern pentathlon, and tennis. The known potentially adverse effects of climatic heat stress (high temperature, humidity, and radiant energy) on athletic performance, coupled with Atlanta's history of abnormally hot humid weather during the proposed Games period, indicated the need for such documentation as part of ongoing Games preparation. Commercially available instrumentation was used to measure dry bulb temperature (DBT), wet bulb temperature (WBT), and black bulb globe temperature (BGT). From these values, the Heat Stress Index (HSI) temperature was calculated. Data were collected at 10‐min intervals for an extended time period at various competition sites at a time when athletes were competing during the Games. These data provide a perspective on: how Atlanta's 1996 weather compared with preceding years, and with that of Barcelona in 1992; the incidence of heat stres...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114301555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Vascular smooth muscle and exercise 血管平滑肌和锻炼
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629909512535
Tonous N. Silfani, Chao‐Yin Chen, R. D. Patil, S. DiCarlo
{"title":"Vascular smooth muscle and exercise","authors":"Tonous N. Silfani, Chao‐Yin Chen, R. D. Patil, S. DiCarlo","doi":"10.1080/15438629909512535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629909512535","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular smooth muscle is under the influence of local (metabolic, autoregulatory and endothelial), reflex (autonomic nervous system), and hormonal (norepinephrine, epinephrine, angioten‐sin, and vasopressin) regulatory mechanisms. These regulatory mechanisms interact during exercise in a coordinated manner to assure adequate tissue blood flow while maintaining arterial blood pressure. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and propose a model that analyzes the factors regulating vascular smooth muscle during exercise. Specifically, at the onset of exercise, skeletal muscle fiber activation sets in motion a series of biochemical events that increase metabolic demand and produce cellular metabolites (adenosine, H+, Pi). These metabolites have their greatest influence on vascular smooth muscle of the smallest terminal arterioles and cause relaxation. The relaxation/dilation of the terminal arteriole reduces the perfusion pressure on the upstream arterioles and the vessels relax (autoregulat...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121515083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Self‐regulation of exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation participants 心脏康复参与者运动强度的自我调节
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629909512538
Raegan M. Kosiek, L. Szymanski, C. Lox, G. Kelley, P. Macfarlane
{"title":"Self‐regulation of exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation participants","authors":"Raegan M. Kosiek, L. Szymanski, C. Lox, G. Kelley, P. Macfarlane","doi":"10.1080/15438629909512538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629909512538","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if Phase III‐IV cardiac rehabilitation participants could accurately self‐monitor exercise intensity through the use of the heart rate (HR) palpation technique and the rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) during their typical exercise routine and to determine if participants were exercising within their prescribed target heart rate (THR) range. Methods One hundred and sixty‐one (119 men, 42 women) cardiac rehabilitation participants (age = 64.8 ± 9.2 years) each performed their usual exercise routine on aerobic equipment for 20 min, while wearing a HR monitor. At 10 and 15min of exercise, participants reported their 10‐s palpated HR and RPE rating. Results No significant differences were found between mean palpated HRmin10 (100.8 ±18.6 beats per minute (BPM) and mean actual HRmin10 (102.7 ± 17.1 BPM) or mean palpated HRmin15 (105.9 ±19.2 BPM) and mean actual HRmin15 (106.4 ± 18.4 BPM). The correlations between actual HR and palpated HR at 10 and 15 mi...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"35 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126073060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Exercise dependence: A review of its manifestation, theory and measurement 运动依赖:运动依赖的表现、理论和测量方法综述
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629809512532
Jeremy Adams, R. Kirkby
{"title":"Exercise dependence: A review of its manifestation, theory and measurement","authors":"Jeremy Adams, R. Kirkby","doi":"10.1080/15438629809512532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512532","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise dependence describes a condition in which moderate to intense physical activity becomes compulsive behaviour. An exercise‐dependent individual is not only more likely to suffer increased injury and illness, but is also more likely to ignore clinical advice and continue to exercise while injured or ill. Several theories, including the β‐endorphin theory of endogenous opioids, the sympathetic arousal hypothesis, and the opponent‐process model of addiction, have been suggested to explain exercise dependence. While investigators have linked exercise dependence to a wide range of pathology, including eating disorders, Type A personality and neuroticism, research in this area has been vulnerable to criticism, particularly in terms of the methods used to assess dependence. The absence of well‐controlled investigation into the condition, in particular the precise identification and measurement of dependent symptomology and its consequences, requires that further research be undertaken to study exercise d...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126848907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Contractile properties of two human lower limb muscle groups: The quadriceps and triceps Surae 两个人类下肢肌肉群的收缩特性:股四头肌和肱三头肌
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629809512529
S. Hunter, M. Thompson
{"title":"Contractile properties of two human lower limb muscle groups: The quadriceps and triceps Surae","authors":"S. Hunter, M. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/15438629809512529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512529","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to differentiate between the contractile characteristics of the quadriceps femoris (QF) and triceps surae (TS) muscle groups within the same individual independently of volitional effort. Electrically evoked isometric contractions of the QF and TS muscle groups were recorded from the dominant leg of 13 men and women (28.8 ±2.1 years). The electrical stimulation protocol performed included: supramaximal twitches; contractions evoked at 10, 20, 50 and 100 Hz stimulation; and a two minute fatigue test. Compared with the QF, the TS contractile properties were found to have: (1) prolonged twitch TPT and ½RT; (2) a larger relative torque production at low frequencies of stimulation; and (3) a greater resistance to fatigue. These results indicate: (1) that the TS is a functionally slower and less fatiguable muscle group than the QF; and (2) that electrical stimulation is a sensitive and non‐invasive technique for determining the contractile characteristics of human muscle.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130606967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Personal risk factors for injury in recreational and old‐timer ice hockey 休闲冰球和老年冰球损伤的个人危险因素
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629809512530
D. Voaklander, L. Duncan Saunders, H. Quinney
{"title":"Personal risk factors for injury in recreational and old‐timer ice hockey","authors":"D. Voaklander, L. Duncan Saunders, H. Quinney","doi":"10.1080/15438629809512530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512530","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine factors related to injury for adult recreational and old‐timer hockey players. Four hundred and thirty‐one players from 5 hockey leagues were followed during an entire hockey season. Risk factor regression equations for facial injury, body contact injury, sprain/strain injury, and all injuries were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 151 injuries were reported. Thirty‐two facial injuries were suffered by players, 51 injuries were a result of intentional and unintentional body contact between players, and 59 injuries diagnosed as either sprains or strains. Facial injuries were statistically predicted by the interaction of shooting side with player position. The multivariable equation for body contact injury included player weight as well as the number of other fitness activities a player participated in. The multivariable equation for sprain/strain injuries included age, self‐reported skill, and previous injury history. The usef...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130742591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Regression of oxygen consumption on heart rate during supported and unsupported deep water running in healthy mixed gender subjects 健康男女混合受试者有支撑和无支撑深水跑步时耗氧量对心率的回归分析
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629809512534
Stanley P. Brown, D. O'Donnell, L. Kravitz, K. Beason, J. Alvarez
{"title":"Regression of oxygen consumption on heart rate during supported and unsupported deep water running in healthy mixed gender subjects","authors":"Stanley P. Brown, D. O'Donnell, L. Kravitz, K. Beason, J. Alvarez","doi":"10.1080/15438629809512534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512534","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption (VO2) during the performance of unsupported and supported deep water running (DWR) in young healthy males and females. A second purpose was to compare regression of predicted VO2 on heart rate between the two methods of support (i.e., unsupported vs vest supported). Thirty‐three college‐aged students (18 males and 15 females), aged 19 to 28 years, volunteered for this study. Each subject completed practice sessions until satisfactory DWR performance was attained. Subjects returned for a VO2peak test in the water on a subsequent day. The test involved the performance of a DWR graded exercise test at a metronome cadence of 72 strides‐min−1 with a cadence increase of 12 strides min”1 in each subsequent 3 minute stage. Heart rate and VO2 were monitored continuously throughout the test. Statistical analysis of the difference in physiological stimulus between supported and unsupported DWR in female and male s...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114045063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICALLY INDUCED STRENGTH TRAINING ON TRICEPS BRACHII STRENGTH IN UNTRAINED FEMALES 电诱导力量训练对未训练女性肱三头肌力量的影响
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1998-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629809512533
Kami N. Prince, L. Golding, R. Tandy
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICALLY INDUCED STRENGTH TRAINING ON TRICEPS BRACHII STRENGTH IN UNTRAINED FEMALES","authors":"Kami N. Prince, L. Golding, R. Tandy","doi":"10.1080/15438629809512533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512533","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty‐seven apparently healthy females volunteered for a study to compare the effect of neuro‐muscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (N = 7), traditional isotonic weight training (N =9) and NMES combined with isotonic weight training (N =11) on triceps brachii strength. Strength was measured isotonically (1‐RM) and isometrically (MVIC). The NMES group received NMES 3 times per week. The Weight and Weight/NMES groups performed 3 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at 60% of 1‐RM, 3 times per week. All groups were pre‐ and post‐tested to determine 1‐RM and MVIC. Strength was also tested after four weeks, in order to ensure the Weight and NMES/Weight groups were training at a minimum of 60% of 1‐RM. Two mixed factor design ANOVAs (Group x Time x Arm) found no significant difference between groups in a pretest (p ≤ 0.05). All three groups demonstrated a significant absolute increase in strength, both isometrically and isotonically. A statistical difference was not found between the three training methods in their ef...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116703205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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