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Familiarization process in cardiorespiratory fitness testing for persons with mental retardation 智障人士心肺适能测试的熟悉过程
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512032
P. Rintala, J. McCubbin, J. Dunn
{"title":"Familiarization process in cardiorespiratory fitness testing for persons with mental retardation","authors":"P. Rintala, J. McCubbin, J. Dunn","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512032","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to review the familiarization protocols and other factors used in laboratory and field testing studies implemented to measure the cardiorespiratory fitness of persons with mental retardation. Test selection issues, pretest familiarization procedures, and motivational strategies will be discussed. Little information is available to identify specific guidelines for familiarizing a subject with a specific protocol prior to cardiorespiratory fitness testing. The recommendations suggested in this article provide valuable and necessary information for researchers interested in the measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness of persons with mental retardation.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120951517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Effects of weight lifting on resting blood pressure: A meta‐analysis 举重对静息血压的影响:荟萃分析
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512036
G. Kelley
{"title":"Effects of weight lifting on resting blood pressure: A meta‐analysis","authors":"G. Kelley","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512036","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of weight‐lifting exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in humans. The results of 10 human exercise training studies published in journals (1966‐1993) and representing a total of 285 subjects (170 exercise, 115 control) were statistically aggregated using the meta‐analytic approach. Across all categories and designs, weight lifting resulted in a small, but statistically significant reduction of ‐3 (p = 0.02) and ‐2 (p = 0.03) mmHg resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. This corresponded to a reduction of approximately 2% for both resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Neither change was significant for a control group. The results of this study suggest that weight lifting reduces resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in humans. However, the reduction observed in this study may not be sufficient to recommend weight lifting alone for the purpose of reducing resting blood pressure. A need exists for ...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125865694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictive climatology for the Olympic Marathon and race walking events in Barcelona 1992 1992年巴塞罗那奥运会马拉松和竞走项目的预测气候学
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512031
J. Verdaguer-Codina, P. Pujol, A. Rodriguez, E. Ortiz
{"title":"Predictive climatology for the Olympic Marathon and race walking events in Barcelona 1992","authors":"J. Verdaguer-Codina, P. Pujol, A. Rodriguez, E. Ortiz","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512031","url":null,"abstract":"During 1990 in New York and again in Barcelona in the following year, the International Marathon Medical Directors Association (IMMDA) initiated studies to monitor climatological conditions accompanying several endurance outdoor sports events in different locations. The aim was to identify the changing thermal stress on both a competitor and exposed spectator along the course of any major endurance racing event around the world where there were climatological conditions similar to Barcelona during the 1992 Olympic Games. In this way any combination of type of surroundings, time of day climatological conditions, etc., along an event's course found to present a thermal stress to either an athlete or spectator might be avoided by better scheduling, better routing, increasing the number of aid stations along a route, and other precautions. To evaluate a single measure of the climatological conditions surrounding an event, a monitor with three thermometers was used to obtain the wet bulb global temperature val...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130136554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Metabolic adaptations in single muscle fibers of competitive endurance cyclists 竞技耐力自行车运动员单个肌纤维的代谢适应
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512034
J. Neary, H. Quinney, T. Martin
{"title":"Metabolic adaptations in single muscle fibers of competitive endurance cyclists","authors":"J. Neary, H. Quinney, T. Martin","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512034","url":null,"abstract":"Selected enzymes were studied in single muscle fiber preparations taken from eight competitive cyclists (six male, two female) previous to and after 8 weeks of progressive heavy endurance training (85% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max], 60 minutes a day, 5 days a week). Mean + SD VO2max was significantly increased (3.71 ± 0.62 to 4.15 ± 0.65 L.min‐1), as was mean, submaximal endurance power output (150 ± 24 to 204.8 ± 36.9 W) on a 60‐minute endurance cycle test after training. In single vastus lateralis fiber preparations obtained from a biopsy sample before and after training, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) was determined using quantitative histochemical and image analysis technique. A cluster analysis of data defined three distinct fiber metabolic profiles (that is, different interrelationships among SDH, LDH, mATPase activity) prior to training. Following training, there was a shift in the metabolic profi...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114076584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat in young adult men 年轻成年男性全身脂肪的磁共振成像
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512037
P. Vehrs, D. Parker, G. Fellingham, T. Adams, R. Robison, A. G. Fisher
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat in young adult men","authors":"P. Vehrs, D. Parker, G. Fellingham, T. Adams, R. Robison, A. G. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512037","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers an excellent opportunity to study human body composition. Differentiation of fat and nonfat tissue allows quantitative analysis of adipose tissue volume from MRI images. Cylindrical phantoms containing various proportions of water and oil were scanned using a spin echo sequence with an echo time of 12 ms, a repetition time of 150 ms with 20 mm slices. A previously described method of defining a fat pixel threshold underestimated the known volume of fat in the phantoms by a mean of 9.7%. Eight young male volunteers (mean age, 22 years) were scanned twice in succession using the same protocol as with the phantoms. The volume of fat calculated from images of eight subjects was upwardly adjusted by the amount the pixel thresholding method underestimated the known volumes of fat in the phantoms. The fat volume determined from the images of human subjects was converted to weight and then percent body fat (BF). The mean percent BF of the two MRI scans of the eight subjects...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"420 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comparison of phonophoresis and knee immobilization in treating iliotibial band syndrome 音游术与膝关节固定治疗髂胫束综合征的比较
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512030
C. Bischoff, W. Prusaczyk, T. Sopchick, N. Pratt, H. Goforth
{"title":"Comparison of phonophoresis and knee immobilization in treating iliotibial band syndrome","authors":"C. Bischoff, W. Prusaczyk, T. Sopchick, N. Pratt, H. Goforth","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512030","url":null,"abstract":"Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is caused by irritation from the iliotibial band repetitively passing over the lateral femoral condyle during flexion and extension. This study evaluated the efficacy of two ITBS treatments: phonophoresis using ultrasound to transport 10% hydrocortisone into subcutaneous tissues, and knee immobilization. Students in Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL training diagnosed with ITBS were randomly assigned to group P (n = 13) receiving phonophoresis or group I (n = 13) receiving knee immobilization. Both groups received rest, ice, stretching, and ibuprofen. Subjects were examined daily until pain free. Endpoint was defined as running 1 mile on a treadmill without pain or stiffness. Group P was pain free on examination sooner (2 versus 8 days; p ≤0.001). A greater (p ≤0.005) proportion of subjects from group P (100%) recovered in less than 10 days than from group I (62%). One subject from group P and three from group I experienced pain during the 1‐mile run.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122834903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Competitive sports activities improve cardiocirculatory performance in insulin‐dependent diabetics 竞技体育活动可改善胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的心脏循环功能
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629409512015
C. Ciuti, C. Marcello, A. Concu
{"title":"Competitive sports activities improve cardiocirculatory performance in insulin‐dependent diabetics","authors":"C. Ciuti, C. Marcello, A. Concu","doi":"10.1080/15438629409512015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629409512015","url":null,"abstract":"By means of noninvasive transthoracic impedance cardiography, the cardiovascular profile of two groups of male asymptomatic and glycometabolic‐compensated insulin‐dependent diabetics (IDD), one composed of five untrained patients (UD) and the other of five athletes trained for aerobic‐anaerobic sports (TD), was studied during a cycle ergometer progressive exercise up to a submaximal work rate corresponding to a heart rate (HR) of 130 beats/ min (W 130). At rest, although HR and arterial blood pressure were similar in the two groups, values for TD were higher than for UD in stroke volume (SI, +14%) and cardiac output (CI, +26%) index expressed per m2 of body surface area, impedance‐derived cardiac work indicator (CWI, +24%), impedance‐derived heart mechanical efficiency indicator (HEI, +16%), impedance‐derived ventricle preload indicator (PLI, +12%), and those for TD were lower than for UD in impedance‐derived total peripheral resistance indicator (TPRI, ‐24%) and impedance‐derived myocardial contractility...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127949500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Ultraviolet skin exposure in marathon runners 马拉松运动员皮肤暴露在紫外线下
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629409512018
J. Verdaguer-Codina, P. Pujol, X. Cabo, J. Coll, C. Trullás, A. Ruiz, J. Torres, J. Prat
{"title":"Ultraviolet skin exposure in marathon runners","authors":"J. Verdaguer-Codina, P. Pujol, X. Cabo, J. Coll, C. Trullás, A. Ruiz, J. Torres, J. Prat","doi":"10.1080/15438629409512018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629409512018","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet (UV) skin exposure was measured in a group of 21 marathon runners during the Barcelona and Madrid marathons. This was accomplished by means of a personal dosimeter attached to the runner's chest or back. At the same time, ambient UV irradiance and heat stress index were also measured by means of a spectroradiometer and a heat versus exertion monitor, respectively. The latter is an analog of the wet bulb globe temperature. The results showed that during the races the marathoners received a mean radiation of 10 and 4.5 of the minimal erythematous dose. In spite of this high UVB dose the runners did not show unwanted acute skin responses such as sunburn. Since marathon runners can be at high risk for skin cancer, the guidelines for protection of the skin from the American Cancer Society against UV radiation are highly recommended for this group of athletes.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124216041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Net energy cost of stair climbing and ambulation in subjects with hemiplegia 偏瘫患者爬楼梯和行走的净能量消耗
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629409512017
R. Shephard, T. Kavanagh, R. Campbell, B. Lorenz
{"title":"Net energy cost of stair climbing and ambulation in subjects with hemiplegia","authors":"R. Shephard, T. Kavanagh, R. Campbell, B. Lorenz","doi":"10.1080/15438629409512017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629409512017","url":null,"abstract":"A Kofranyi‐Michaelis respirometer has been used to measure net energy expenditures in 16 women and 52 men undergoing rehabilitation following hemiplegia. Measurements were made during seated rest, standing, comfortable ambulation, and ascent and descent of a laboratory staircase. Because tasks were performed more slowly than in the able‐bodied, all data were expressed as net oxygen cost (ml/[kg.m]) relative to seated rest. Resting metabolism was slightly reduced by hemiplegia (3.1 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.7 ml/[kg‐min] in men and women, respectively). Stair climbing was performed with a low net mechanical efficiency (6 to 8%). The metabolic cost of ambulation was also high relative to the able‐bodied individual, particularly at slow speeds of walking. Above a pace of 40 m/min in women and 50 m/min in men, the energy cost was only 10 to 20% higher in some hemiplegics than in the able‐bodied, but because of age and disability, many of the subjects with hemiplegia could not attain such speeds. We conclude that alth...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124554733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Brief communication: Use of the infrared temperature scanner during triage of hyperthermic runners 简短的交流:在热疗跑步者的分诊过程中使用红外温度扫描仪
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629409512020
L. Armstrong, A. Crago, R. Adams, J. Senk, C. Maresh
{"title":"Brief communication: Use of the infrared temperature scanner during triage of hyperthermic runners","authors":"L. Armstrong, A. Crago, R. Adams, J. Senk, C. Maresh","doi":"10.1080/15438629409512020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629409512020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117256217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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