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Locus of control as a predictor of injury in elite basketball players 控制源对优秀篮球运动员损伤的预测作用
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512050
Samantha L. McLeod, R. Kirkby
{"title":"Locus of control as a predictor of injury in elite basketball players","authors":"Samantha L. McLeod, R. Kirkby","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512050","url":null,"abstract":"Locus of control, as measured by Levenson's scale, was assessed at preseason in 60 elite national‐level male and female basketball players. Information on frequency and severity of injuries was collected as the playing season progressed. When these data were treated by discriminant function analysis, it was found that neither gender nor any of the locus of control subscales (Internal, Powerful Others, Chance) could predict frequency or severity of injury. These findings, plus a critical analysis of other studies in this area, indicated that locus of control is not a valid predictor of sporting injuries.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126363877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Climatic heat stress studies at the barcelona olympic games, 1992 1992年巴塞罗那奥运会的气候热应激研究
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512048
J. Verdaguer-Codina, David E. Martin, P. Pujol-Amat, Antonio Ruiz Ldo Inef, J. Prat
{"title":"Climatic heat stress studies at the barcelona olympic games, 1992","authors":"J. Verdaguer-Codina, David E. Martin, P. Pujol-Amat, Antonio Ruiz Ldo Inef, J. Prat","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512048","url":null,"abstract":"Four environmental conditions contribute to climatic heat stress: ambient temperature, air humidity, air movement, and radiant heat from the sun and nearby warm surfaces. If sufficiently great, this climatic heat stress can adversely affect the performance of work or exercise. Particularly for endurance sport activities, such as marathon running, racewalking, and other sustained distance events, the ability to quantify the magnitude of heat stress is of value in helping both coach and athlete plan the safest competitive strategy. Quantification of climatic heat stress is possible through the use of three thermometers, which measure shade temperature (dry bulb temperature [DBT]), the effect of wind and humidity (wet bulb temperature [WBT]), and radiant energy (black globe temperature [BGT]). The three values are incorporated into a heat stress index (HSI), a temperature value comprised of 10% of DBT, 20% of BGT, and 70% of WBT. Extensive HSI monitoring was performed at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, on‐...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121670760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Epidemiology of injury in Australian female gymnasts 澳大利亚女子体操运动员损伤的流行病学研究
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512053
G. Kolt, R. Kirkby
{"title":"Epidemiology of injury in Australian female gymnasts","authors":"G. Kolt, R. Kirkby","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512053","url":null,"abstract":"A nationwide sample of 162 Australian elite and nonelite competitive female gymnasts were administered a questionnaire to collect personal and training data as well as information about the number, location, and type of injuries sustained in the previous 12 months. The gymnasts reported 321 injuries, a rate of 1.98 per gymnast (2.36 for the elite and 1.83 for the nonelite subjects). Of the total sample 78.4% reported sustaining one or more injuries (89.4% of the elite gymnasts and 73.9% of the nonelite gymnasts). Injuries to the ankle and foot (31.7%) were the most prevalent, followed by injuries to the lower back (15.0%). Sprains (29.6%) were the most commonly reported type of injury, followed by strains (20.6%) and growth plate injuries (11.5%). In terms of the amount of time lost due to injury, the elite gymnasts spent 20.2% of the year's training time at less than full capacity, compared with 13.9% for the nonelite gymnasts. These findings have implications for performance potential and training methods.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124288550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Positive (Concentric) and negative (Eccentric) muscular activity: A review 正(同心)和负(偏心)肌肉活动:综述
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512046
S. Rorke
{"title":"Positive (Concentric) and negative (Eccentric) muscular activity: A review","authors":"S. Rorke","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512046","url":null,"abstract":"The complex nature of positive and negative work often practiced in human activity is apparent in the current literature on the topic. Much theoretical effort has been expended on examination of the positive and negative work relationships during exercise, particularly as numerous differences between the effect of a concentric and eccentric muscular contraction exist. These differences range from the force able to be exerted and energy cost of the effort in each type of muscle action, physiological response to the difference in efficiency between the two types of work, the ratings of perceived exertion elicited, and the role of each type of contraction in the precipitation of a muscle injury and the relative contribution of each to a training effect. This review examines the complex nature of positive and negative work and our current understanding of these complex issues.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117207152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Do over‐the‐counter analgesics reduce delayed onset muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase values? 非处方镇痛药能减少迟发性肌肉酸痛和血清肌酸激酶值吗?
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512039
L. Smith, R. George, T. Chenier, M. McCammon, J. Houmard, R. Israel, R. Hoppmann, Susan T. Smith
{"title":"Do over‐the‐counter analgesics reduce delayed onset muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase values?","authors":"L. Smith, R. George, T. Chenier, M. McCammon, J. Houmard, R. Israel, R. Hoppmann, Susan T. Smith","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512039","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether aspirin or acetaminophen would significantly reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and blood levels of creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscle tissue damage, after an unaccustomed bout of, eccentric exercise. Thirty‐six untrained men were randomly assigned to an aspirin (3.0 g/day), acetaminophen (3.0 g/day), or placebo group in a double‐blind fashion. Drug or placebo administration began 48 hours before exercise and continued to 72 hours after exercise. Each subject performed the eccentric phase of a supine bench press at a resistance equivalent to 120% of maximum concentric strength, 1 RM (4 sets, 12 repetitions/set). A subjective sensation score of DOMS (1 = normal, 10 = very sore) and serum CK activity were measured before and at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after exercise, using a repeated measures ANOVA. No significant group differences (p > 0.05) were found in perception of soreness; a significant time effect was observed (p <, 0.05) with p...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129926986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Prevalence of psychological distress among patients at a physical therapy clinic specializing in sports medicine 某运动医学理疗诊所患者心理困扰的流行程度
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512045
B. Brewer, A. Petitpas, J. V. Raalte, J. Sklar, Terry D. Ditmar
{"title":"Prevalence of psychological distress among patients at a physical therapy clinic specializing in sports medicine","authors":"B. Brewer, A. Petitpas, J. V. Raalte, J. Sklar, Terry D. Ditmar","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512045","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the frequency with which patients at an orthopedic physical therapy clinic specializing in sports medicine experience clinically meaningful psychological distress, 200 consecutive patients were administered a standardized measure of psychopathology. Patients varied in terms of diagnosis, stage of rehabilitation, and level of athletic involvement. The physical therapist and athletic trainer responsible for the rehabilitation of a patient rated a patient's behavior during rehabilitation sessions. Approximately 19% of patients reported a clinical level of psychological distress. Most patients demonstrated few overt signs of a maladaptive psychological response to injury. The physical therapist or athletic trainer rating was not significantly correlated with a patient's self‐reported psychological distress. It was concluded that psychological distress occurs infrequently among patients at a sports medicine clinic, but with sufficient regularity to warrant concern.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114711551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
Variability in blood glucose change during a 2‐hour exercise 2小时运动期间血糖变化的可变性
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512044
A. Viru, K. Karelson, T. Smirnova, J. Ereline
{"title":"Variability in blood glucose change during a 2‐hour exercise","authors":"A. Viru, K. Karelson, T. Smirnova, J. Ereline","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512044","url":null,"abstract":"To compare individual peculiarities in hormone responses and glucose pattern during prolonged exercise, 34 untrained persons and 27 endurance athletes performed a 2‐hour exercise test on a bicycle with an ergometer at the level of 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Serial blood samples were taken through a venous catheter before exercise, at 10, 26, 30, 60, and 120 minutes of exercise and 1,6, and 24 hours after the cessation of exercise. Serum glucose, corticotropin, cortisol, somatotropin, and insulin concentrations were determined. In 79% of cases a slight initial decrease of 0.7 ± 0.23 mM in untrained and of 0.6 ± 0.31 mM in trained subjects was observed in the blood glucose concentration. In half of these subjects an increase over the initial concentration followed after 30 to 60 minutes of exercise. Despite the stable euglycemic level of the mean concentration during the succeeding stages of exercise, individual analysis indicated the existence of five variant glucose patterns: (1) an initial decre...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124654331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validity and reliability of a one‐minute half sit‐up test of abdominal strength and endurance 一分钟半仰卧起坐腹部力量和耐力测试的效度和信度
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512042
M. H. Diener, L. Golding, D. Diener
{"title":"Validity and reliability of a one‐minute half sit‐up test of abdominal strength and endurance","authors":"M. H. Diener, L. Golding, D. Diener","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512042","url":null,"abstract":"Abdominal muscle strength and endurance are widely assessed by means of a timed 1‐minute full sit‐up test, despite the more accepted use of half sit‐ups as a muscular strength and endurance exercise. In the present study, the validity and reliability of a 1‐minute half sit‐up protocol was investigated. A total of 142 different subjects participated in one of four studies designed to assess test‐retest reliability, interapparatus reliability, intertester reliability, and validity. Findings included very high test‐retest reliability (r = 0.98), moderately high interapparatus reliability (r = 0.71), and high intertester reliability (r = 0.76). The correlation of the half sit‐up test with the full sit‐up test of the National YMCA was 0.67 and the correlation with isometric abdominal strength was 0.38. The proposed half sit‐up test was found to be reliable and is proposed as an alternative method of evaluating abdominal strength and endurance.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117214296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
Crocetin administration increases exercise endurance in trained rats 克罗辛给药增加训练大鼠的运动耐力
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512043
Christopher M. Wilson, E. Goh, W. Miller
{"title":"Crocetin administration increases exercise endurance in trained rats","authors":"Christopher M. Wilson, E. Goh, W. Miller","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512043","url":null,"abstract":"The carotenoid crocetin has been shown to relieve the hypoxic condition caused by many diseases. Since hypoxia is also a limiting factor in endurance performance, this study evaluated the effect of crocetin administration on exercise endurance. Eleven treadmill trained rats were randomly divided into an experimental or control group. Sixty minutes prior to exhaustive exercise, the exercise group received a 0.3 mL intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg crocetin/kg body weight, and the control group received a placebo injection. The experimental group improved running time by 18± 3 minutes (t test, p ≤ 0.01) and showed a reduction in postexercise blood lactate concentration by 1.84 ± 0.52 mM (t test, p ≤0.01). The results demonstrate that crocetin increased exercise endurance and decreased blood lactate concentration in trained rats. The mechanism of action may be that, by increasing oxygen diffusion, crocetin enhanced aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate while reducing anaerobic adenosine triphosphate...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124728001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current status of the step test in field evaluation of aerobic fitness: The Canadian home fitness test and its analogues 台阶试验在有氧体能野外评价中的现状:加拿大家庭体能试验及其类似试验
Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15438629509512033
R. Shephard
{"title":"Current status of the step test in field evaluation of aerobic fitness: The Canadian home fitness test and its analogues","authors":"R. Shephard","doi":"10.1080/15438629509512033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512033","url":null,"abstract":"The development and current status of the Canadian Home Fitness Test and its analogues are briefly reviewed. Although originally designed to motivate subjects to greater physical activity, there have been persistent attempts to use the test for screening and exercise prescription. The prediction of maximal oxygen uptake obtained by the original test and its various modifications has much the same reliability and validity as other submaximal procedures for the estimation of peak aerobic power. Useful information can be derived regarding the fitness of large populations, but in the individual no more than a very crude categorization of fitness is possible.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125377061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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