Journal of Sugarbeet Research最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated sugar beet pulp using response surface design.","authors":"E. Donkoh, John C. Degenstein, M. Tucker, Yun Ji","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.49.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.49.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the enzymatic digestibility of sugar beet pulp (SBP). The reaction temperature, enzyme concentration, and SBP loading were studied using a five-level central composite design. Minitab 15 software was used to perform statistical analysis of the data. The result showed that reaction temperature and enzyme concentration have significant effect on the response. The effect of SBP percent solids was found to be insignificant. A quadratic model was developed. A maximum yield of 85% was predicted with the model. Model validation experiments showed good agreement between the actual obtained yields and the predicted yields. Therefore, the model could be used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of SBP process. Additional key words: sugar beet pulp, lignocellulosic, biomass, ethanol, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentable sugar, response surface Jan. June 2012 Enzymatic Digestibility of Beet Pulp 27","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic and phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium oxysporum from sugarbeet in Michigan and Minnesota.","authors":"K. Webb, P. A. Covey, L. Hanson","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.49.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.49.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium yellows of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae, can lead to a significant reduction in root yield, sucrose percentage, and juice purity. Fusarium yellows has become increasingly common in both Michigan and Minnesota sugarbeet production areas, and although genetic resistance provides some control, growers have reported failures when resistant varieties are grown in different parts of the country, potentially due to the variability of local F. oxysporum populations. Previous research has demonstrated that F. oxysporum collected from symptomatic sugarbeet can be highly variable in pathogenicity but that this is not solely due to the wide geographic distribution of sugarbeet production. F. oxysporum isolates were collected from symptomatic sugarbeet throughout the production region of Michigan and Minnesota and were characterized utilizing pathogenicity and phylogenetic analysis. The F. oxysporum population from Michigan and Minnesota was found to be variable in pathogenicity to sugarbeet and was polyphyletic. Therefore, the population from Michigan and Minnesota could not be classified into distinct races, but rather was adequately described by three previously reported phylogenetic clades. Additional","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132374419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pyraclostrobin on postharvest storage and quality of sugarbeet harvested before and after a frost.","authors":"L. Campbell, K. Fugate, L. Smith","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.49.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.49.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Pyraclostrobin and other strobilurin fungicides have been reported to have beneficial effects on productivity that cannot be attributed to disease control. Enhanced frost tolerance is one such effect that has been observed for sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) after a late season foliar pyraclostrobin application. This phenomenon has been reported in some, but not all, sugarbeet trials, and may potentially affect root storage properties, especially when roots are harvested after a frost. Research was conducted to determine the effect of late season pyraclostrobin application on storage properties of roots harvested before and after a frost. The effects of pyraclostrobin on postharvest respiration rate, invert sugar and raffinose concentration were variable across environments and time in storage, and there were no apparent relationships between the storage properties measured. However, foliar applied pyraclostrobin resulted in a small (3.7 kg Mg -1 ) but significant increase in average extractable sucrose concentration compared to no pyraclostrobin control treatments. This increase was observed in roots harvested before and after a damaging frost after storage for 0 or 90 days.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex on Storability of Sugarbeet","authors":"C. A. Strausbaugh, E. Rearick, I. Eujayl, P. Foote","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.48.3.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.48.3.155","url":null,"abstract":"A Rhizoctonia-bacterial root rot complex can lead to yield loss in the field but rots also have the potential to cause sucrose loss in storage. Thus, studies were conducted to investigate if combining sugarbeet roots suffering from this complex with healthy roots would compromise the ability of the healthy roots to retain sucrose. Over a three year period, root samples from three commercial cultivars were compared in storage as a healthy (eight healthy roots) or mixed (eight healthy roots + one rotted root) treatment inside an outdoor storage pile. The experiment was arranged as a split block (healthy in one half of block and mixed in the other) with the whole blocks arranged in a ran domized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were sampled in December, January, and February and evaluated for discolored and frozen root area, weight loss, and sucrose reduction and recovery. When comparing the healthy to the mixed treatment over the nine year x sampling date combinations, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated the median change for discoloration (7% increase), frozen area (14% increase), sucrose loss (5% loss), and recoverable sucrose (689 kg/ha less or 8% reduction) were signifi cantly different from zero ( P = 0.008, 0.031, 0.007, and 0.008, respectively). These data indicate that the Rhi zoctonia-bacterial root rot complex can negatively af fect neighboring healthy roots in storage leading to additional sucrose losses.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133640203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugarbeet Productivity as Influenced By Fertilizer Band Depth and Nitrogen Rate in Strip Tillage","authors":"W. B. Stevens, R. G. Evans, J. Jabro, W. Iversen","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.48.3.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.48.3.137","url":null,"abstract":"Most modern strip tillage (ST) implements are capable from the seed may be detrimental. A field study was conducted at Sidney, MT to determine (1) the optimum depth of the fertilizer band for fall ST and (2) if the optimum band depth is affected by N application rate. Strip tillage was performed in the fall using a shank-type implement. Nitrogen and P were banded below the seed row at depths of 2.5, 7.5, or 12.5 cm from the soil surface. Nitrogen was applied as dry urea at 78, 146, or 212 kg N ha-1 and P as monoammonium phosphate at 24.4 kg P ha-1. Interactions between band depth and N rate were not significant. Fertilizer band depth affected plant population in one of two years resulting in reductions of 7 to 13% when fertilizer was 2.5 or 7.5 cm deep compared to the 12.5-cm band depth. Nitrogen content of above-ground biomass (AGBM-N) was greatest with the 7.5-cm depth. Plant population was somewhat lower when N was applied at 212 kg N ha-1 resulting in a harvest population that was 7% less than when N was applied at 78 or 146 kg ha-1. Fertilizer band depth did not affect root sucrose content, root yield or recoverable sucrose yield. It was concluded that fertilizer band placement between 7.5 and 12.5 cm deep (5 to 10 cm below the seed) resulted in the best combination of N uptake and seedling emergence. Caution is warranted when banding N shallower than 12.5 cm and/or at rates greater than 145 kg N ha-1 where conditions maximize the risk of seedling injury (e.g., dry climate, sandy textured soil, spring ST). of banding fertilizer below the seed. For sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L ), placement either too close or too far away . 138 Journal of Sugar Beet Research Vol. 48 Nos. 3 & 4 Additional","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131290833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No-till dryland sugarbeet production in semi-arid western Nebraska.","authors":"D. Lyon, John A. Smith","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.48.3.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.48.3.121","url":null,"abstract":"in the Nebraska Panhandle, eastern Colorado and Wyoming. There are occasions when it is difficult for growers to locate landlords willing to rent irrigated land for sugarbeet production. Although non-irrigated land may be available for rent, there is no history of dryland sugarbeet yields or production practices in this region. The primary objectives of this study were to determine yield potential and optimum plant population for no-till dryland sugarbeet. Field studies using no-till and glyphosate-tolerant sugarbeets were conducted at 10 dryland sites in the Nebraska Panhandle from 2008 through 2010. Mean root yields averaged across varieties ranged from 14.7 to 58.7 Mg ha-1 , with regression analysis predicting a maximum root yield of 43.5 Mg ha -1 at a plant density of 5.93 plants m -2 . Mean sugar concentrations ranged from 140 to 214 g kg -1 , and generally increased as plant population density increased. Mean sugar yields ranged from 2.3 to 9.52 Mg ha -1 , with regression analysis predicting a maximum sugar yield of 7.82 Mg ha -1 at a plant density of 6.24 plants m -2 . No-till, dryland sugarbeet production appears to be feasible in semi-arid western Nebraska.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129561551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Insecticide Seed Treatments on Sugarbeet Storability","authors":"C. A. Strausbaugh, E. Rearick, I. Eujayl, P. Foote","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.47.3.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.47.3.65","url":null,"abstract":"Sucrose loss in sugarbeet storage is a concern for all roots, but particularly those stored under ambient conditions. In order to control or suppress insect pests in sugarbeet production and consequently improve root storability, two neonicotinoid seed treatments, Poncho Beta (60 g a.i. [active ingredient] clothianidin + 8 g a.i. beta-cyfluthrin/100,000 seeds) and Cruiser Tef (60 g a.i. thiamethoxam + 8 g a.i. tefluthrin/100,000 seeds), were used to produce roots from four commercial sugarbeet cultivars grown in Declo, ID. At harvest, eight-beet samples from each cultivar x treatment combination were collected and placed inside an outdoor pile. Samples were removed on approximately 30-day intervals beginning on December 6 and 8 in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Discolored and frozen root area, weight and percent sucrose reduction, and sucrose recovery were evaluated. Across six-sampling dates, Poncho Beta was always ranked first for recoverable sucrose and performed well for the other variables assessed. Over the three sampling-dates when Poncho Beta was significantly better (P < 0.10) than the non-treated check, recoverable sucrose was increased by an average of 17% with only insect pest pressure and no disease pressure. Cruiser Tef tended to rank intermediate between Poncho Beta and the non-treated check for recoverable sucrose and other variables. The insecticide seed treatments not only have the potential to limit yield losses and increase profits in the field, but also to improve sucrose recovery in storage.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116125018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of conventional and glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet the year of commercial introduction in Wyoming.","authors":"A. Kniss","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.47.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.47.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007, approximately 800 ha of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) were planted in Wyoming, representing the largest commercial production of a biotechnology-derived sugar crop at the time. A study was conducted in 2007 to compare the farm-scale economic differences between glyphosate-resistant and conventional (non-glyphosate-resistant) sugarbeet. Twenty-two sugarbeet fields (11 each planted to glyphosate-resistant and conventional cultivars) were selected early in the growing season and all field operations and sugarbeet yields were recorded. Tillage operations and herbicide costs were reduced in the glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet system compared with the conventional sugarbeet system. Sucrose production was over 1,400 kg per ha greater in glyphosateresistant sugarbeet compared with conventional sugarbeet. The glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet system improved net economic return by $576/ha compared with the conventional sugarbeet system. Additional","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117071687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogasification potential of desugarized molasses from sugarbeet processing plants.","authors":"Ioannis Martinos Polematidis, A. Koppar, P. Pullammanappallil","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.47.3.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.47.3.89","url":null,"abstract":"Sugar production from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) generates a co-product stream called raffinate, desugarized molasses, or concentrated separated by-product (CSB). About 0.25 metric tonnes of raffinate is generated for every metric tonne of sugar produced. In this paper, the potential of biogasifying the raffinate to produce methane fuel is investigated. Several aliquots of CSB raffinate (0.1 – 0.2 kg), obtained from the American Crystal Sugar Company, MN, were biogasified in batch mode in a bench-scale anaerobic downflow stationary fixed film reactor (DSFFR) at a thermophilic temperature of 55 OC. It was found that about 0.118 m3 of methane at STP was produced per kg raffinate. This volume of methane was recovered in the biogas within a 2 day period indicating very good degradability. For every kg of raffinate fed into the anaerobic digester about 94 g COD of organic matter will be discharged with the digester effluent along with 27 g of microbial biomass (or sludge). Every metric tonne of raffinate can generate 4,300 MJ (3.7 MMBtu/US ton) of thermal energy from the combustion of the methane or about 300 kWhe of electricity can be generated (assuming 25% efficiency of converting thermal energy to electricity). Additional key words: Anaerobic digestion; biogas; raffinate; CSB; sugar beet 90 Journal of Sugar Beet Research Vol. 47 Nos. 3 & 4 N 40% of refined sugar consumed in the USA is produced from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Beet sugar processing generates significant quantities of both solid (tailings, spent pulp) and liquid (molasses, wastewater) by-products and organic wastes. For example, American Crystal Sugar Company, East Grand Forks (EGF) plant processes 8,310 (metric) tonnes of sugar beets daily to produce 1320 tonnes of sugar. The plant also produces 3500 m3 of wastewater, 432 tonnes of tailings, 1273 tonnes of pressed spent pulp and 332 tonnes of desugarized molasses (Polematidis et al., 2008). The molasses stream from the crystallization process is usually further desugarized in chromatographic separators to recover about 70% of the sucrose. The desugarized molasses by-product stream contains water, residual sugars, raffinose, betaine, amino acids, nitrogen compounds, organic acids and inorganic salts. In some plants the betaine is recovered as another value added product. The desugarized molasses stream is concentrated (also called concentrated separated by-product, CSB raffinate) and sold as animal feed for about US$20/tonne. Sugar production from sugarbeet is an energy intensive operation due to the need for drying and evaporation, and a variety of fossil fuels including coal and natural gas are used. In this paper, we investigate the potential of converting CSB raffinate stream into biogas fuel. Biogas produced in this manner would be a renewable biofuel and could potentially displace some of the fossil fuel used in the plant. Biogasification (or anaerobic digestion) is a biochemical process in which the organic compounds (like c","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128669226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Treatments for the Control of Insects and Diseases in Sugarbeet","authors":"C. A. Strausbaugh, I. Eujayl, P. Foote","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.47.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.47.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"Insect feeding and vectoring of viruses cause serious problems in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production worldwide. In order to ameliorate insects and diseases on sugarbeet, two seed treatments, Poncho Beta (60 g a.i. [active ingredient] clothianidin + 8 g a.i. beta-cyfluthrin/100,000 seeds) and Cruiser Tef (60 g a.i. thiamethoxam + 8 g a.i. tefluthrin/100,000 seeds) were investigated in a series of five field trials from 2006 to 2009. The two seed treatments and an untreated check were tested on commercial sugarbeet cultivars in a randomized complete block design with eight replications. Insect incidence and curly top symptoms were evaluated. Both Poncho Beta and Cruiser Tef provided significant reduction in curly top symptoms and incidence of leafminers (Pegomya spp.), black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli), and sugarbeet root aphid (Pemphigus betae Doane). In the two trials conducted under curly top pressure, Poncho Beta and Cruiser Tef had more root yield than the untreated check by 3.4 to 15.1 t/ha. In the three trials without curly top pressure, Poncho Beta and Cruiser Tef resulted in root yield increases of 3.1 to 6.7 t/ha over that of the untreated check. Neonicotinoid seed treatments play an important role in early season disease and insect management in sugarbeet production, but should be viewed as a supplement to host plant resistance rather than a substitute for it.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114354700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}