Organic Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Recent progress and prospects of inverted singlet-triplet energy gap (INVEST) materials in OLEDs","authors":"Makhvela Anwer,&nbsp;Shiwei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complete harvesting of singlet and triplet excitons offers a pathway to surpass the spin-statistics limit of conventional fluorescent materials. This opens the door to highly efficient molecular light-emission mechanisms such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). This TADF mechanism is aided by low singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔE_ST), which are usually positive (following Hund's rule). Recent research has explored the violation of Hund's rule by inverting the excited states. Consequently, thermodynamically advantageous down conversion by the negative ΔE_ST eliminates the need for thermal activation and permits more effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), which enables solving problems of short lifetime and fast efficiency roll off of organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. The potential uses of molecules that violate Hund's law have garnered considerable interest in OLEDs, bioimaging, and photocatalysis. Therefore, the success of INVEST materials holds the potential to enable the next generation of OLEDs. This mini-review focuses on significant progress in INVEST materials (molecular design and photophysical properties). Furthermore, the outlook and prospects for future developments in INVEST materials are described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential-based model for asymmetric and symmetric double-gate organic thin-film transistors","authors":"Xiaohui Li ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Zongcheng Su ,&nbsp;Yu Xiong ,&nbsp;Changjiang Chen ,&nbsp;Long Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongjun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a potential-based model for asymmetric and symmetric double-gate organic thin-film transistors (DG-OTFT). The model is derived strictly from the accurate solution of one-dimensional Poisson's equation and current continuity equation. By preserving the proper physics, this model can exactly describe the distribution of electric potential and carrier density of DG-OTFT, and analyze the approximate and non-approximate distribution under the large voltage. Moreover, discussing the Ids characteristics of DG-OTFT based on surface potential equation, the causes of shoulder current are also analyzed in this paper. The theoretical calculations based on this model have good consistency with experimental data, playing an important role in promoting the development of DG-OTFT technology and providing valuable insights for its application in large-scale electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallization regulation and ion migration suppression enabled by bifunctional lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate additive for stable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Rana Shahid Mahmood ,&nbsp;Weicun Chu ,&nbsp;Riming Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are growing rapidly to achieve higher photovoltaic performance, their practical applications have still been obstructed by stability issues in humid atmosphere. Here, we adopted an additive engineering (one additive in two layers) strategy by doping organic-inorganic dual nature additive lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (Li-DFOB) into lead iodide (PbI₂) and Spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in enhanced photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of PSCs. The incorporation of Li-DFOB can enhance perovskite crystal quality and moisture resistance of the hole transporting layer by suppressing ion migration, charge carrier recombination, and reducing hysteresis. A replacement of Li-TFSI with a stable Li-DFOB salt in Spiro-OMeTAD can increase the hydrophobicity of the hole transporting layer (HTL) by preventing degradation in humid air and improve the charge carrier transportation. The prepared devices can maintain 98.7 % of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE), 24.07 % after 624 h in ambient conditions. This additive engineering strategy recommends such dual-nature additives to enhance the performance and stability of PSCs, leading to water-resistant devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photovoltaic performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells through synergetic passivation effects via bulk and surface","authors":"Zhenbo Cao ,&nbsp;Jianming Mao ,&nbsp;Dan Lu ,&nbsp;Shoaib Iqbal ,&nbsp;Mengqi Geng ,&nbsp;Jialiang Li ,&nbsp;Le Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinrui Ma ,&nbsp;Yubin Guo ,&nbsp;Tingting Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant efficiency improvements, the long-term stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a critical challenge. Passivation treatment of perovskite films has been proven to considerably improve the performance of PSCs, including power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability. This study utilizes a small molecule 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine (5-TFMAP) with bidentate groups, in conjunction with 2-phenylethanamine iodide (PEAI), for passivating both the grain boundaries and surface of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films in carbon-based PSCs. The amino group of PEAI, the two electron rich nitrogen atoms and amino group on the pyridine ring of 5-TFMAP all have strong interactions with the under-coordinated Pb²⁺, and trifluoromethyl of 5-TFMAP can improve the hydrophobicity of perovskite films. As a result, the optimal PCE of the carbon-based PSCs after dual passivation is 15.2%, while the efficiency of the control device is 11.2%. In addition, the long-term stability of PSCs treated with dual passivation is significantly enhanced, with the PCE retaining 80% of its initial value after 1200 h of storage at room temperature under a relative humidity of approximately 35%. The remarkable performance of the as-fabricated cells can be attributed to the combined effect of PEAI and 5-TFMAP, which separately passivate the bulk and surfaces of perovskite films, effectively decreasing defect density, improving carrier transport, and reducing nonradiative recombination. This work provides valuable insights towards improving the PCE and stability of carbon-based PSCs by employing combined passivation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of photogenerated carbon dangling bonds in organic photovoltaic thin Films: An EPR study","authors":"Raghunandan B. Iyer ,&nbsp;Maurissa Higgins ,&nbsp;Katelyn Noack ,&nbsp;Joshua Wolanyk ,&nbsp;Matthew Dygert ,&nbsp;Sarah Cady ,&nbsp;Erik Dykstra ,&nbsp;Rana Biswas ,&nbsp;Ruth Shinar ,&nbsp;Joseph Shinar","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an investigation of the early kinetics of photogenerated carbon dangling bond (CDB) formation and annealing in organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin film blends under oxygen- and moisture-free conditions, using X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The study focuses on donor:acceptor BHJ blends of PCE12:PCBM and PCE12:ITIC films, where PCE12 is PBDB-T. The time evolution of CDBs in such drop-cast BHJ films irradiated at 300 nm is monitored. The early kinetics of CDB formation, critical for understanding OPV degradation mechanisms, is studied. Theoretical analysis of the defect growth mechanism suggests a monomolecular defect creation model where the defect count follows a power-law <em>t</em> ^<em>β</em> with irradiation time <em>t</em>, where <em>β</em> ∼ 0.55–0.58, in excellent agreement with the theoretically expected value of <em>β</em> = 1/2. This model is compatible with CDB formation by the holes in donor sites adjacent to acceptors, likely assisted by energy released from quenching of nearby excitons by the holes, elucidating the physical mechanism underlying CDB formation. This is significant for designing improved materials, which mitigate defect creation, and consequently advancing the development of stable OPV systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing efficiency and stability of ternary polymer solar cells by employing donor dilution and layer-by-layer fabrication techniques","authors":"Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Qiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yufa Hou ,&nbsp;Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Wenfei Shen ,&nbsp;Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing the morphology of the active layer is crucial for enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs), a key objective in organic photovoltaic research. In this study, we achieved significant improvements in active layer morphology by employing a synergistic combination of the sequential deposition method and the donor dilution strategy. In addition, a small amount of molecular acceptor was introduced as a third component into the donor layer, it was proved that the third component facilitated downward penetration of the upper layer of acceptor materials and establishing a gradient distribution of the donor-acceptor interface along the vertical direction, which enhanced both the utilization and transport efficiency of charge carriers. Moreover, the presence of the third component partially suppressed the formation of pure donor phases, further enhancing exciton dissociation and increasing charge collection efficiency. As a result, the short-circuit current density (<em>J</em>_<em>sc</em>), fill factor (<em>FF</em>), and open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em>_<em>oc</em>) of the PBQx-TF: L8-BO/BTP-eC9-based PSCs were significantly improved, and ultimately resulting in PCEs surpassding 18 %. Therefore, this work presents a valuable strategy for fabricating high-performance PSCs, offering insights into optimizing active layer morphology for improved photovoltaic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the multiplication mechanism of single-carrier transport-based multiplication-type organic photodetector","authors":"Xiaogang Chen ,&nbsp;Aohuan Shi ,&nbsp;Kailiang Bai ,&nbsp;Wenshu Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Long ,&nbsp;Yao Li ,&nbsp;Feiping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiplication-type organic photodetectors exhibit advantages such as high gain, broad spectral response, flexibility, and low cost, making them promising candidates for applications in weak light detection, biomedical imaging, wearable devices, and optical communication. To explore the multiplication mechanism of single-carrier-transport-based multiplication-type organic photodetectors, this study has fabricated electron trap-type organic photodetectors with a structure of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/Active-layer/Al using the solution spin-coating method, and the active layers(ACL) were composed of binary blends of classical systems of P3HT:PC₆₁BM (100:1, wt/wt), PBDB-T: ITIC (100:1, wt/wt), or PTB7:PC₇₁BM (100:1, wt/wt). The absorption spectra of the active layers and the external quantum efficiency of the devices were measured, and the light intensity distribution and the distribution of photogenerated charge carriers in the devices were simulated and calculated. By comparing the absorption spectra of the active layers, the external quantum efficiency of the devices, and the distribution curve of photo-generated electrons near the Al electrode, it can be concluded that the multiplication effect in the single-carrier-transport-based multiplication-type organic photodetector is explained by the quantum tunneling injection of holes into the external circuit, which is induced by charge trapped by the interface trap near the aluminum electrode. This study provides valuable insights into the multiplication mechanism of multiplication-type organic photodetectors, offering a theoretical basis for the development and fabrication of high-performance multiplication-type organic photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile additive for selective tuning of non-fullerene acceptor morphology in the active layer of organic solar cells","authors":"Denis S. Baranov ,&nbsp;Ivan A. Molchanov ,&nbsp;Natalia V. Kravets ,&nbsp;Elena S. Kobeleva ,&nbsp;Mikhail N. Uvarov ,&nbsp;Maria A. Sandzhieva ,&nbsp;Danil K. Aleshin ,&nbsp;Sergey V. Makarov ,&nbsp;Xingjian Jiang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Vladimir A. Zinov'ev ,&nbsp;Yuri V. Gatilov ,&nbsp;Aleksandr S. Sukhikh ,&nbsp;Alexander E. Kurtsevich ,&nbsp;Konstantin M. Degtyarenko ,&nbsp;Leonid V. Kulik","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2-(2-Methylphenyl)benzo[<em>b</em>]thiophene (MPBT) is synthesized and applied as volatile additive to PM6/Y6 active layer of organic solar cells, where PM6 is donor polymer, Y6 is non-fullerene acceptor. Contrary to usual solvent additives, MPBT is not removed from the active layer during spin-coating. However, due to volatility of MPBT, annealing at 120 °C allows for its complete removal from PM6/Y6 composite. Moreover, its morphology is markedly altered by MPBT, as it is evidenced by optical spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. For a thin PM6/Y6 active layer (about 70 nm) cast from chlorobenzene, the optimal concentration of MPBT is 5 wt %, relative to the solvent. Use of this additive leads to improvement of short circuit current <em>J</em>_<em>SC</em> and fill factor (FF), and consequently, to power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase. External quantum efficiency (EQE) is improved within the whole range of PM6:Y6 optical absorption (350–850 nm). Optical, X-ray diffraction, and atomic-force microscopy data confirm ordering of Y6 domains during MPBT volatilization, while morphology of PM6 domains is almost not altered. Space-charge limited current measurement evidences that electron mobility increases several times upon volatilization of MPBT from PM6:Y6 film, while hole mobility remains essentially unchanged. Surface free energy measurement confirms preferential miscibility of MPBT with Y6 component of the active layer rather than with PM6 component. Storage and operational stability of the solar cells processed with MPBT markedly increase. GIWAXS pattern of pristine Y6 film processed with MPBT show unusually high orientation ordering of Y6 crystallines with respect to the substrate. The novel approach based on intermediate donor:acceptor:additive ternary blend gives additional degree of control of active layer properties by selective tuning of the acceptor morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding of charge transport and non-linear optical responses into π-extended Carbo[n]Helicenes for organic optoelectronic applications","authors":"Vipin Kumar ,&nbsp;Simplice Koudjina ,&nbsp;Guy Y.S. Atohoun ,&nbsp;Prabhakar Chetti","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aims of this study is to investigate the charge transport and Non-Linear Optical (NLO) responses of Chen and Shen (2017), Xiao et al. (2021), Hoffmann (2014), Liégeois and Champagne (2012), Zou et al. (2021) and Wang et al. (2019) [7,9,11,13,15,17]<strong>Helicenes</strong>. The computational framework DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) methodology ties the highlights to the computational framework in analyzing the optoelectronic properties and NLO parameters of the Helicenes series. The TD-DFT calculations with same level are utilized to mimic the absorption properties from ground to excited state. The numerical ranges for absorption maxima (370–465 nm) and energy gaps (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) are clearly stated, offering precise insight into the benzene rings chiroptical succession. Ionization potential (I.P.), electron affinity (E.A.), reorganization energies (λ), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) are evaluated for the reported Helicenes. The calculated λ_h and λ_e decreases with increasing helicene size and ranges from 236 to 101 meV and 247-213 meV, respectively. The static and dynamic first and second hyperpolarizabilities connects the charge transport properties (λ_h &lt; λ_e) to the potential NLO optical responses. Hyperpolarizabilities in the order of 10⁻²⁴ to 10⁻³¹ esu, suggest these Carbo [n]Helicenes as promising candidates for advanced NLO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional heterojunction synaptic transistors based on transferred organic semiconductor crystals for superior visual adaptation","authors":"Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zunxian Yang ,&nbsp;Ye Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiajie Hong ,&nbsp;Yuting Bai ,&nbsp;Xudong Jiang ,&nbsp;Benfang Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Chen ,&nbsp;Xuanyao Song ,&nbsp;Zhezhou Fang ,&nbsp;Jinzhu Gao ,&nbsp;Zheyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Runsen Yu ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Yuan ,&nbsp;Tailiang Guo ,&nbsp;Yun Ye ,&nbsp;Yongyi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoelectronic transistors had attracted significant attention in the field of neuromorphic computing, as they integrated efficient sensing, memory, and processing capabilities into a single device. The design of multilayer heterostructures offered novel opportunities for developing multifunctional optoelectronic devices, particularly for neuromorphic optoelectronic devices that required integrated non-volatile memory and excellent optical response characteristics. TIPS-pentacene films with High-quality were successfully prepared through liquid surface growth and evaporation crystallization, and these films were further transferred to target substrates for heterostructure devices. Based on this strategy, a CsPbBr₃/PMMA/TIPS-pentacene heterojunction photoelectronics transistor was developed to overcome the limitations of traditional solution-based strategies for preparing multilayer structures. Owing to the ultra-thin and high-quality TIPS-pentacene conductive layer and its excellent interface contact with the underlying film, the composite transistor demonstrated high electrical properties, including high mobility and low subthreshold swing. It exhibited typical synaptic characteristics such as pulse-promotion facilitation (PPF). The device also delivered excellent non-volatile memory characteristics, with multi-state memory windows observed under different gate scanning ranges. Based on the strong gate modulation, the photoelectronic transistor array successfully simulated the dark and bright adaptation behaviors of the human visual system. Therefore, the preparation strategy for multifunctional photoelectronic transistors proposed in this work provided an unique perspective for the next generation of artificial neural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}