Organic Electronics最新文献

{"title":"A strategy for achieving high-performance single layer polymer photodetectors through dark current reduction using PMMA additives","authors":"Guozhen Bai ,&nbsp;Luwen Ran ,&nbsp;Xinmu Chen,&nbsp;Zilong Wang,&nbsp;Zhidong Lou,&nbsp;Yanbing Hou,&nbsp;Feng Teng,&nbsp;Yufeng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suppressing dark current density is crucial for optimizing the performance of organic photodetectors (PDs), particularly in terms of detectivity (D∗) and linear dynamic range (LDR). Organic PDs often utilize the bulk heterojunction structure of organic solar cells to significantly increase photocurrent. However, unlike solar cells, which are unaffected by dark current, photodetectors' performance is substantially limited by it. The interconnected network of bulk heterojunctions leads to a noticeable increase in dark current, thus degrading device performance. Typically, reducing dark current involves adding a modification layer or using multilayer planar heterojunctions, which effectively reduce dark current but often delay response speed and complicate manufacturing. This study presents an alternative approach by incorporating a small concentration of PMMA into single-layer polymer photodetectors, significantly reducing dark current without affecting photocurrent. For this single-layer polymer PD, an ultra-low dark current density of 1.25 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm², a high D_sh∗ of 2.74 × 10¹² Jones, an LDR of 120.5 dB, and a fast response time with 1.6 μs were achieved. The capacitance-voltage (C-V), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements revealed that the PMMA additive reduces internal defects, increases bulk resistance, optimizes phase separation, and enhances carrier transport efficiency. The improved device performances are attributed to a more efficient vertical arrangement of the donor-acceptor interface and carrier channels, thus reducing carrier recombination loss. These findings offer a new direction for fabricating high-performance single-layer photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into characteristics of blue iridium (III) pyrimidine complexes with suppressed shoulder peak emission","authors":"Mingxu Du ,&nbsp;Bo Ju ,&nbsp;Qi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three novel blue-emitting iridium (III) complexes (Ir1, Ir2 and Ir3), embedding pyrimidine group have been synthesized. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that pyrimidine complex series occupy less component of triplet ligand centered (³LC) could restrain the vibronic shoulders comparing to the pyridine series. As for Ir1, the relative intensity of shoulder in electroluminescence (EL) spectrum is ∼0.6 of the intensity for dominate peak, relevant full width at half maximum (FWHM) is merely 47 nm. Such parameter gradually zooms out from trifluoro-to monofluoro-substitution in EL spectra. Furthermore, three complexes could obtain efficient EL performance, in which, devices based on Ir3 achieve the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.9 %. In addition, the photoelectric properties of the three complexes display a certain regularity and this work indeed provides a strategy to modulate shoulder peak emission for blue phosphorescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thienothiophene and benzothiadiazole based conjugated donor-acceptor polymers; synthesis, photophysical properties and organic field effect transistor applications","authors":"Bibi Amna ,&nbsp;Recep Isci ,&nbsp;Sheida Faraji ,&nbsp;Humaira M. Siddiqi ,&nbsp;Turan Ozturk","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers (<strong>P1-P3</strong>) possessing thieno[3,2-<em>b</em>]thiophenes (TT) as donors having different functional groups and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) as an acceptor were designed and synthesized <em>via</em> palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. Their electronic and optical properties were investigated by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies and cylic voltammetry analysis. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) of the polymers were fabricated using biodegradable and environmental-friendly khaya gum as a high dielectric layer to investigate their charge transport characteristics were at low voltage. All the polymers displayed a p-type field-effect behaviour, among which alkyl chain (C₉H₁₉) substituted <strong>P2</strong> exhibited the highest average saturated hole mobility, μ_sat, 0.086 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, on/off current ratio, I_on/I_off = 1.0 × 10³, and subthreshold swing, SS, 425 mV dec⁻¹. The results presented in this work corroborate that the three novel TT-BT polymers have promising potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications, in particular, where tunability of the field-effect behaviour is essential for performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing stability in inverted polymer solar cells through accelerated xenon curing of the ZnO layer","authors":"Chih-Chien Lee ,&nbsp;Pei-Chun Ku ,&nbsp;Kasimayan Uma ,&nbsp;Hui-Chieh Lin ,&nbsp;Ssu-Yung Chung ,&nbsp;Shun-Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into the profound implications of employing an intensive xenon lamp treatment with a rapid curing method completed within 4 min, to fabricate a ZnO layer. Subsequently, we applied a coating of PM6:Y6 as the active layer and utilized MoO₃/Ag as the contact electrode, aiming to advance the efficiency of polymer solar cells (PSCs) through entirely room-temperature processes. Our investigation juxtaposes this xenon lamp treatment with the conventional hot plate method for annealing the ZnO layer, conducted at 180 °C for both 20 min and 4 min. Remarkably, our proposed xenon lamp treatment process not only promotes charge transfer but also exhibits enhancements of the lattice oxygen in the Zn-O layer. This innovative methodology of xenon treatment yields a notable increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE), achieving 14.55 %, compared to 13.71 % and 12.44 % for the ZnO layers annealed with a hot plate for 20 min and 4 min, respectively. Moreover, devices subjected to the 4-min xenon lamp treatment maintained 85 % (T₈₅) of their original Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) after enduring 500 h of one-sun aging measurement. These findings evoke optimism regarding the xenon treatment's potential to streamline the fabrication process, and provide a promising avenue for mitigating interface degradation while enhancing the stability of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretchable electronics: Advances in elastic conductive fibers for multifunctional applications","authors":"Aliakbar Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review paper provides an extensive overview of elastic conductive fibers (ECFs), highlighting their evolution, design, and applications in stretchable electronics. ECFs are versatile due to their superior mechanical properties, lightweight nature, and ease of integration, making them ideal for wearable technology, health monitoring, aerospace, and bioengineering. The paper examines how ECFs combine fiber flexibility with electronic functionality, maintaining conductivity under mechanical deformation, and explores their use in wearable electronics, soft robotics, bioelectronics, and flexible energy devices. Key challenges discussed include balancing conductivity and stretchability, with a focus on innovative materials and structural designs to enhance performance and durability. ECFs are categorized by structural design (intrinsically stretchable and non-stretchable) and conductive materials (inorganic and organic), detailing advancements in micro/nano-structured conductive fillers and specialized microstructures. Applications in electrodes, strain sensors, transmitters, and actuators are showcased. The review also addresses manufacturing challenges, advocating for cost-effective, high-performance materials, scalable production methods, and a multidisciplinary approach combining empirical research, computational models, and machine learning. The future of ECFs lies in large-scale production with consistent quality, multifunctional integration, and leveraging AI-driven models for design and manufacturing. As research advances, ECFs are set to become fundamental in modern electronic applications, emphasizing the need for continued exploration and innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton-gated organic thin-film transistors for leaky integrate-and-fire convolutional spiking neural networks","authors":"Xiang Wan ,&nbsp;Shengnan Cui ,&nbsp;Changqing Li ,&nbsp;Jie Yan ,&nbsp;Fuguo Tian ,&nbsp;Haoyang Luo ,&nbsp;Zhongzhong Luo ,&nbsp;Li Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhihao Yu ,&nbsp;Dongyoon Khim ,&nbsp;Liuyang Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Xu ,&nbsp;Huabin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial spiking neurons, integral to the functionality of spiking neural networks, are designed to mimic the information transmission via discrete spikes in biological nervous systems. Traditional approaches that necessitate the charging of capacitors and the inclusion of discharge circuits for neuron membrane potential integration and leakage, present challenges in terms of cost and space efficiency. To overcome the challenges, this work proposes a hardware leaky integrate-and-fire neuron based on organic thin-film transistors. Under the electric field, the ion dynamics in the gate electrolyte can mimic the processes of membrane potential integration, leakage, and reset in spiking neurons. The convolutional spiking neural networks composed of such organic spiking neurons achieves excellent recognition rates (∼97.26 %) on the MNIST dataset. This indicates that the organic spiking neuron has enormous potential in next-generation non-von Neumann neuromorphic computing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient green and blue emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence with 4,6-substituted dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-S,S-dioxide as electron acceptor and their electroluminescent properties","authors":"Bochen Li ,&nbsp;Ruiqin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongyan Wang ,&nbsp;Daokun Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhao Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yang ,&nbsp;Yuanhui Sun ,&nbsp;Guijiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Through attaching electron donors to the 4, 6-positions of dibenzo[<em>b</em>,<em>d</em>]thiophene-<em>S</em>,<em>S</em>-dioxide (DBTDO), three organic emitters (<strong>SO-OZ</strong>, <strong>SO-AD</strong> and <strong>SO-CZ</strong>) with D-A-D configuration have been designed and synthesized. They not only show high thermal stability with decomposition temperature (T_d) higher than 460 °C, but also exhibit photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 0.9. Despite that <strong>SO-CZ</strong> with carbazole unit as electron donor cannot furnish thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission, both <strong>SO-OZ</strong> with 10<em>H</em>-phenoxazine as electron donor and <strong>SO-AD</strong> bearing electron donor of 9,9-dimethylacridine exhibit typical TADF behaviors due to their small energy difference between S₁ and T₁ excited states (Δ<em>E</em>_ST). Critically, <strong>SO-OZ</strong> can show very fast revers intersystem crossing (RISC) process with rate constant of RISC (k_RISC) <em>ca.</em> 1.8 × 10⁶ s⁻¹. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results indicate their decent electrochemical stability by showing reversible oxidation and reduction processes. When doped into the emission layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), they can show good potential as highly efficient emitters, showing electroluminescent efficiencies of the maximum current efficiency (CE) of 53.4 cd A⁻¹, the maximum power efficiency (PE) of 52.4 lm W⁻¹ and the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.5 %. These encouraging results can provide critical information for developing highly efficient TADF emitters based on DBTDO electron acceptor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the accurate simulation of multi-resonance emitters using mixed-reference spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory","authors":"Shawana Ahmad,&nbsp;Julien Eng,&nbsp;Thomas J. Penfold","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent (MR-TADF) materials have received significant research interest owing to their potential use as emitters in high-performance Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Despite their advantages, including narrow emission spectra leading to high colour purity, several challenges remain in optimising the performance of these materials. One key issue is the typically long delayed fluorescence lifetime which arises from a large gap and weak coupling between the lowest lying singlet and triplet states. To develop high-performing materials, <em>in silico</em> design is an important step and consequently it is crucial to develop and deploy computational methods that accurately model their excited state properties. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of double excitations, which are not accounted for within the framework of Linear Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (LR-TDDFT), contributing to the poor performance of this method for these materials. Consequently, in this work, we employ Mixed-Reference Spin-Flip Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (MRSF-TDDFT) to calculate the properties of MR-TADF materials. Our findings indicate that this approach accurately predicts the excited state properties including the crucial <span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span>E<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, the energy difference between the lowest singlet (S<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) and triplet (T<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) excited states. We further use this method to explore the excited state properties of systems designed to enhance the coupling between singlet and triplet states by increasing the density of states and enhancing spin–orbit coupling through metal perturbation. The results in this work sets the foundation for computationally efficient <em>in silico</em> development high-performing MR-TADF materials within the framework of MRSF-TDDFT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566119924001496/pdfft?md5=5c17faa195ec84aebc957c763cc53cc5&pid=1-s2.0-S1566119924001496-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low amplified spontaneous emission threshold coupled with efficient electroluminescence from a solution-processable bis-stilbene-derived dye","authors":"Houlin Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhongxi Lin ,&nbsp;Xingli Zhong ,&nbsp;Guangling Bian ,&nbsp;Ling Song ,&nbsp;Hui Su","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic semiconductor lasers are immature due to material constraints. The development of high-performance organic gain media is key to enhancing device performance. Here, a new organic laser material based on carbazole-end-capped bis-stilbene (AD-BSBCz) is reported. It has excellent thermal stability and electrical properties, low amplified spontaneous radiation threshold (0.86 μJ/cm²), and good solubility for solution deposition. High-quality amorphous thin films of AD-BSBCz are easy to prepare by vapor deposition. A simplified OLED device using AD-BSBCz as the light-emitting layer can emit blue light up to 25,000 cd/m² with an external quantum efficiency of 1.99 %, demonstrating the excellent electroluminescence performance of AD-BSBCz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior stabilized α-FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24 %","authors":"Anjan Kumar ,&nbsp;Pawan Sharma ,&nbsp;Amit Ved ,&nbsp;Junainah Abd Hamid ,&nbsp;Adil Ismael Mohammed ,&nbsp;Ashish Singh ,&nbsp;Vikas Kaushik ,&nbsp;Leeth hassen jaseem","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>-Fabrication of a stabilized black phase of formamidinium triiodide perovskite film is a critical issue to warrant efficient perovskite solar cells with considerable intrinsic and external stability. To address this obstacle, the study focuses on assembling α-FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells. To realize a stabilized α-FAPbI₃, a δ-FAPbI₃ film was annealed at 150 <span><math><mrow><mo>°C</mo></mrow></math></span> at ambient air with a humidity level of 25 % to convert α-FAPbI₃. Then, this <span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>α</mi></mrow></math></span> FAPbI₃ was crushed, and some of it was added to a fresh FAPbI₃ perovskite precursor to fabricate desirable α-FAPbI₃ layers. The cost-effective method, along with the stabilization of α-FAPbI₃, showed a high ability to promote charge transfer and suppress trap transitions in the perovskite layer. The engineered perovskite solar cells recorded a considerable filling factor of 82.89 % with a champion efficiency of 24.16 %, higher than the recorded efficiency of 21.25 %. In addition, the robust stability enables the FAPbI₃ solar cells to work steadily for more than 1200 h under simulated sunlight irradiance with just an 8 % loss in their performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 107143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}