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Current Protocols in Microbiology最新文献

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A Mouse Model of Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Infection 食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染小鼠模型的建立
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc09b03s31
Elsa N. Bou Ghanem, Tanya Myers-Morales, Sarah E.F. D'Orazio
{"title":"A Mouse Model of Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Infection","authors":"Elsa N. Bou Ghanem,&nbsp;Tanya Myers-Morales,&nbsp;Sarah E.F. D'Orazio","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc09b03s31","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc09b03s31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> causes foodborne disease in humans that ranges in severity from mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis to life-threatening systemic infections of the blood, brain, or placenta. The most commonly used animal model of listeriosis is intravenous infection of mice. This systemic model is highly reproducible, and thus, useful for studying cell-mediated immune responses against an intracellular bacterial pathogen, but it completely bypasses the gastrointestinal phase of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> infection. Intragastric inoculation of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> produces more variable results and may cause direct bloodstream invasion in some animals. The foodborne transmission model described here does not require specialized skills to perform and results in infections that more closely mimic human disease. This natural feeding model can be used to study both the host- and pathogen-derived factors that govern susceptibility or resistance to orally acquired <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 31:9B.3.1-9B.3.16. © 2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32100969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Genetic Manipulation of Streptococcus pyogenes (The Group A Streptococcus, GAS) 化脓性链球菌(A群链球菌，GAS)的遗传操作
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d03s30
Yoann Le Breton, Kevin S. McIver
{"title":"Genetic Manipulation of Streptococcus pyogenes (The Group A Streptococcus, GAS)","authors":"Yoann Le Breton,&nbsp;Kevin S. McIver","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d03s30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d03s30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (the Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from mild superficial infections (pharyngitis, impetigo) to severe, often life-threatening invasive diseases (necrotizing fasciitis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome) in humans. This unit describes molecular techniques for the genetic manipulation of <i>S. pyogenes</i> with detailed protocols for transformation, gene disruption, allelic exchange, transposon mutagenesis, and genetic complementation. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 30:9D.3.1-9D.3.29. © 2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d03s30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32101761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Care and Handling of Laboratory Mice 实验室小鼠的护理和处理
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mca03ns31
John Donovan, Patricia Brown
{"title":"Care and Handling of Laboratory Mice","authors":"John Donovan,&nbsp;Patricia Brown","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mca03ns31","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mca03ns31","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The importance of laboratory mice in experimental microbiology and biomedical research is indisputable, and their care and handling is a contributing factor to the quality of the science resulting from their use. This unit provides guidelines for practical housing, handling, and the methodology for sample collection to ensure animal health and minimize variable experimental parameters. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 31:A.3N.1-A.3N.18. © 2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mca03ns31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32101343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Human Norovirus Detection and Production, Quantification, and Storage of Virus-Like Particles 人诺如病毒的检测及病毒样颗粒的生产、定量和储存
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc15k01s31
Kari Debbink, Veronica Costantini, Jesica Swanstrom, Sudhakar Agnihothram, Jan Vinjé, Ralph Baric, Lisa Lindesmith
{"title":"Human Norovirus Detection and Production, Quantification, and Storage of Virus-Like Particles","authors":"Kari Debbink,&nbsp;Veronica Costantini,&nbsp;Jesica Swanstrom,&nbsp;Sudhakar Agnihothram,&nbsp;Jan Vinjé,&nbsp;Ralph Baric,&nbsp;Lisa Lindesmith","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc15k01s31","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc15k01s31","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human noroviruses constitute a significant worldwide disease burden. Each year, noroviruses cause over 267 million infections, deaths in over 200,000 children under the age of five, and over 50% of U.S. food-borne illness. Due to the absence of a tissue culture model or small animal model to study human norovirus, virus-like particles (VLPs) and ELISA-based biological assays have been used to answer questions about norovirus evolution and immunity as well to provide a potential vaccine platform. This chapter outlines the protocols for norovirus detection in stool, as well as norovirus VLP design, production, purification, and storage using a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE)–based virus replicon particle (VRP) expression system. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 31:15K.1.1-15K.1.45. © 2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mc15k01s31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32100966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Laboratory Growth and Maintenance of Streptococcus pyogenes (The Group A Streptococcus, GAS) 化脓性链球菌(A群链球菌，GAS)的实验室生长与维持
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d02s30
Kanika Gera, Kevin S. McIver
{"title":"Laboratory Growth and Maintenance of Streptococcus pyogenes (The Group A Streptococcus, GAS)","authors":"Kanika Gera,&nbsp;Kevin S. McIver","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d02s30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d02s30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> is a Gram-positive bacterium that strictly infects humans. It is the causative agent of a broad spectrum of diseases accounting for millions of infections and at least 517,000 deaths each year worldwide. It is a nutritionally fastidious organism that ferments sugars to produce lactic acid and has strict requirements for growth. To aid in the study of this organism, this unit describes the growth and maintenance of <i>S. pyogenes</i>. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 30:9D.2.1-9D.2.13. © 2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mc09d02s30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32101759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
DNA Immunization DNA免疫
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc1803s31
Shixia Wang, Shan Lu
{"title":"DNA Immunization","authors":"Shixia Wang,&nbsp;Shan Lu","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc1803s31","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc1803s31","url":null,"abstract":"<p>DNA immunization was discovered in early 1990s, and its use has been expanded from vaccine studies to a broader range of biomedical research areas, such as the generation of high-quality polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as research reagents. In this unit, three common DNA immunization methods are described: needle injection, electroporation, and gene gun. In addition, several common considerations related to DNA immunization are discussed. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 31:18.3.1-18.3.24. ©2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mc1803s31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32100967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
RNA Structure Analysis of Viruses Using SHAPE 利用SHAPE分析病毒RNA结构
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc15h03s30
Cecily P. Burrill, Raul Andino
{"title":"RNA Structure Analysis of Viruses Using SHAPE","authors":"Cecily P. Burrill,&nbsp;Raul Andino","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc15h03s30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc15h03s30","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selective 2′ hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) provides a means to investigate RNA structure with better resolution and higher throughput than has been possible with traditional methods. We present several protocols, which are based on a variety of previously published methods and were adapted and optimized for the analysis of poliovirus RNA in the Andino laboratory. These include methods for nondenaturing RNA extraction, RNA modification and primer extension, and data processing in ShapeFinder. <i>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol</i>. 30:15H.3.1-15H.3.12. © 2013 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mc15h03s30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32101757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Investigation of Viral and Host Chromatin by ChIP-PCR or ChIP-Seq Analysis 用ChIP-PCR或ChIP-Seq分析研究病毒和宿主染色质
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc01e10s40
Thomas Günther, Juliane M. Theiss, Nicole Fischer, Adam Grundhoff
{"title":"Investigation of Viral and Host Chromatin by ChIP-PCR or ChIP-Seq Analysis","authors":"Thomas Günther,&nbsp;Juliane M. Theiss,&nbsp;Nicole Fischer,&nbsp;Adam Grundhoff","doi":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc01e10s40","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780471729259.mc01e10s40","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complex regulation of viral transcription patterns and DNA replication levels is a feature of many DNA viruses. This is especially true for those viruses which establish latent or persistent infections (e.g., herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, or adenovirus), as long-term persistence often requires adaptation of gene expression programs and/or replication levels to the cellular milieu. A key factor in the control of such processes is the establishment of a specific chromatin state on promoters or replication origins, which in turn will determine whether or not the underlying DNA is accessible for other factors that mediate downstream processes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technique to investigate viral chromatin, in particular to study binding patterns of modified histones, transcription factors or other DNA-/chromatin-binding proteins that regulate the viral lifecycle. Here, we provide protocols that are suitable for performing ChIP-PCR and ChIP-Seq studies on chromatin of large and small viral genomes.© 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780471729259.mc01e10s40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50694204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Zika Virus: Quantification, Propagation, Detection, and Storage 寨卡病毒:量化、传播、检测和储存
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.19
Darrell S. Agbulos, Larissa Barelli, Bryan V. Giordano, Fiona F. Hunter
{"title":"Zika Virus: Quantification, Propagation, Detection, and Storage","authors":"Darrell S. Agbulos,&nbsp;Larissa Barelli,&nbsp;Bryan V. Giordano,&nbsp;Fiona F. Hunter","doi":"10.1002/cpmc.19","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpmc.19","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zika virus (ZIKV), belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus <i>Flavivirus</i>, is an arthropod-borne virus that was first discovered from the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947. Recent outbreaks in South America have linked ZIKV to cases of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. With the increased interest in ZIKV, protocols must be established to facilitate proper research. Here we describe the laboratory techniques required to quantify, propagate, and store ZIVK. We also review the proper safety protocol for the handling of ZIKV, which is classified as a Biosafety Level 2 pathogen by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. © 2016 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmc.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50901417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Leptospira: Molecular Detection of Pathogenic Species in Natural Sources. 钩端螺旋体:天然来源致病性物种的分子检测。
Current Protocols in Microbiology Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.43
Brittney Beigel, Ashutosh Verma
{"title":"Leptospira: Molecular Detection of Pathogenic Species in Natural Sources.","authors":"Brittney Beigel,&nbsp;Ashutosh Verma","doi":"10.1002/cpmc.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpmc.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This protocol describes a method for the rapid detection of leptospiral DNA in environmental water. In summary, the DNA is extracted from water samples and tested in a TaqMan-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the presence of lipl32, a gene that is present only in pathogenic Leptospira spp. The gene target used in this assay is important in that it only detects pathogenic leptospires and not the saprophytic leptospires that may be present in environmental samples. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":39967,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmc.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35537914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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