Prace i Studia Geograficzne最新文献

{"title":"Regiony dendroklimatyczne modrzewia europejskiego (Larix decidua Mill.) w Polsce","authors":"N. Szymański, S. Wilczyński","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.016.17117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.016.17117","url":null,"abstract":"Dendroclimatic regions of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) in Poland\u0000\u0000The purpose of the study was to determine the dendroclimatic regions in Poland, based on the analysis of the similarity of the annual growth rhythm of trees of 19 European larch populations, which is the reaction of trees to the pressure of the climatic factor. Treering widths were taken as a measure of this reaction. For each population (site), a mean treering chronology was created that covered the period 1957–2016. Its values were converted into incremental indices. Then, 19 indexed chronologies were included in the principal component analysis (PCA) to identify their common features and group them. As a result, three dendroclimatic regions were distinguished, which coincide with the area of lowlands (Pojezierze Południowobałtyckie and Niziny Środkowopolskie), uplands (Wyżyna Krakowsko- -Częstochowska and Wyżyna Małopolska) and mountain areas (the Sudetes and the Western Carpathians). To identify climatic elements that had a significant impact on the size of the radial growth of larch in the dendroclimatic regions, the values of the main components (PC1, PC2, PC3) were correlated with the climatic parameters. Analogously, these analyzes were performed for three regional chronologies which were created by averaging the site indexed chronologies for a given region (group). The size of radial increments of all larch populations was found to be positively affected by low temperature and high rainfall in September in the year preceding growth, as well as high temperature in March and May and high rainfall in July in the year of ring formation. In turn, the high temperature in November of the previous year had a positive effect on the growth of larches growing in the lowlands and uplands and had a negative effect on the growth of larches in the mountains. High temperature and low rainfall in June had a positive effect on the growth of larches from the mountains, compared to those from the lowlands and uplands. Low temperature and high rainfall in October in the previous year and high rainfall in May in the year of ring deposition had a positive effect on the growth of larches in the uplands.\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: Celem pracy było wyznaczenie regionów dendroklimatycznych na obszarze Polski na podstawie analizy podobieństwa corocznego rytmu przyrostowego drzew 19 populacji modrzewia europejskiego, będącego reakcją przyrostową drzew na presję czynnika klimatycznego. Za miarę tej reakcji przyjęto szerokości tworzonych przez drzewa słojów drewna. Dla każdej populacji stworzono stanowiskową chronologię szerokości słojów obejmującą okres 1957–2016. Jej wartości przeliczono na indeksy przyrostowe. Następnie 19 stanowiskowych chronologii indeksowanych włączono do analizy głównych składowych (PCA) w celu zidentyfikowania ich wspólnych cech i pogrupowania. W rezultacie wyróżniono trzy regiony dendroklimatyczne, które pokrywają się z obszarem nizin (Pojezierzy Południowobałtyckich i Nizin Środko","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74269802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wpływ pokrycia terenu oraz jego zmian na rozmieszczenie stanowisk bobra europejskiego w Magurskim Parku Narodowym","authors":"P. Szubert, Piotr Wacławczyk","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.015.17116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.015.17116","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of land cover and its changes on European Beaver emplacement in the Magura National Park\u0000\u0000Reintroduction of the European beaver (Castor fiber) in the Beskid Niski started in the 1980s. The increase in the beaver population coincided with the systemic, social and economic changes that took place both in the Beskid Niski and in the entire Poland. In the case of the Magurski National Park, they are part of a longer series of events of the twentieth century, related to intensive warfare and population exchange in this area. As a result, the structure of land use, as an effect of human impact on the natural environment, has undergone significant changes. The article attempts to assess the impact of changes in land cover on the European beaver population in Magura National Park. Particular attention was paid to the changes that take place in the immediate vicinity of the beaver sites. The intensity of land cover transformations within its impact zone was compared with changes that occur in other areas of the park, including those made by humans. The results of field surveys carried out in 1996, 2010 and 2021 were used in the research. Until 2019, information was obtained through segmentation and classification of orthophotos. The Mask R-CNN deep learning model and machine learning algorithms were used to extract information from cartographic materials. In the Magurski National Park area, from the 1980s to the present, there has been an increase in the number of beavers; the forest area and the density of buildings also increased, with a simultaneous decrease in the field and grassland area, as well as the density of the road network. During this period, beavers living in the study area showed a tendency to abandon their positions at the bottom of large river valleys near human habitations, in favour of inhabiting higher-lying areas, more distant from human activity zones. Currently, beavers inhabit the areas of abandoned Lemko villages and adjacent forests in the south of the national park. It is difficult to determine and requires further research whether the described change in the location of the beaver habitat results from the beaver’s desire to avoid humans or from other environmental conditions.\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: Działania zmierzające do reintrodukcji bobra europejskiego (Castor fiber) w Beskidzie Niskim zaczęto podejmować w latach 80. XX w. Zwiększanie się populacji bobra zbiegło się w czasie ze zmianami ustrojowymi, społecznymi oraz ekonomicznymi, które miały miejsce zarówno na obszarze Beskidu Niskiego, jak i całej Polski. W przypadku Magurskiego Parku Narodowego wpisują się one w dłuższy ciąg wydarzeń XX w., związanych z intensywnymi działaniami wojennymi oraz wymianą ludności na tym obszarze. W ich wyniku struktura użytkowania ziemi, będąca wynikiem oddziaływania człowieka na środowisko naturalne, poddana została znaczącym zmianom. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny wpływu zmian pokrycia terenu na populację bobra europejskiego w Magurskim P","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86394326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Możliwości identyfikacji reliktów wyludnionych wiejskich jednostek osadniczych i przekształceń zachodzących w ich obrębie w świetle nieinwazyjnych metod i technik badawczych – studium wsi Bartki z terenu dawnych Prus Wschodnich","authors":"Anna Majewska","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.014.17115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.014.17115","url":null,"abstract":"Possibilities of identifying the relics and transformations of depopulated settlement units in the light of non-invasive research methods and techniques – the case study of Bartki village from the area of former East Prussia \u0000\u0000The article tackles the issue of the identification of relics and type of transformations in the rural cultural landscape of Warmia and Masuria, which took place as a result of the depopulation of localities due to the course and consequences of World War II. The incorporation of the southern part of East Prussia into Poland in 1945 initiated a number of social, economic, and cultural changes. Above all, the region was affected by huge migratory movements. These started with the hurried escape of the local civilian population fleeing from the Red Army that conquered the area in the winter of 1944–1945. Subsequently, the displacement of the German people and the unstable political situation that made it difficult to maintain habitation contributed to the depopulation of hundreds of villages, manor houses, foresters’ lodges, and small settlements. Today, in Poland’s incorporated part of former East Prussia, there are about 788 abandoned localities. The extent to which the rural landscape has changed as a result of the total depopulation of hundreds of settlement units has not yet been determined. The purpose of the research was to diagnose the processes that occurred in the material structure of the landscape of Warmia and Masuria after the continuity of habitation had been interrupted, based on data collected due to on-site prospections, searches, and spatial analyses. The elaboration presents possibilities for identifying transformations that occur after depopulation on the basis of the results of multifaceted spatial analyses carried out with the use of GIS tools. Particularly noteworthy is the use of detailed elevation data obtained from airborne laser scanning, which data largely condition not only identification of surface relics but also the degree of degradation of rural structures. The issues concerning the diagnosis of transformations are discussed using, as an example, the study of one of the depopulated localities – Bartki – a former settlement that lies in Olecko County (Warmia-Masuria Province).\u0000\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: W artykule podjęto problematykę identyfikacji reliktów osadniczych oraz rodzajów przekształceń wiejskiego krajobrazu kulturowego Warmii i Mazur, będących efektem wyludnienia się miejscowości w wyniku przebiegu i następstw II wojny światowej. Przyłączenie południowej części Prus Wschodnich do Polski w 1945 r. zapoczątkowało szereg zmian społecznych, gospodarczych i kulturowych. Przede wszystkim region został dotknięty ogromnymi ruchami migracyjnymi. Zapoczątkowała je pospieszna ucieczka miejscowej ludności cywilnej przed Armią Czerwoną, która zajmowała te tereny zimą 1944–1945. Następnie, wysiedlenia ludności niemieckiej oraz niestabilna sytuacja polityczna, utrudniająca utrzymanie stałego osadnictwa, przy","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89544969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Budownictwo mieszkalne w Sahelu jako element systemu społeczno-przyrodniczego. Kierunki adaptacji do zmian","authors":"S. Kulczyk, Marek Kulczyk","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the current patterns and trends of changes in the housing of the Sahel. A house and a way it is constructed connects social and ecological systems. The paper describes how traditional construction and material solutions are adapted to the changing needs of users. It highlights that maintaining connectivity with the local natural system promotes sustainable housing.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89408094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne pozarządowej pomocy rozwojowej świadczonej na Madagaskarze","authors":"Małgorzata Klein","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.22.012.17113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.22.012.17113","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial differentiation of non-governmental aid provided in Madagascar\u0000\u0000This paper assesses the correlation, if any, between the presence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and improvements in quality of life in the regions of Madagascar. The research work involved several stages. First, a database of NGO activity in 2015–2019 was compiled. This included both secular NGOs and aid projects run by missionary centers. Second, 648 locations of where these entities were active were identified and superposed on the maps of the 2015–2019 Human Development Index changes in the various regions. Spatial analyses did not show any relationship between non-governmental aid and quality of life. The southern regions were especially interesting. This is where environmental conditions have been least favorable historically and where the HDI (notably in the Atsimo-Andrefana region) recorded a significant decrease in the analyzed years (despite substantial NGO activity).\u0000\u0000Zarys treści: Celem omawianych badań jest sprawdzenie, czy istnieje związek między poziomem obiektywnej jakości życia w regionach Madagaskaru a obecnością na ich obszarze pozarządowej pomocy rozwojowej. Prace obejmowały kilka etapów. W pierwszej kolejności opracowano bazy danych zawierające informacje o projektach, które prowadzone były w latach 2015–2019 w ramach pozarządowej pomocy rozwojowej (to jest pomocy pochodzącej od organizacji pozarządowych i placówek misyjnych prowadzących działalność pomocową). Następnie dokładne lokalizacje projektów (648) naniesione zostały na mapy, prezentujące zmiany poziomu obiektywnej jakości życia (wyrażonej za pomocą wskaźnika rozwoju społecznego, HDI) w regionach. Analiza przestrzenna nie wykazała związku między obecnością pozarządowej pomocy rozwojowej a poziomem obiektywnej jakości życia. Uwagę przykuwa sytuacja południowych regionów, w których warunki środowiskowe są najtrudniejsze, i gdzie, szczególnie w regionie Atsimo-Andrefana, wskaźnik rozwoju społecznego odnotował w badanych latach wyraźny spadek (mimo stosunkowo dużej obecności pozarządowej pomocy rozwojowej na tych terenach).","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89125452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relacje niemiecko-namibijskie jako przykład stosunków specjalnych","authors":"P. Obszarski","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article is focused on the issue of bilateral relations, using the concept found in the study of international relations, which is special relations. The shape of German-Namibian relations is discussed, taking into account the special place that the Republic of Namibia holds in the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany. For this purpose, the theoretical approach to the concept of special relations, the historical background of the relationship, as well as its contemporary shape are presented. The article presents arguments in favor of the thesis that Namibian-German relations can be described as special relations.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88348458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Przemiany gospodarcze i społeczne wyspy Rodrigues (Ocean Indyjski) od zasiedlenia do współczesności","authors":"M. Jędrusik","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-07","url":null,"abstract":"The article periodizes the economic and social development of the island of Rodrigues since its settlement. Important conditions of development and ongoing changes in the context of the concept of sustainable development were presented. The fate of the island is a good example of the sensitivity of island environments and the irreversibility of destruction carried out in isolation from the principles of sustainable development and attempts to restore the state of equilibrium. Almost the entire land area was completely transformed and exploited during two centuries of settlement, despite the small population. A lagoon with a large area, strongly biodiverse remained rich. The depletion of resources has led the population and local authorities to change their development strategy, also thanks to Rodrigues’ autonomous status. Attempts have been made to implement sustainability. The small area of the island and its remoteness further stimulates the rate of this balancing. Rodrigues has become a base for sustainable tourism. Tourist traffic and accommodation base are growing slowly.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87818282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound, location, township, komboni… – ślady dziedzictwa kolonializmu w strukturze przestrzennej współczesnych miast Afryki Południowej","authors":"A. Kowalczyk","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article concerns the remains of the colonial heritage in the cities of sub-Saharan Africa. Although most African countries have been independent for several decades ago, in many cities and towns the general spatial structure is the same as in colonial times. This applies to cities and towns in the south part of Africa that were shaped by the apartheid system. The article discusses this problem on the example of the capital of Namibia, Windhoek.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84142029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dismantling colonial monuments in African cities - the example of Bissau. Is an empty plinth still a monument?","authors":"Krzysztof Górny, Ada Górna","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the fate of colonial monuments in Africa during the post-colonial period, especially the monuments that the Portuguese erected in Bissau in West Africa. The discussion is preceded by a detailed analysis of the sources that describe the iconoclasm of colonial monuments in selected African cities and a thorough description of the field studies conducted by the authors in Guinea-Bissau in 2020. As new African states replaced former colonies, the removal of European monuments in their capitals became a widely discussed topic. Some expressly political colonial monuments were removed at the time of formal decolonization, others have fallen down over the years, and yet others still stand. What distinguishes Bissau from every other postcolonial capital in Africa is that, while all its colonial monuments were dismantled after 1973, most of the plinths on which they stood have remained. These empty plinths are a symbol of decolonization – sui generis monuments of dismantled monuments. They speak volumes about the nature of the transformations that have taken place in recent decades. The new way of commemorating people and events in the symbolic and political landscape of Bissau, viz. murals created on the grassroots initiatives of young Bissau-Guineans, is also examined.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89234052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Między buntem, społeczną misją a produktem turystycznym. Umoja - osada kobiet (Kenia)","authors":"Justyna Kępska, T. Kępski","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-03","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional African pastoral tribes face the challenge of new phenomena of social character. In this article, the authors discuss the case of Umoja - the ‘only women’s village’ in Samburu County (Kenya) and the life situation of its residents (women, children). Informal interviews and in situ observations conducted in October 2021 as well as the relevant publications, were the main sources of information on the functioning of this women-only settlement. The socio-cultural phenomenon of Umoja combines two dilemmas: the first concerns the life of Umoja residents, the need to provide them with living conditions and personal development (education, health), and the second reveals the participation of the village’s activities in the idea of women’s emancipation and empowerment through the development of contacts of Umoja women with the ‘outside world’. Although transformation of Umoja daily life into a tourist product (commodification) provides its residents with the means of income, the Umoja women’s resistance act to the status of women in the Samburu community aims at a change in values in this traditional tribal culture.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80784131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}