Prace i Studia Geograficzne最新文献

{"title":"Ekstrema ciepła w zmieniającym się klimacie Europy: definicje, przyczyny, tendencje, skutki","authors":"A. Sulikowska, A. Wypych","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.23.004.17492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.23.004.17492","url":null,"abstract":"Hot or warm extremes are days with exceptionally high air temperatures in a given place and/or season. They may have significant impacts on human health and life, the natural environment, and the economy. The global rise in near-surface air temperatures translates into increases in the frequency, intensity, and duration of such events, which contributes to the intensive development of research on them. This review aims to summarize the state of knowledge of hot and warm extremes in Europe, with a special focus on their definitions, physical drivers and impacts, long-term variability and trends. The study demonstrates that research on temperature extremes is making remarkable progress, but there are still issues to be explored to understand these complex events.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91007503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zmiany wilgotności powietrza w Łodzi w latach 1966–2020 w świetle wybranych wskaźników","authors":"J. Wibig, Ewelina Krawczyk","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.23.002.17490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.23.002.17490","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to present changes in air humidity in central Poland in the years 1966–2000 in Łódź as an example. The values of air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure from four observation terms, 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC, were used. On this basis, the saturated vapour pressure, the current vapour pressure, and the saturation deficit were calculated. Then, the variability of these three indicators and relative humidity was examined. The variability of monthly and seasonal average values of humidity indices in four observation periods was presented, the trends in seasonal variability of humidity indices were calculated and the distribution functions of their distributions were compared in the midday period in three 15-year periods: 1966–1980, 1986–2000 and 2006–2020. It has been shown that the pressure of saturated water vapour is the highest in summer, the lowest in winter, and slightly higher in spring than in autumn at all times, except for the night. It increased significantly in the studied period as a result of the increase in air temperature. A comparison of the distributions in three 15-year periods shows a significant increase in the probability of occurrence of high values of saturation vapour pressure, even above 30hPa. The water vapour pressure in the air is highest in summer and lowest in winter, but in spring it is lower than in autumn. All trend coefficients are positive, but only less than half are statistically significant. A comparison of the distributions over three 15-year periods show a slight increase in the probability of higher values of the actual vapour pressure. The saturation deficit, as the difference between the previous two indicators, increases significantly. Its value in spring is significantly higher than in autumn. The trend is positive, especially in spring and summer, and the comparison of distributions shows that in the last 15 years the probability of high values of saturation deficit increased significantly. The course of relative humidity is the opposite of saturation deficit. In autumn, the relative humidity is definitely higher than in spring. The trend is down. To sum up, warming brings an increase in the capacity of the atmosphere for water vapour, a slight increase in the amount of water vapour in the air, but also a significant increase in saturation deficit and a decrease in relative humidity, which is particularly strong in spring in the first half of the growing season.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90201961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charakterystyka okresu wegetacyjnego w Lasach Doświadczalnych SGGW w Rogowie w latach 1951–2020","authors":"L. Chojnacka-Ożga, Wojciech Ożga","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.23.003.17491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.23.003.17491","url":null,"abstract":"The growing season length indices derived from air temperature are frequently used in climate monitoring applications as well as to predict the response of forest ecosystems to climate change. The indicator most widely used in the studies of forest ecosystems is the length of the thermal growing season (temp ≥5°C), less commonly the parameters of the forest growing season (temp ≥10°C). However, only a few studies used long-term series of temperature measurements in the forest. In this article, we determined the temporal changes in the parameters of the thermal (TGS) and forest (FGS) growing season in the Experimental Forests of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Rogów (51o40’N, 19o55’E, h = 194 m MSL) in the years 1951–2020. The analysis is based on the dataset (daily mean air temperature) obtained from a meteorological station located near the forest complex and from a forest under-canopy station located in a more than 120-year-old fresh mixed forest. The results show a significant extension of the growing season in 1951–2020, the TGS lasted on average 2.8 days/10 years, and the FGS 2.4 days/10 years. The extension of the TGS and FGS was a consequence of both its earlier start and later end. The start of the TGS was characterized by a statistically significant negative trend (1.3 days/10 years), and most changes were characteristic for the last three decades (4.4 days/10 years). The last 30 years were also characterized by a statistically significant trend towards the later end of the TGS. The TGS in 1991–2020 was longer than in 1951–1980 and 1971–2000 by 9 days, while in 1981–2010 by 5 days. Changes in the length of the TGS resulted primarily from its earlier beginning: in the multi-year period 1991–2020, the TGS started 7 days earlier than in 1951–1980. In the case of the FGS, these changes were weaker, although there was a statistically significant negative trend in the start dates and a positive trend in the FGS length. The FGS started almost a month later than the TGS (average on April 28) and ended 4 weeks earlier (average on October 5) and lasted 160 days. TGS in the forest was shorter than outside the forest by 3 days, and FGS by 1 day. The acceleration of the beginning of TGS during the last three decades was faster than the beginning of the frost-free period, indicating a possible increase in vegetation exposure to spring frost. This may pose a threat to the development of plants in the first phase of vegetation.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78630445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niestacjonarność przebiegu temperatury powietrza nad obszarem Europy – zmiana reżimu termicznego w Europie w latach 1987–1989 i jej przyczyny","authors":"A. Marsz, A. Styszyńska","doi":"10.4467/20833113pg.23.001.17489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833113pg.23.001.17489","url":null,"abstract":"The study discusses changes in the average annual air temperature over Europe in the years 1931–2020. The results of the research show that in 1987–1989, there was a sudden change in the thermal regime over Europe and a discontinuity appeared in the course of this climatic element. In the years 1931–1988, despite the high inter-annual variability, the temperature trend was zero. A positive, statistically significant, temperature trend appeared after 1988. The entire warming in Europe, which can be estimated at ~2.3 deg, occurred after 1988. The discontinuity in the course was caused by an abrupt change in macro-circulation conditions in the Atlantic-Eurasian circulation sector, which manifests itself as a fundamental change in the frequency of the macrotypes of the mid-tropospheric circulation (500 hPa) according to the Wangengejm-Girs classification, causing an equally fundamental change in the weather structure. The change in macro-circulation conditions was forced by a change in the thermal state of the North Atlantic – a sharp increase in the intensity of oceanic heat transport to the north. The analysis showed that the annual variability of temperature over Europe was mainly influenced by natural processes, the variability of which explains ~65% of its variance. Radiative forcing, which is a function of anthropogenic increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, explains only 7–8% of the variability of the average annual temperature over Europe, being a secondary or tertiary factor in shaping its changes.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73696374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem of food waste based on a survey among young citizens in Poznań at household level","authors":"Milena Zięba","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-05","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste has a negative impact on people around the world, affecting the economy, environment, and society. Recognized as an international problem, much effort has been taken to identify goals and potential measures to reduce waste at every stage of the supply chain, both domestically and globally. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among young adult residents (aged 18–25) of Poznań, a city with a population of over 500,000, with the aim of identifying the reasons for food waste by consumers, exploring methods to reduce it, and determining the level of public awareness of the issue and its consequences at household-level. The study found that consumers have difficulty purchasing adequate amounts of food and tend to prepare excessively large portions. The results provide valuable information for local governments, municipal authorities, companies, shops, schools, and other institutions that can use it to organize educational and informational campaigns targeted at consumers.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73771548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of metro’s influence on the primary housing market in Warsaw, Poland","authors":"Jakub Kuśmierz, M. Dąbski, Magdalena Fuhrmann","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-01","url":null,"abstract":"Residential real estate prices vary significantly, being susceptible to numerous components. One of the most contributing factors is thought to be the proximity of an underground train (metro) station. Classically, the relationship between housing prices and distance to a metro station is measured by a hedonic model. This paper presents a new method to study such a relationship, and it is a new composite index - Metro Station Proximity Effect Estimator (MSPEE), which allows looking at differences between not only metro stations but also the city districts. The MSPEE index was calculated as a mean of a set of sub-indicators, assembled as variables determining the final value of the composite indicator. Through the MSPEE index as well as more traditional methods, the paper suggests and illustrates a generally strong negative correlation between the proximity of Metro and apartment prices. Moreover, the study lists and describes exceptions to the trend around Warsaw.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83353888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analiza zmian zagospodarowania osiedla Kozanów we Wrocławiu w latach 1934–2020 na podstawie wybranych źródeł kartograficznych","authors":"Iga Ajdacka, I. Karsznia","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to conduct the analysis covering the area of Kozanów neighborhood before and after the occurrence of the commonly named “Millennium flood” in 1997. The scope of the work included the analysis of four time states presented on old maps from 1934, 1979 and 1997 and a fragment of the OpenStreetMap database (OSM) current for 2020. The research included quantitative analyses, consisting of comparing all feature classes among the analyzed time states, as well as qualitative analyses, relating to the detailed characteristics of the maps and the OSM database. In order to ensure the comparability of all types of land use, old maps were georeferenced, and then the data contained on the maps were vectorized, which allowed to obtain a universal vector database for all tested time states. This enabled the design of maps of the Kozanów neighborhood for individual years and maps of changes presenting quantitative changes by feature classes. The output maps show an increase in the area of buildings and length of roads as well as a decrease of green areas and wastelands. The results of the work allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the severe negative effects of the flood that occurred in this neighborhood and the evaluation of the use of the OSM database in such analyses.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wybrane elementy poziomu i jakości życia ludności obwodu wołyńskiego: diagnoza stanu","authors":"Myroslava Petrovska, Viktoriya Pantyley","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-04","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the level and quality of life, especially in cross-border regions, is one of the current research problems, bearing in mind the pursuit of socio-economic convergence. One of these regions with relatively little knowledge about the situation is the Volyn Oblast (Ukraine), which borders directly on the EU (Poland). Therefore, the main goal of the research is to diagnose the level and quality of life of the population, considering statistical measures and materials of field study. The results of the research indicate that the standard of living of the Volyn Oblast could be estimated as low in comparison with average values for Ukraine as well as in the light of selected measures of stimulants and de-stimulants. The obtained results were also confirmed by field research in randomly selected administrative units of the region.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82761159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polityka pamięci na polsko-ukraińskim pograniczu kulturowym na przykładzie nazewnictwa ulic trzech miast Galicji Wschodniej","authors":"M. Szczepańska, J. Szczepański","doi":"10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.4-03","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the authors have attempted to juxtapose two historical periods in the context of the variability of street naming in the cities of Eastern Galicia, which is a cultural borderland. The analysis includes cities – Boryslav, Kolomyia and Drohobych, during the Polish (1919-1939) and Ukrainian (from 1991) administrations. The research results are the findings of comparative analyses of the studied towns’ urbanonymy, with a description of them, supplemented by cartographic studies. On the basis of these, it was concluded that both the former Polish and the current Ukrainian policy of memory often use the same mechanisms of ideological space appropriation, forming and deepening the historical narrative of a given nation.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88262111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ekonomiczne, społeczne i geopolityczne uwarunkowania ruchu granicznego = Economic, social and geopolitical conditioning of the cross-border traffic","authors":"Tomasz Komornicki, Rafał Wiśniewski, Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda, Dorota Ciołek","doi":"10.7163/9788395452529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/9788395452529","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the present monograph is to determine the causes and to obtain the model-based generalization of the long-term variability as to the magnitude and structure of the traffic of persons across the boundaries of Poland, in dependence upon the economic, social and geopolitical variables, as well as those associated with the development of infrastructure. This primary objective was achieved through realization of the partial objectives, having complementary cognitive, methodological, theoretical, and also to some extent applied character. The partial objectives were constituted by: — assessment of trends in cross-border traffic (magnitudes and structures) in the years 1990‑2020 based on the observed data, acquired from the Border Guards (in the division into Schengen boundaries – analysis for the years 1990‑2007, and the eastern boundary – analysis for the years 1990‑2020); — assessment of dependence between, on the one hand, the trends in the magnitude and structure of the cross-border traffic, and, on the other hand, the variables, representing the economic, social, geopolitical and infrastructural development situation in Poland and in the neighboring countries, as well as the variables illustrating the intensity of the transboundary socio-economic interactions; — assessment of changes in the international mobility of Poles; — development of a formalized model of changes in cross-border traffic as dependent upon the variables considered; — identification and conceptualization of the observed transformations in the international spatial mobility; — formulation of the theoretical generalizations, explaining the variability in the intensity and structure of the cross-border traffic and their relations to the existing body of knowledge in this domain.","PeriodicalId":39943,"journal":{"name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}