Etudes Rurales最新文献_第10页

Le centre de la terre 土地中心

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.16699

M. Wynands

引用次数: 1

Christelle Pineau, La corne de vache et le microscope. Le vin “nature”, entre sciences, croyances et radicalités 克里斯特尔·皮诺，牛角和显微镜。葡萄酒“自然”，介于科学、信仰和激进之间

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.16513

Romain Blancaneaux

引用次数: 0

La figure héroïque du pionnier sioniste 犹太复国主义先驱的英雄形象

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16161

É. Mortier

{"title":"La figure héroïque du pionnier sioniste","authors":"É. Mortier","doi":"10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16161","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThis paper focuses on Jewish and Zionist strategies to appropriate marshlands in Palestine from the end of the 19th century to the early years of Israel. Mainly located in the Jezreel Valley around Lake Huleh and along the coastal plain, the marsh areas were infested with malaria. This land was first purchased by Jewish settlers because of its low price. In a context of growing political tension between the Jewish and Arab populations during the British Mandate (1922-1948), acquiring and draining the marshes became a key part of the Zionist territorial strategy to build a Jewish “national home”. The Zionist ideals of Jewish “regeneration” and the transformation of the land of Israel were put into action in these marsh areas. francaisCet article analyse l’evolution des strategies juives et sionistes d’appropriation des zones marecageuses de Palestine, de la fin du xixe siecle aux premieres annees de l’Etat d’Israel. Situes principalement dans la vallee de Jezreel, autour du lac Ḥula et dans la plaine cotiere, les espaces marecageux, infestes par la malaria, sont achetes par les premiers agriculteurs juifs en raison de leur moindre cout. Dans le cadre de la montee des tensions politiques entre populations juive et arabe pendant le Mandat britannique (1922-1948), les zones marecageuses et leur drainage sont places au cœur des strategies territoriales pour la construction du futur Foyer national juif. Ces espaces temoignent de la mise en action des ideaux sionistes de « regeneration » des juifs et de transformation de la terre d’Israel.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70200701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marchands ou négociants ? 商人还是商人?

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16256

Boris Deschanel

{"title":"Marchands ou négociants ?","authors":"Boris Deschanel","doi":"10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16256","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishWhat was a merchant in 18th-century France? Since the 1970s many studies, mostly focusing on large urban businesses, have looked at this topic. In that context, merchants usually appear to be rich cosmopolitan shopkeepers who almost always lived in cities, as opposed to mere traders. The term “merchant”, however, was not unknown in villages and market towns, where it continued to be used until the 19th century and even later. By studying several locations in South-eastern France, this article analyses the uses of commercial categories in rural areas. This paper puts forward a new definition of “merchant”, which may be applied more broadly beyond urban communities. francaisQu’est-ce qu’un negociant dans la France du xviiie siecle ? Depuis les annees 1970, le probleme a ete traite par de nombreux travaux, consacres en majorite au grand commerce urbain. Dans cette perspective, le negociant apparait avant tout comme un riche commercant cosmopolite, oppose au simple marchand, presque toujours installe en ville. Pourtant, le qualificatif de « negociant » n’est pas ignore dans les villages et les bourgs, ou il reste employe jusqu’au xixe siecle, voire au-dela. A travers l’etude de plusieurs espaces differents, dans le Sud-Est de la France, cet article analyse les usages des categories commerciales dans les espaces ruraux. Il permet d’aboutir ainsi a une nouvelle definition du negociant, qui pourrait etre generalisee au-dela des communautes urbaines.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70200774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

« Gestion en commun » ou accès ouvert autorisé ? “联合管理”还是允许开放访问?

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.15995

Charline Rangé, P. L. Delville

{"title":"« Gestion en commun » ou accès ouvert autorisé ?","authors":"Charline Rangé, P. L. Delville","doi":"10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.15995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.15995","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishAn analysis of access to agricultural, fishing and livestock resources and of coordination issues among “users” of Lake Chad in Cameroon reveals original forms of governance characterised by an absence of groups that prohibit and regulate use, a prevalence of mutual adjustments, some forms of collective action, and conflict resolution by the authorities who authorise access. Shared access exists, but there is no “commons” as such, or any intentional management to ensure the viability of pooled resources. This case raises questions about the relevance of the concept of \"commons\" to analyse shared natural resources and calls for a more accurate characterisation of the diverse forms of resource governance. It also suggests that the multi-use governance observed on the shores of Lake Chad would be better described as authorised open access. francaisL’analyse des modes d’acces aux ressources agro-halio-pastorales et des coordinations entre « usagers » du lac Tchad (Cameroun) montre des formes originales de gouvernance : absence de groupe en capacite d’exclure et de reguler les prelevements ; prevalence d’ajustements mutuels ; quelques formes d’action collective et regulation des conflits par les autorites autorisant l’acces. Si ce dernier est effectivement partage, il n'y a pas de « communs » au sens de ressources appropriees par un groupe social, ni de gestion intentionnelle visant a assurer la reproduction de la ressource. Ce cas interroge la pertinence de la notion de « communs » comme entree analytique dans l'etude des situations de ressources naturelles partagees. Il appelle a mieux caracteriser la diversite des formes de gouvernance et rend pertinent la categorie d’acces ouvert autorise pour qualifier la gouvernance du pluri-usage sur les rives du lac.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Suivre la voie fluviale 沿着水路走

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16049

Benjamin Furst

引用次数: 1

Législation néolibérale et privatisation de la nature 新自由主义立法和自然私有化

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16320

M. Méndez, Hugo Roméro

引用次数: 1

Zones humides, conquêtes et colonisations 湿地，征服和殖民

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/etudesrurales.15483

Raphaël Morera

引用次数: 0

La conversion d’une zone humide en région agricole 将湿地转变为农业区

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.16116

Emmanuelle Perez-Tisserant

引用次数: 0

Les dessèchements modernes : des projets coloniaux ? 现代干旱:殖民计划?

Etudes Rurales Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.15656

Raphaël Morera, J. Morgan

{"title":"Les dessèchements modernes : des projets coloniaux ?","authors":"Raphaël Morera, J. Morgan","doi":"10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.15656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ETUDESRURALES.15656","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThis article explores the comparative history of state-driven drainage projects in early modern France and England. Analysing the representation of wetlands, the legal means by which drainage was achieved, and the movements of populations to newly drained areas, it shows that drainage projects embodied a set of colonial practices driven by a mercantilist ideology until the end of the seventeenth century. The experience of resistance and failure led both the French and English monarchies to pursue less top-down and colonial-style drainage projects in the eighteenth century, when their drainage policies diverged. England’s drainage policy became more localised and liberalised earlier, while in France the colonial logic continued until the 1760s. francaisCet article developpe une histoire comparative des projets de drainage inities par les Etats francais et britannique entre les xviie et xviiie siecles. Il analyse aussi bien les representations des zones humides, les moyens legaux mis en œuvre, que les mouvements sociaux au sein de ces espaces. Il montre que, jusqu’a la fin du xviie siecle, les projets de drainage mobilisent un ensemble de pratiques coloniales mues par une ideologie mercantiliste. Les resistances comme les echecs rencontres ont, par la suite, conduit les deux monarchies a delaisser cette approche descendante au cours du xviiie siecle. La politique anglaise s’est toutefois liberalisee en mobilisant des acteurs locaux de maniere plus precoce qu’en France ou la logique coloniale a ete poursuivie jusque dans les annees 1760.","PeriodicalId":39805,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Rurales","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70201047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1