Annals of the ICRP最新文献

{"title":"Activities to support individual dosimetry of children in Kawamata Town.","authors":"Hirokuni Yamanishi,&nbsp;Tetsuo Ito,&nbsp;Makoto Hosono","doi":"10.1177/01466453211010918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211010918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Kawamata Town in Date District, Fukushima Prefecture is located more than 30 km north-west of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, but on 22 April 2011, part of the Yamakiya District of Kawamata Town was designated as a planned evacuation area. The exposure of children was a concern in Kawamata Town. Based on the proposal of Kindai University, Kawamata Town Board of Education took the initiative to measure individual radiation doses with an integrated dosimeter (glass badge) for all kindergarten children, nursery school children, elementary school students, and junior high school students in the town. These measurements were continued for nearly 3 years from June 2011 until the end of March 2014. The total number of measurements was approximately 16,800 across 11-cycle measurement, with 3 months' accumulation taken as one-cycle measurement. Kindai University provided financial support for the glass badge measurement service, and cooperated in the analysis of measured values and the development of advice based on the results. The main body implementing the measurements was Kawamata Town Board of Education, and the data obtained belong to Kawamata Town. When measurements were starting to be taken, schools got involved in the collection and distribution of dosimeters after explanations were provided to principals and school nurses who were in charge of risk communication. Thanks to the efforts of the schools, the recovery rate exceeded 90%, increasing the reliability of the measurements. It was clear who needed the information - the children and their parents. Kawamata Town Board of Education summarised the cumulative dose results for each measurement and notified parents via personal reports. These were sent to parents with advice on measurement results prepared by Kindai University, and care was taken to ensure that people could understand the measured results. Further briefing sessions were held as appropriate. At the briefing sessions, at the request of Kawamata Town Board of Education, the faculty members of Kindai University explained the measurement results from a professional point of view, and a professor from the Faculty of Medicine provided individual health consultations. Kawamata Town took the lead in using specialists to gain peace of mind, and this was key to the project's success. The situation was managed by taking measurements by dosimetry, and asking experts to interpret the data and provide advice to help reassure the residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211010918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39183239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RECOVERY AFTER NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS.","authors":"Christopher H Clement","doi":"10.1177/01466453211020845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211020845","url":null,"abstract":"Coincidentally, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) released Publication 111 ‘Application of the Commission’s recommendations to the protection of people living in long-term contaminated areas after a nuclear accident or a radiation emergency’ (ICRP, 2009), based largely on experience from the Chernobyl accident, just a year before the Fukushima accident occurred. One reason it took so long is that many people felt that the Chernobyl accident was an anomaly. In the decades since Chernobyl, progress had been made to prepare for the immediate emergency response to another large accident, but little consideration had been given to the aftermath.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211020845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39244585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of stakeholders during the preparedness phase of post-accident situation management.","authors":"J M Bertho,&nbsp;F Gabillaud-Poillion,&nbsp;C Reuter,&nbsp;O Rivière,&nbsp;J L Lachaume","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Steering Committee for Post-accident Management Preparedness (CODIRPA) was commissioned by the French Government in 2005 with the aim of establishing the main principles to be set up for population protection and recovery in the long term. From the beginning, one of the main principles was the pluralistic nature of the working groups (WGs), including scientific and technical experts, representatives from state departments, nuclear operators, and representatives of civil society (i.e. stakeholders). Stakeholders were mainly associated with the various WGs of CODIRPA. In order to foster the involvement of stakeholders from civil society in the works of CODIRPA, a new organisation was implemented with two WGs: one mainly composed of technical experts for tackling technical issues, and one for evaluating the proposals made by the experts from the stakeholders' point of view. This article presents the results of this new strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39066396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"As a resident and a counsellor.","authors":"Maiko Momma,&nbsp;Ryoko Ando","doi":"10.1177/01466453211015399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211015399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the time of the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011, I was living in Iwaki City with my two children and my husband. With our home damaged by the tsunami and the deteriorating status following the situation at the nuclear power plant, we spent 2 years as evacuees before returning to Iwaki City. Subsequently, I decided to work as a radiation counsellor in the Suetsugi district of Iwaki City. I would like to describe my experience of taking measurements and helping to communicate with the residents while respecting the lives of local people.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211015399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39078504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an application tool to support returnees in Fukushima.","authors":"T Ohba,&nbsp;A Goto,&nbsp;H Nakano,&nbsp;K E Nollet,&nbsp;M Murakami,&nbsp;Y Koyama,&nbsp;K Honda,&nbsp;K Yoshida,&nbsp;Y Yumiya,&nbsp;Y Kuroda,&nbsp;A Kumagai,&nbsp;T Ohira,&nbsp;K Tanigawa","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To promote radiation protection and health promotion among returning residents (returnees) in coastal areas of Fukushima, eHealth principles were used to develop a new application tool (app) that can record radiation exposure and health status while providing comprehensive support to returnees. Intended users are returnees and health and welfare workers. After assessing their needs, a flowchart and prototype for operational logic were created using commercially available software tools. Professional developers will focus on improving the user interface and ensuring data security. The finished app will be compatible with mobile telephones and tablets. Utility and ease of use are paramount to serve returnees of all ages effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39080687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiocaesium in the environment of Fukushima.","authors":"H Tsukada","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been 10 years since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011. Large quantities of ¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs, and ¹³⁷Cs were released into the environment, and 80% of ¹³⁷Cs still remains. In addition to the decrease by attenuation, the transfer of ¹³⁷Cs to plants, animals, and humans is decreasing due to movement and changing fractions with elapsed time. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in the atmosphere has decreased drastically, and the internal radiation dose due to inhalation is negligible. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in agricultural plants is decreasing due to decontamination of soil, application of potassium, and lower levels in irrigation water. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in wild animals is decreasing, and shows seasonal variation in wild boars. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in offshore seawater has decreased to 0.01 Bq l^-1. Therefore, the radiation dose is <1 mSv of the additional radiation dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39089041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reputational Damage in Radiation Disasters 10 years after the Accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.","authors":"Naoya Sekiya","doi":"10.1177/01466453211020846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211020846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Ten years have passed since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and radioactive substances contained in agricultural products and marine products are now below detectable levels. Amidst this, the testing stance is changing from one that guarantees safety to one that guarantees relief, and testing is being reduced for financial reasons. Moreover, the sense of resistance and concern towards food products produced in Fukushima Prefecture is reducing. Anxiety has been reducing along with the development of the inspection system, the inspection results, and the passage of time. However, although there have been fewer requests, demands, and claims to avoid products from Fukushima Prefecture since immediately after the accident, there is a tendency for consumer trends to be forcefully 'surmised'. As a result, the problem of reputational damage, such as the fact that the market ranking of rice and beef has not recovered, remains an issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39513930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to overcome the difficulty of talking about the experience of a nuclear disaster.","authors":"Ryoko Ando","doi":"10.1177/01466453211015397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211015397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the ICRP International Conference on Recovery After Nuclear Accidents Session 3.4 Forum on the Transmission of Experience held in December 2020, a panel discussion took place on the topic, 'How to overcome the difficulty to talk about the experience of nuclear accidents?'. The facilitator was Ryoko Ando (NPO Fukushima Dialogue) and the following six people participated as panelists: Atsushi Chiba (teacher at Fukushima Prefectural Asaka High School), Yoshiko Aoki (NPO Group of Storytellers About 311 in Tomioka), Miku Endo (Great East Japan Earthquake and Nuclear Disaster Memorial Museum), Kenji Shiga (former Director of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum), Thierry Schneider (Centre d'étude sur l'Evaluation de la Protection dans le domaine Nucléaire), and Noboru Takamura (Director of Great East Japan Earthquake and Nuclear Disaster Memorial Museum, Nagasaki University).</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211015397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39231511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICRP recommendations for recovery.","authors":"M Kai","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued <i>Publication 146</i> which provides a framework of the radiological protection of people and the environment in the case of a large nuclear accident. Mitigation of radiological consequences is achieved using the fundamental principles of justification of decisions and optimisation of protection. These recommendations emphasise the importance of the optimisation of protection for the rehabilitation of living and working conditions in the affected areas during the intermediate and long-term phases. They underline the role of co-operation between the authorities, experts, and the affected population in the co-expertise process to facilitate informed decisions about their own protection. ICRP defines reference levels to be selected within generic bands of exposure considering the induced risk of radiation, as well as the feasibility of controlling the situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38997303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting societal and economic dynamics of recovery: lessons from Chernobyl and Fukushima.","authors":"Thierry Schneider,&nbsp;Jacques Lochard","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Beyond the consideration of radiological aspects, the rehabilitation of living and working conditions after a large nuclear accident is a complex process in which all dimensions of individual and community life are involved and interconnected. Responsibles of socio-economic entities are facing various difficulties/challenges, including the implementation of protective actions for ensuring the protection of employees, the continuity of production of good-quality products in affected areas, and restoring the confidence of consumers. For affected local communities, the deployment of a socio-economic programme is essential to enable a sustainable future while recognising that a return to the pre-accident situation is generally not achievable. In this context, supporting the societal and economic dynamics of the recovery process requires the adoption of specific governance mechanisms respecting a series of ethical and social values, as highlighted by lessons from the post-accident management of the Chernobyl and Fukshima accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39085181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}