Annals of the ICRP最新文献_第6页

Use of low-value personal objects for a rapid radiation triage with a portable Optically Stimulated Luminescence system. 使用便携式光激发光系统对低价值个人物品进行快速辐射分类。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251412483

E Bortolin, S Della Monaca, K Smokrović, I Erceg, P Fattibene, L Bakrač, M C Quattrini, N Maltar-Strmečki

{"title":"Use of low-value personal objects for a rapid radiation triage with a portable Optically Stimulated Luminescence system.","authors":"E Bortolin, S Della Monaca, K Smokrović, I Erceg, P Fattibene, L Bakrač, M C Quattrini, N Maltar-Strmečki","doi":"10.1177/01466453251412483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251412483","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) and the Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) in the framework of the BioPhyMeTRE project funded by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme. Low-value personal objects, which could be used as fortuitous dosimeters in case of a radiological/nuclear (R/N) accident involving a large number of civilians, were analysed by using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). We proposed a model of a portable reader which allows for rapid analyses at the accident site. Items tested in the project were salty snacks, cigarettes, paper, cosmetics, medicines, dietary supplements, and others that could be found in the bags/pockets of civilians. Two protocols were developed for dose evaluation: one based on the use of a calibration curve and the other based on the single aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose procedure. Intra- and inter-laboratory tests were performed in parallel by each laboratory on salty crackers and dietary supplements that showed the best dosimetric properties. The results obtained with the crackers have already been published. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the work carried out as part of the project.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251412483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties and attenuation ability of biowaste-derived CaCO₃ for radiation shielding applications. 辐射屏蔽用生物废弃物CaCO3的力学性能和衰减能力。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251411729

R M O Dela Cruz, R C L Cruzpero

{"title":"Mechanical properties and attenuation ability of biowaste-derived CaCO3 for radiation shielding applications.","authors":"R M O Dela Cruz, R C L Cruzpero","doi":"10.1177/01466453251411729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251411729","url":null,"abstract":"Lead, the common radiation shield, poses significant risks to medical personnel's organs despite its shielding properties. Concrete, increasingly utilised as another radiation barrier than lead, shifts towards sustainability due to depleting resources like cement. This research evaluated fabricated concrete samples' mechanical stability and radiation shielding using EpiXS software for gamma radiation and a medical linear accelerator for x-rays. Local green mussel shells underwent cleaning and calcination at 550°C for 2 h and then pulverised and sieved for uniformity. Concrete cylinders and slabs were cast with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% cement replacement for mechanical and attenuation tests. Debris from mechanical tests was pelletised for XRF analysis. Results indicated 2% green mussel shell powder (GMSP) concentration optimised concrete's mechanical properties. EpiXS analysis showed almost the same Neff trend for control and all concentrations, while GMSP4 consistently produced the highest Zeff for all energies. MAC values peaked at GMSP4, and TVL was lowest at GMSP8. In linear accelerator tests, GMSP4 had the lowest TVL yield. Future studies should explore MRI and XRD analysis for powder characterisation and consider larger slab surfaces.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251411729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An unprecedented era with patients receiving high (≥100 msv) cumulative doses: collective actions needed. 患者接受高（≥100毫西弗）累积剂量的空前时代：需要采取集体行动。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251413055

M M Rehani

{"title":"An unprecedented era with patients receiving high (≥100 msv) cumulative doses: collective actions needed.","authors":"M M Rehani","doi":"10.1177/01466453251413055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251413055","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of patients benefit from medical imaging every single day. However, large-scale multicenter studies published in the last 6 years have brought new result that allow extrapolation to nationwide or global levels. They have opened a new era wherein millions of patients are receiving cumulative doses in three digits of mGy of organ doses or three digits of mSv of cumulative effective dose (CED) every year. One out of 125 patients can be exposed to an effective dose ≥50 mSv from a single computed tomography (CT) exam, and 3 out of 10,000 patients undergoing CT exams could potentially receive cumulative effective doses ≥100 mSv in a single day. Recurrent imaging with CT, fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGI), and hybrid imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are more prevalent today than ever before. Although a major fraction of patients with such high doses is ≥60 years of age, the number of patients <60 years and with diseases that do not substantially shorten life expectancy is estimated to be nearly half a million added every year. Moreover, data from a centre that employs the best form of justification and the best form of optimisation indicate that we have reached a limiting point in providing safer imaging to many patients using currently available imaging machines and justification and optimisation tools. This leads us to an unprecedented era where collective thinking and actions are needed, and it provides a fitting opportunity for the call given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to develop solutions to achieve safer imaging, a mission that necessitated the creation of ICRP in 1928.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251413055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radionuclides and committed internal exposure dose for radioactivation in boron neutron capture therapy. 硼中子俘获治疗中放射性核素和承诺内照射剂量。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251411682

R Narita, Y Sakurai

{"title":"Radionuclides and committed internal exposure dose for radioactivation in boron neutron capture therapy.","authors":"R Narita, Y Sakurai","doi":"10.1177/01466453251411682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251411682","url":null,"abstract":"Although boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) causes minimal damage to normal cells, accurately estimating the exposure dose based on radiation protection is crucial. This study was aimed at estimating the amount of radionuclides required for radioactivation and the internal exposure dose in BNCT by simulation calculations considering factors that were not taken into account in previous studies. This study was performed with reference to the BNCT clinical studies conducted at a reactor-based BNCT facility. Five irradiated parts of the head and neck regions were selected for estimation. The contribution of each radionuclide to the equivalent dose in each organ indicated that the effects of 24Na, 32P, and 128I were significant. 24Na is uniformly distributed throughout the body. The contribution of 32P to the bone surface and red marrow was remarkable. Because 128I is produced only in the thyroid, its effect was small, depending on the irradiated part. The calculated effective dose was one order of magnitude lower than that of the external exposure. Therefore, internal exposure is not negligible for exposure dose estimation in BNCT, and it is necessary to consider the irradiation component in treatment planning to avoid exposure to certain critical organs.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251411682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connections between categories of exposure in the hospital setting. 医院环境中暴露类别之间的联系。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251412145

L N Mazzoni

{"title":"Connections between categories of exposure in the hospital setting.","authors":"L N Mazzoni","doi":"10.1177/01466453251412145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251412145","url":null,"abstract":"Actions that ensure the radiological protection of staff and members of the public are often interconnected with those dedicated to the radiological protection of patients in hospital settings. For example, the staff radiation exposure in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology is related to the dose absorbed by the patient. Moreover, it is important to underline that the justification for everyone's exposure is largely driven by patient benefit. In this scenario, provisions to protect staff and the public should not impair those to optimise patient exposure or, more generally, limit clinical outcome. However, the presence of different categories of exposure is often reflected in regulatory systems where the management of the protection of patients and workers/members of the public can be quite separated. This scenario represents a weakness in the application of the radiological protection system in hospitals. In this article, some workers' exposure pathways in medical practices are described, also reporting what is already provided in ICRP Publication 139 on this topic. Finally, a proposal is made to facilitate the practical implementation of the system, with the intention of stimulating discussion.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251412145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) for the next general recommendations. 网格型参考计算幻影（MRCPs）为下一个一般建议。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251411690

Y S Yeom, C H Kim, C Choi, B Shin, S Kim, H Kim

{"title":"Mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) for the next general recommendations.","authors":"Y S Yeom, C H Kim, C Choi, B Shin, S Kim, H Kim","doi":"10.1177/01466453251411690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251411690","url":null,"abstract":"A full set of ICRP mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs), including adult, paediatric, and pregnant-female phantoms, is under development to produce dose coefficients for the next General Recommendations. The MRCPs are high-fidelity human models for radiation protection dosimetry, including all the source and target regions for effective dose calculations. The phantoms include micron-thick stem cell layers in the respiratory and alimentary tract organs, urinary bladder, and skin. The phantoms also include very detailed eye models and skeletal models. The MRCPs are developed in the fourth-generation phantom geometry, i.e. tetrahedron mesh geometry. This geometry, classified as an unstructured volume mesh, provides several key advantages. Firstly, it allows the phantoms to be directly incorporated into various Monte Carlo codes, such as Geant4, MCNP6, PHITS, and EGSnrc, without the need for voxelisation. This preserves the original high fidelity of the mesh phantoms during dose calculations, ensuring the most accurate results. The tetrahedron mesh geometry is volume representation, not surface or boundary representation, and provides the capability of suborgan/structure density variation modelling using the tetrahedra. A notable aspect of the mesh technology is its flexibility, allowing the phantoms to be easily adjusted for different body shapes and postures as required. In this article, the deformability of the MRCPs will be highlighted by reporting that the MRCPs were deformed into a library of 212 phantoms for adults and 637 phantoms for adolescents and children to represent different body sizes and shapes. It will also be reported that the phantoms were deformed into several different postures.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251411690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Fukushima dialogue and risk communication. 福岛对话与风险沟通。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251412154

J Lochard

引用次数: 0

What's safer, the radiation dose or the protective action? Developing a tool for justified protective actions in nuclear and radiological emergencies. 辐射剂量和防护措施哪个更安全？开发在核和辐射紧急情况下采取合理防护行动的工具。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251412502

J B Callen-Kovtunova, T McKenna, G Steinhauser, T Homma

{"title":"What's safer, the radiation dose or the protective action? Developing a tool for justified protective actions in nuclear and radiological emergencies.","authors":"J B Callen-Kovtunova, T McKenna, G Steinhauser, T Homma","doi":"10.1177/01466453251412502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251412502","url":null,"abstract":"The lower the dose, the 'safer' you are… but is that really the case in an emergency? The inferred (non-discernible) risks from radiation for low doses (below 100-200 mSv) are applied rigorously for emergency planning. However, the observable risks associated with protective actions, e.g. evacuation, have not yet been fully evaluated. Experience from the Fukushima Daiichi accident and hurricanes in the USA indicates there will be an observable increase in mortality associated with evacuating and dislocations particularly for residents of facilities for long stays and the elderly. In addition, mental health effects have been possibly the most severe health effects associated with past major nuclear power plant emergencies. A tool is needed to evaluate protective actions to ensure they are justified considering both the health risks of radiation exposure and protective actions. An analysis was performed of mortality and mental health effects associated with protective actions compared with the inferred radiation-induced deaths averted by protective actions. The results were presented in terms of absolute risk (cases per 1000) of health effects, which is an understandable way to compare and communicate risks. The analysis indicates that taking protective actions consistent with dose criteria typically used in many countries could result in observable deaths when trying to prevent the inferred (non-discernible) radiation-induced deaths. Residents of facilities for long stays and the elderly are particularly vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251412502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual monitoring for internal exposure of workers in FDNPS. fdnps工人内部暴露的个体监测。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251412151

M Ohno, N Mukaida, M Nomura, T Hayashida, T Suzuki, T Momose

{"title":"Individual monitoring for internal exposure of workers in FDNPS.","authors":"M Ohno, N Mukaida, M Nomura, T Hayashida, T Suzuki, T Momose","doi":"10.1177/01466453251412151","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453251412151","url":null,"abstract":"The decontamination and facing process at premises (outdoors) of TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (referred to as FDNPS) has made it possible to work in standard work clothing without a full face mask in more than 96% of the site, but high levels of contamination from melted nuclear fuel still remain in the reactor buildings. In the FDNPS, since Cs-137 is the dominant radionuclide in most of the workplace, all workers who enter the controlled area are monitored individually for internal exposure by whole-body counter (for screening purposes). From 2024 or later, the gradual removal of fuel debris is planned, which will increase work inside the reactor building. To ensure the radiation safety of workers in such special operations, it is essential to establish an internal dose monitoring system that properly uses a combination of in-vivo and in-vitro bioassay. This article discusses monitoring methods by calculating the radionuclides that affect dose during an internal exposure event based on the FDNPS workplace measurement data. In addition, the approach for quality assurance of individual monitoring in the FDNPS will be presented.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251412151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dose limits to protect maternal and fetal health: Legislation in Japan. 保护母胎健康的剂量限制：日本立法。

Annals of the ICRP Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/01466453251411699

T Kato, A Goto, K Sugai, E Konishi, T Kusama

{"title":"Dose limits to protect maternal and fetal health: Legislation in Japan.","authors":"T Kato, A Goto, K Sugai, E Konishi, T Kusama","doi":"10.1177/01466453251411699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453251411699","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese radiation protection laws and regulations stipulate an effective dose limit of 5 mSv 3 months-1 for female radiation workers of reproductive age, with a focus on protecting the fetus as the general public. To maintain this unique Japanese dose limit, we conducted two questionnaire surveys to determine when pregnant women become aware of their pregnancy (444 participants) and to obtain information about expectations regarding radiation protection practices among female healthcare staff (1574 participants). Pregnant women became aware of their pregnancy at 5.2 weeks (±1.1 weeks) of gestational age, a time of high sensitivity with respect to embryonic deaths and malformations. Regarding the necessity of the effective dose limit (5 mSv 3 months-1) set by Japanese law for women, only 1.2% of the respondents deem it not 'necessary'. The effective dose limit of 5 mSv 3 months-1 for radiation workers of reproductive age is an important criterion for female workers to engage in radiation work safely and securely. We considered this value is in line with the ethical foundation of the ICRP's basic protection policy and protection system and is reasonable in terms of radiation control practices.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453251411699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0