Annals of the ICRP最新文献

{"title":"Health management and care following the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident: overview of Fukushima Health Management Survey.","authors":"Kenji Kamiya","doi":"10.1177/01466453211015402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211015402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, Fukushima Prefecture is conducting the Fukushima Health Management Survey, which has been contracted out to Fukushima Medical University. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the exposure doses and health conditions of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture in order to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases at an early stage, and to maintain and improve the health of residents in the future.This survey consists of a basic survey to estimate external exposure doses and detailed surveys to investigate health conditions. The detailed surveys comprise: (i) thyroid ultrasound examination; (ii) comprehensive health check; (iii) mental health and lifestyle survey; and (iv) pregnancy and birth survey.In the basic survey, the external exposure dose was estimated for >466,000 people during the first 4 months after the accident; it was estimated to be <5 mSv for 99.8% of residents.The thyroid ultrasound examination included four rounds of echo examinations covering approximately 380,000 children aged <18 years at the time of the accident in each round. The first, second, third, and fourth examinations identified 116, 71, 31, and 21 children with thyroid cancer/suspected cancer, respectively. The Fukushima Prefectural Oversight Committee analysed the results from the first and second examinations, and evaluated that 'the detected increased rate is unlikely to be the impact of radiation'. However, the Oversight Committee is deliberating the future direction of thyroid examination, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the examination as well as ethical viewpoints.In the comprehensive health check, approximately 210,000 people in the evacuation area were examined, and increased rates of lifestyle-related diseases [e.g. obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia (low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol)] were confirmed. In the mental health and lifestyle survey, approximately 210,000 people, including residents in the evacuation area, were examined. A deterioration in general mental health was found for the period immediately after the accident across a wide range of age groups, and although recovery was seen over the years, the rate of mental health issues remains above the national average. The pregnancy and birth survey revealed that the pre-term birth rate, low-birthweight rate, and rate of congenital anomalies did not differ from the national average.The purpose of Fukushima Health Management Survey is not only to collect data on the health of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture, but to provide direct support to residents regarding the health issues clarified by the survey. Moreover, various initiatives are being implemented in cooperation with various local government authorities with the aim of maintaining and promoting the health of the residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211015402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39157456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of thyroid doses to the public from radioiodine following the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents.","authors":"Sergey M Shinkarev","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimates of thyroid doses to the public from radioiodine intake following the accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants are compared. The basis for thyroid dose estimates after the Chernobyl accident was a large set of measurements of ¹³¹I thyroidal content for approximately 400,000 residents in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. Due to a lack of direct thyroid measurements after the Fukushima accident (just over 1000 residents were measured), thyroid doses were estimated based on ecological models and are therefore associated with much higher uncertainty than those based on direct thyroid measurements. Thyroid dose estimates for evacuees were up to 50,000 mGy for Chernobyl and up to approximately 100 mGy for Fukushima. This large difference in thyroid dose to the public is mainly due to the different dominant pathways of radioiodine intake: ingestion of fresh, locally produced cows' milk (Chernobyl) and inhalation of contaminated air (Fukushima).</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39097435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentations and presenters.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01466453211027672","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453211027672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453211027672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39110930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigenda.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01466453211013964","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453211013964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453211013964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39074983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigenda.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01466453211016658","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453211016658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453211016658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39074051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01466453211000254","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453211000254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453211000254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01466453211000206","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453211000206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453211000206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25508807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01466453211000252","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01466453211000252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":" ","pages":"1466453211000252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25495317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICRP Publication 148: Radiation Weighting for Reference Animals and Plants.","authors":"K Higley,&nbsp;A Real,&nbsp;D Chambers","doi":"10.1177/0146645319896548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645319896548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 2","pages":"9-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645319896548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38992392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensible Advice for Making More Realistic Assessments of Dose for Biota Under Different Exposure Situations.","authors":"Richard John Jan Pentreath","doi":"10.1177/0146645320931044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645320931044","url":null,"abstract":"One of the first issues to arise in the development of a set of Reference Animals and Plants by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) was that of allowing for factors such as relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in considerations of estimates of dose (ICRP, 2003, 2008). The issue was not a new one. The need to consider such factors had been widely recognised for many years, and for several reasons. Firstly, RBE obviously applies to animals other than humans; indeed, much of the RBE information used in human radiological protection had been derived from both in-vivo and in-vitro animal studies. It thus seemed reasonable that allowance should be made for such information in assessments of the relationship between dose and effects for those same animals in the context of their exposures to radiation in an environmental context. Secondly, it was known that many animals and plants can accumulate concentrations of naturally occurring alpha-particle-emitting nuclides within their tissues to very high levels, and thus there had been arguments for the use of ‘weighting factors’ to normalise assessments of comparative radiation background dose rates amongst different types of fauna and flora. Finally, because of the presence of alpha-particle-emitting nuclides (and, in some cases, tritium) in many environmental areas, as a result of different exposure situations, there had been concerns that their potential effects on wildlife would be underestimated if allowances for RBE were not taken into account.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 2","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645320931044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38992393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}