Lodz Papers in Pragmatics最新文献_第3页

An integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy 一个综合的显性和隐性攻击性语言分类

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0002

Barbara - Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, A. Bączkowska, Chaya Liebeskind, Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene, Slavko Žitnik

{"title":"An integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy","authors":"Barbara - Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, A. Bączkowska, Chaya Liebeskind, Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene, Slavko Žitnik","doi":"10.1515/lpp-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study represents an integrated model of explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy. First, it focuses on a definitional revision and enrichment of the explicit offensive language taxonomy by reviewing the collection of available corpora and comparing tagging schemas applied there. The study relies mainly on the categories originally proposed by Zampieri et al. (2019) in terms of offensive language categorization schemata. After the explanation of semantic differences between particular concepts used in the tagging systems and the analysis of theoretical frameworks, a finite set of classes is presented, which cover aspects of offensive language representation along with linguistically sound explanations (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk et al. 2021). In the analytic procedure, offensive from non-offensive discourse is first distinguished, with the question of offence Target and the following categorization levels and sublevels. Based on the relevant data generated from Sketch Engine (https://www.sketchengine.eu/ententen-english-corpus/), we propose the concept of offensive language as a superordinate category in our system with a number of hierarchically arranged 17 subcategories. The categories are taxonomically structured into 4 levels and verified with the use of neural-based (lexical) embeddings. Together with a taxonomy of implicit offensive language and its subcategorization levels which has received little scholarly attention until now, the categorization is exemplified in samples of offensive discourses in selected English social media materials, i.e., publicly available 25 web-based hate speech datasets (consult Appendix 1 for a complete list). The offensive category levels (types of offence, targets, etc.) and aspects (offensive language property clusters) as well as the categories of explicitness and implicitness are discussed in the study and the computationally verified integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy proposed in the study.","PeriodicalId":39423,"journal":{"name":"Lodz Papers in Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"7 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41616427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Shut up! Don’t say that! You’ve got to say ḤASHĀKEM!” The pragmatics of Ḥashāk and its variants in colloquial Algerian Arabic “闭嘴！别这么说！你得说ḤASHĀKEM！”语用学Ḥashāk及其在阿尔及利亚阿拉伯语口语中的变体

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0008

Boudjemaa Dendenne

{"title":"“Shut up! Don’t say that! You’ve got to say ḤASHĀKEM!” The pragmatics of Ḥashāk and its variants in colloquial Algerian Arabic","authors":"Boudjemaa Dendenne","doi":"10.1515/lpp-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the pragmatic functions served by ḥāshāk and its variants in colloquial Algerian Arabic (CAA) are unravelled. Literally, ḥāshāk means “You’re exalted/exempt from X/I distance you from X,” where X is a bad thing or socially/religiously unacceptable act. Its variants include ḥāsha, ḥāshākem, ḥāshāh/ḥāshāha/ḥāshāhem, maḥashākesh, and the verb ḥāsha/ḥāshi. As far as the author is aware, this is the first study on the pragmatics of ḥāshāk and its variants in colloquial (Algerian) Arabic. Two complementary data sets were collected and analyzed: an online survey administered to native speakers (N= 263) and a corpus of naturally occurring examples gained using an ethnographic method (N= 172). The findings indicated that the core semantic import (exaltative/excepting/exempting meaning) is retained in CAA and further extended to perform other pragmatic functions: apologetic, appreciative, requestive, concessive, critical, defensive, and sarcastic. These intertwined functions are expected in an array of highly conventionalized contexts. These findings were discussed from an eclectic perspective (e.g., pragmatic reversal, pragmatic markers, politeness theory, and rapport management).","PeriodicalId":39423,"journal":{"name":"Lodz Papers in Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"145 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prototypes in emotion concepts 情感概念中的原型

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0007

P. Wilson, Barbara - Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk

引用次数: 0

“Face” in retrospective: The use of “thanks” and “to thank” In Old Saxon and Old High German 回顾“脸”:“谢谢”和“感谢”在古撒克逊和古高地德语中的用法

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0009

Valentina Concu

{"title":"“Face” in retrospective: The use of “thanks” and “to thank” In Old Saxon and Old High German","authors":"Valentina Concu","doi":"10.1515/lpp-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite being often criticized, the notion of face has recently begun to be applied in diachronic pragmatic investigations on directives, requests, apologies, and terms of address. The present study also uses the notion of face to investigate the use of Dank ‘thanks’, Dankbarkeit ‘thankfulness’, and danken ‘to thank’ in expressions of gratitude in Old Saxon and Old High German, laying the foundations to a better understanding of the speech act of thanking in the history of German. The data suggest that, although the manifestation of gratitude was common, the expressions containing Dank, Dankbarkeit, and danken could mostly be found when the addresser was in a lower social position than the addressee. The same situation was observed when these nouns and verbs were used with the meaning of “to reward” and “to praise.” These findings provide evidence to the claim that the effects of a speech act on the speaker’s or hearer’s face are mostly situational rather than being an intrinsic property. They also suggest that, in strictly hierarchical societies such as the Old Saxon and Old High German ones, addressers would threaten their own negative face only if they were in a lower social position than the addressees.","PeriodicalId":39423,"journal":{"name":"Lodz Papers in Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"175 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Frontmatter 头版头条

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-frontmatter1

引用次数: 0

On metonymy-based lexical innovations in Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin: A cognitive linguistic perspective 基于转喻的尼日利亚洋泾浜英语和托克语词汇创新:认知语言学视角

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0003

K. Kosecki

{"title":"On metonymy-based lexical innovations in Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin: A cognitive linguistic perspective","authors":"K. Kosecki","doi":"10.1515/lpp-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As contact languages, pidgins and creoles arise in mixed linguistic environments. Drawing much of their vocabularies from one, frequently European, language and – to a lesser extent – from a number of indigenous languages, they have lexicons that are reduced in comparison with those of their lexifiers. To compensate for the poor lexification, pidgin and creoles create novel polysemy-based extensions of lexical items or develop periphrastic constructions equivalent of the missing lexical roots. Assuming a cognitive linguistic perspective, which emphasizes the role of conceptualization in the construction of meaning and the figurative character of concepts, the paper deals with the lexicons of Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin, two contact languages representative for the Atlantic and the Pacific – the two major areas of linguistic contact. The analysis focuses on the first of the above-mentioned compensation strategies. It is argued that (i) the expressions borrowed from English and various indigenous languages acquire senses that are absent in English; (ii) the new senses are frequently based on metonymy, which serves as a major polysemy-based strategy of lexicon extension; (iii) most of the novel lexical extensions fall within the metonymic patterns that are well-established in English.","PeriodicalId":39423,"journal":{"name":"Lodz Papers in Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"49 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43751362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fear is an illness of the brain. A cognitive account of a novel constructive scenario of fear 恐惧是大脑的一种疾病。对一种新的建构性恐惧场景的认知描述

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0004

A. Dabrowska

{"title":"Fear is an illness of the brain. A cognitive account of a novel constructive scenario of fear","authors":"A. Dabrowska","doi":"10.1515/lpp-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Once we perceive a situation as a danger, threat, or shock, the information about a fearful stimulus is immediately sent to the amygdala, which, being a component of the limbic system, is responsible for fear and anxiety processing, and plays an important role in emotion and behaviour. As the research suggests, the message about a potentially frightening situation can reach the amygdala long before we are even consciously aware of it. Then, the amygdala is to trigger a fight-or-flight reaction, marked by our increased heart rate and respiration to prepare for action (cf. LeDoux 2007). The aim of the research is, first, to account for the most prototypical cognitive scenario of fear through the prism of Cognitive Linguistics (cf. Kövecses 1986, 2015) and supply it with this neuroscientific and psychological knowledge of fear. We learn that in addition to the most common human reactions to fear, i.e. the one of a fighter or the one of a runaway, a modern man reacts to fear by denying it as well as by displacing fear from their subconscious mind. Second, by investigating the novel metaphor FEAR IS AN ILLNESS OF THE BRAIN, we aim to propose a novel constructive cognitive scenario of fear, which helps us deal with this unwanted emotion in contemporary situations that generate fear, e.g. in the era of (post)Covid-19 pandemic (WHO 2021, July 15).","PeriodicalId":39423,"journal":{"name":"Lodz Papers in Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"71 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47899301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blending parody: The case of My Corona 混合模仿:我的科罗娜案例

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0005

Galia Hirsch

引用次数: 0

Animals are the homeless: A portrayal of sea ice dependent animals losing their natural habitat. A cognitive linguistics-oriented analysis of chosen climate change awareness raising campaigns 动物是无家可归者:依赖海冰的动物失去自然栖息地的写照。对选定的提高气候变化意识运动的认知语言学分析

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2023-0006

Aleksandra Majdzińska-Koczorowicz

引用次数: 0

Between grammar and culture: Cognitive insights into language use 在语法和文化之间:对语言使用的认知洞察

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/lpp-2022-0010

K. Kosecki, M. Deckert, Aleksandra Majdzińska-Koczorowicz

引用次数: 0