Indian Journal of Tuberculosis最新文献

{"title":"Tubercular cervicitis – A diagnostic dilemma: Report of five cases and literature review","authors":"Anshuja Singla,&nbsp;Ritam Kumari,&nbsp;Sumita Mehta,&nbsp;Kaninika Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical tuberculosis, a relatively uncommon ailment<span><span>, primarily targets women in their reproductive years, typically aged between 20 and 45 years, hinting at a possible hormonal influence on infection susceptibility. Its clinical manifestations encompass a spectrum of symptoms ranging from post-coital and intermenstrual bleeding to, in severe instances, infertility, underscoring its significant impact on </span>reproductive health<span><span>. The disease often masquerades as cervical cancer, with cervical lesions manifesting as either papillary/vegetative growths or ulcerations, necessitating careful examination and diagnosis differentiation. Utilizing the non-invasive yet pivotal tool of cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear stands as the cornerstone in the initial investigative approach. Diagnosis hinges on the identification of characteristic features such as epithelioid and Langhans-type giant cells; however, diligent exclusion of other causes of </span>granulomatous<span> cervicitis remains imperative. Supplementary diagnostic modalities including Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining for acid-fast bacilli, fluorescence techniques, colposcopy-guided biopsies, and culture assays play pivotal roles in affirming the presence of the disease. In our presented case series encompassing five patients, each exhibits a unique constellation of symptoms indicative of tubercular cervicitis. In all instances, diagnosis is conclusively established through biopsy confirmation, reinforcing the necessity for a meticulous diagnostic approach in managing this relatively rare yet clinically significant condition.</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incipient and subclinical Tuberculosis: Clinical and epidemiological implications on Tuberculosis elimination activities","authors":"Vinod Kumar Viswanathan ,&nbsp;V.K. Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study about awareness and utilization of ‘Nikshay Poshan Yojana’ benefits in selected tuberculosis units in Pune district in India","authors":"Samir Barve ,&nbsp;Manisha Gore ,&nbsp;Dnyanesh Datir ,&nbsp;Reshma Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A monthly incentive of Rs. 500 is transferred to the bank accounts of all notified TB patients to purchase nutritious food under the ‘Nikshay Poshan Yojana’ (NPY) scheme by the Government of India. This study was conducted to assess awareness about the scheme and utilization of the monetary benefit by patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This exploratory study was conducted in selected four ‘Tuberculosis Units’ in Pune district that covered rural and urban areas. The study participants were selected by Convenient and Purposive sampling techniques. We interviewed 227 TB patients, 20 government staff, and 15 private practitioners with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire and interview schedules. Frequencies and means of variables, Chi-square tests were used to analyze quantitative data, and the ‘Thematic analysis’ method was used to analyze qualitative data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participants were aware of the scheme's benefits and appreciated the objective. An increase in the amount of the monetary benefit was largely demanded by the participants. Only 71 % of beneficiaries utilized the money for dietary purposes, mainly for food items like Roti/Chapati, Eggs, fruits, ‘milk and milk products’. The lack of availability of required documents with patients is a challenge faced by government staff in the process of timely deposition of monetary benefits in bank accounts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Strategies should be planned to ensure full utilization of the monetary benefit of the scheme by all the patients for dietary purposes. An increase in the amount of the benefit should be considered by policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 78-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV patients and their correlation with CD4+ count in a tertiary care hospital in Rishikesh, gateway to the Himalayas","authors":"Biswajeet Sahoo ,&nbsp;Pratiksha Kamboj ,&nbsp;Priyal Anand ,&nbsp;Yogendra Pratap Mathuria ,&nbsp;Mukesh Bairwa ,&nbsp;Amber Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tuberculosis is the most common serious opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. TB can occur at any time during the course of HIV infection. The estimated number of people living with HIV in India in 2019 was 23.48 lakh. With an estimated 2.5 million cases, or 195 cases per 1 lakh people, India has the highest incidence of tuberculosis cases worldwide, accounting for about 23% of all cases, according to MOHFW India. Information about HIV/TB co-infection is still scarce in India, especially in the hilly areas of Uttarakhand.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study, subjects are the patients who are diagnosed with MTB in HIV-positive patients of all age groups and sex and were followed up from January 2021 till August 2022 in a tertiary referral hospital AIIMS Rishikesh.</div><div>Diagnosis of MTB was based on clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging signs, and HIV was based on dot blot, immunochromatographic, and chemiluminescence assay.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 520 patients screened for HIV were positive. Out of which 145 were MTB in which 133 had pulmonary tuberculosis and 12 had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients' average age was 35.5 years. Among males, females and transgender, 97 (66.89%), 46 (31.72%) and 2 (1.38%) have both TB and HIV co-infections respectively.</div><div>Mean CD4 count prior to ATT was 350.21, After completion was 486.48. The prevalence of Tuberculosis among HIV positive cases was 23.8%.Baseline and latest CD4 count was conducted before and after ART and ATT treatment. It was observed that there was significant increase in the CD4 count after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HIV co-infection with TB is higher in this region. There is a role of CD4⁺ count in the prognosis and progression of the disease. More strategic measures are required for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV to combat MTB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S39-S42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of positive deviance nutrition intervention on sputum smear conversion among patients on tuberculosis medication in Kericho County, Kenya","authors":"Kirui Collins Kipkosgei ,&nbsp;Calvince Otieno Anino ,&nbsp;George Makalliwa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) still poses a significant challenge to public health globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. Despite the robust strategies, malnutrition remains a barrier to positive treatment outcomes, delaying sputum conversion. This study aimed to assess the effects of positive deviant nutrition intervention on sputum smear conversion among patients on Tuberculosis medication in Kericho County. A prospective study was conducted for patients enrolled on TB medication in both Bureti and Ainamoi Sub counties. A multistage cluster sampling was used to identify and recruit participants. The study was quasi-experimental, with a total of 192 sample units participating in the survey from the eight TB treatment catchment areas. Data was collected from January to December 2023 with sputum follow-up, a critical treatment period of six months. Data was analyzed using R 4.3.1 software. The sputum smear conversion rate for the intervention study and control arms was 96.8% and 85.2% in the 6th month, respectively. The results showed that the intervention arms demonstrated strong and significant associations between body mass index and sputum conversion at all three critical time points in 2nd month, 5th month, and 6th month with 29.51 p=&lt;0.000, 30.85 p=&lt;0.000, 35.19 p=&lt;0.000, respectively compared to their counterpart. Additionally, among the intervention group, energy intake was associated with significant optimistic estimates for sputum conversion at all critical time points, 0.76, p = 0.007: 0.86, p = 0.006: 0.91, p = 0.003 compared to those in the control group. Maintaining a better weight and consuming adequate energy were a significant factor in attaining a positive sputum conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S68-S74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubercular pyomyositis: A case series","authors":"R. Kumar ,&nbsp;P. Khosla ,&nbsp;V. Taneja ,&nbsp;R. Dessai ,&nbsp;M. Sondhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tuberculosis is one of the endemic diseases in India. Tuberculosis can involve almost every organ of the body, however isolated muscle involvement is considered rare. We hereby report a series of three cases of tubercular pyomyositis to highlight the importance of high clinical suspicion in endemic countries like India, in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, presenting with persistent fever and musculoskeletal symptoms. A timely diagnosis with effective drainage and antitubercular therapy helps in good functional recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"71 4","pages":"Pages 492-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fine needle aspiration cytology strategy implemented at the microscopy center level for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span><span><span>In India, EPTB accounts for about 50% of TB cases especially in people living with HIV/AIDS. Microbiological confirmation is present in only about 15% of EPTB cases. </span>Tuberculous Lymphadenitis is the most common form of EPTB in India, accounting for around 35% of EPTB cases. </span>Fine needle aspiration cytology<span> has been found to be highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis with 83–94% accuracy. The procedure of AFB detection is exactly the same for the FNAC obtained smears as for the presently examined </span></span>sputum smears at the DMCs. The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of FNAC strategy implemented at DMC level for detection of tuberculous lymphadenitis cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The present study was a randomized cluster trial with one control and one intervention arm. At the intervention units (DMCs) all suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis cases was subjected to FNAC of the suspected superficial lymph nodes by the trained Medical Officers. The control group was free from any such intervention. Effectiveness and feasibility of FNAC strategy in the intervention group was determined by relevant indicators.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At the seven intervention DMCs, FNAC was performed on a total number of 1298 suspected cases of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis. Among them 294 cases were selected in the intervention arm and 196 cases in the control arm. Intervals between advice of FNAC and performance of FNAC as well as start of therapy was significantly low in the intervention arm. Complication was insignificant. The concordance between FNAC reports generated at the DMCs and that at Medical College estimated by agreement measurement kappa (0.970) suggested a high level of agreement.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Implementation of FNAC strategy at the DMC level for detection of tuberculous lymphadenitis cases was found to be feasible as well as effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"71 3","pages":"Pages 269-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44404449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in TB control","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"71 3","pages":"Pages 233-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between tuberculosis, mental illness, and treatment compliance: An integrative literature review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tuberculosis and Mental Illness (TB-MI) often co-occur with a varying range of interactions of both. The rising incidence of both in Low- and Middle-income countries (LMICs) is an emergent public health problem with accompanying higher morbidity and complications in management. The objective of this review is to gather insights into how healthcare providers can enhance their support for patients with TB-MI, to improve treatment adherence and overall health outcomes. Addressing the complexities of TB-MI treatment requires a multi-component approach that includes psychological interventions, monitoring the course of mental health comorbidities, patient education, looking into barriers to adherence, and involving healthcare providers. These coupled with increased patient awareness, integrated care model, patient education and empowerment, simplified treatment approaches, social support programs, and sensitizing healthcare providers can decrease the burden on the healthcare system while improving patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"71 3","pages":"Pages 353-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal tuberculosis, the great deceiver: A series of 10 cases","authors":"Francisco Teixeira Marques,&nbsp;Roberto Estêvão,&nbsp;Clara Pedro Mota,&nbsp;Nuno Lousan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Laryngeal involvement is rare in tuberculosis, representing around 1% of all cases of this infection worldwide. Given the larynx’ location in the airway, this form of tuberculosis is of particular importance because it is highly contagious. With our hospital being in a high tuberculosis burden area, we propose to characterize the clinical presentation, evolution, and laryngoscopy<span> findings of a series of laryngeal tuberculosis cases in order to reduce misdiagnosis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Epidemiological and clinical data from 10 patients diagnosed with laryngeal tuberculosis in the Otorhinolaryngology department of (Blinded for manuscript) between January 2011 and December 2021 were retrieved and analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>There were eight males and two females. Seven patients had a history of smoking and alcohol abuse and four had silicosis. </span>Hoarseness<span> was the most reported symptom (n = 9). The most frequent site of involvement were the true vocal cords<span> (n = 6). All patients but one had concomitant active pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients had full resolution of laryngeal symptoms between 4 and 16 weeks after initiating antituberculosis treatment.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Laryngeal tuberculosis is indeed a great deceiver. On one hand it can look like a simple polypoid lesion or simulate laryngopharyngeal reflux<span><span>; but on the other hand its risk factors, symptoms and appearance simulate laryngeal carcinoma<span> like no other. Since most patients present with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis, all suspect laryngeal lesions should perform a </span></span>chest radiograph prior to rigid laryngoscopy. Antituberculosis treatment is effective in both alleviating symptoms and reducing the risk of transmission.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"71 3","pages":"Pages 238-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}