Indian Journal of Tuberculosis最新文献

{"title":"Mortality among registered tuberculosis patients in Pune Municipal Corporation area, India","authors":"Jayashree Gothankar , Aarati Pokale , Purwa Doke , Shilpa Sule , Swati Chouhan , Prajakta Patil , Prashant Bothe , Prakash Doke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deaths among tuberculosis patients due to varied causes are frequently reported. Usually, the death rate is high during the first six to eight months, i.e., the intensive phase of treatment. The healthcare personnel working under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program are reluctant to ascribe death to tuberculosis and may prefer to attribute the death to other causes. On the other hand, in hospitals, most death are attributed to tuberculosis without careful death audits and reasonable investigations. Comorbidities like diabetes, HIV, drug resistance, and drug-induced toxicity consequent to administering secondary lines of drugs need due consideration while ascertaining the cause of death. The study aimed to measure mortality within one year and a maximum of two years after registration. We also determined the cause of death by conducting a verbal autopsy by medico-social workers using the WHO modified autopsy tool. Two pairs of physicians ascertained cause of death by reviewing the collected information. We obtained the consensus opinion of a pair of physicians. In case of disputed opinion, opinion of senior physician from the other group was considered final.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We obtained the list of registered tuberculosis patients in 2019–2020 in Pune Municipal Corporation. The authors conducted the study in 2021–22. The authors prepared a verbal autopsy tool based on the WHO tool. We trained the experienced medical social workers. They called registered phone numbers to know the patient's present status. The social workers paid home visits and confirmed the present status if the phone was not connected even after repeated calls. They collected all the required details, reviewed information and decided the cause of death. The collected detailed information was shared with pairs of senior physicians who ascertained the cause of death. We calculated standardized mortality ratio and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The eligible patients were 7461, and there were 506 deaths. The death rate among males was higher (8.29%) compared to females (5.02%) [χ2 (with Yates correction) = 30.73; <em>p</em> < 0.00001]. The mean age of deceased and living patients was 42.77 (S.D. = 18.07) and 38.46 (S.D. = 17.54) years, respectively (t = 5.33; <em>p</em><span><span> < 0.0001). The death rate was 3.88 per 1000 person-months. More than 60% of patients died within six months of initiation of treatment. The overall standardized mortality ratio was 9.61; it decreased as the age advanced. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the </span>overall survival<span><span> for two years was 92.7%. The common causes were pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, </span>acute coronary syndrome, and some liver injury/disease.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The standardized mortality ratio due to tuberculosis is high. The common causes of death are pneu","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercalcemia in pulmonary drug resistant tuberculosis patient on modified BPaL regimen","authors":"Shanmugapriya Kumaravadivelu, Bella Devaleenal Daniel, Prabhakaran Rathinam, S Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between first-line anti-TB and anti-diabetic drugs in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus","authors":"Mary Rebecca Yowaraj ,&nbsp;Sudha Vilvamani ,&nbsp;T. Bharathiraja ,&nbsp;A. Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Kannan Thiruvengadam ,&nbsp;Pradeep Menon ,&nbsp;Geetha Ramachandran ,&nbsp;C. Ponnuraja ,&nbsp;Muthu Vijayalakshmi ,&nbsp;J. Lavanya ,&nbsp;N. Sruthi ,&nbsp;A.K. Hemanth Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) have always been an area of interest for decades. Many studies have reported the impact of DM on the development and prognosis of TB and vice versa. There is a major research gap in the area of drug-drug interactions between anti-TB drugs and anti-diabetic drugs. Hence, this study investigated the drug-drug interactions between first-line anti-TB and anti-diabetic drugs in patients with TB and DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A prospective study was undertaken in three groups of adult patients, namely, TB, DM and DMTB from May 2018 to February 2020. Plasma concentrations of RMP, INH, PZA, MET, GLB, GLP and GLM were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>21 TB, 76 DMTB and 51 DM patients with subgroups in both DM and DMTB were recruited. It was observed that plasma levels of anti-diabetic drugs were altered in DMTB patients receiving first-line anti-TB drugs. However, the levels of anti-TB drugs were not altered in the presence of DM and irrespective of the DM status, sub-therapeutic rifampicin concentration was detected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provided the roadmap to study the impact of anti-diabetic drug interactions on anti-TB drugs and vice versa. Our study is the first of its kind to explore this puzzle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S43-S49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why have we failed in controlling tuberculosis: Historical debate?","authors":"V.K. Arora,&nbsp;K.K. Chopra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) among People Living With HIV (PLHIV) registered at ART centre in a public health facility of Western India","authors":"Jugal Hiren Bhatt ,&nbsp;Kedar Mehta ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Paragkumar Chavda ,&nbsp;Nency Kagathara","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>NACO implemented an Isoniazid 6-month preventive therapy (IPT) among PLHIV for the prevention of the incidence of tuberculosis in such a vulnerable population. Here, we evaluated the coverage of IPT among PLHIV and the factors associated with the coverage of IPT in Western India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 2017 to 2021 was collected from the ART centre as anonymous numerical data and it was kept confidential.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Records of 1332 PLHIV registered during the study period were included in the study. Out of 1332 registered PLHIV, 759 (56.98%) of them received IPT. The majority of the PLHIV were males (58.03%), within the age group of 25–50 years (77.63%), literate (76.43%), employed (62.76%), and were urban area residents (57.13%). The coverage of IPT was relatively higher in the age group of 25–50 years (59%), literate (58.6%), employed (58.37%), and those living in urban areas (59.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study evaluated the IPT coverage of around 57% among PLHIV registered at ART during 2017–2021. However, the coverage dropped to 48.4% in the year 2020 due to the pandemic. Sociodemographic factors like PLHIV in the age group of 25–50 years, their literacy status, and urban residents were found to be significantly associated with better IPT coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Briefing of pulmonary sarcoidosis: Reduction-oxidation, misleading and possibilities","authors":"Irfan Habib ,&nbsp;Junaid Jibran Jawed ,&nbsp;Tina Nasrin ,&nbsp;Soni Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with limited treatment strategies and is characterized by the presence of abnormal lumps (granulomas) of the inflammatory cells. Among the types, pulmonary sarcoidosis most commonly occurs (about 90%), affecting the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Although the cause of its occurrence is still unknown, perhaps microbes and chemical exposures, as well as genetic history, may trigger the disease occurrence. The updated scenario also depicted the interconnection between oxidative stress and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thus, the therapeutic value of the genetic consequences, as well as the redox status of pulmonary sarcoidosis, are under consideration. In addition, sarcoidosis complexity has been associated with tumor malignancy and tuberculosis. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the current status of pulmonary sarcoidosis, interference of lung cancer and tuberculosis complications, understanding of the role of reactive species in disease occurrence, and how they are associated with genetic features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV patients and their correlation with CD4+ count in a tertiary care hospital in Rishikesh, gateway to the Himalayas","authors":"Biswajeet Sahoo ,&nbsp;Pratiksha Kamboj ,&nbsp;Priyal Anand ,&nbsp;Yogendra Pratap Mathuria ,&nbsp;Mukesh Bairwa ,&nbsp;Amber Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tuberculosis is the most common serious opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. TB can occur at any time during the course of HIV infection. The estimated number of people living with HIV in India in 2019 was 23.48 lakh. With an estimated 2.5 million cases, or 195 cases per 1 lakh people, India has the highest incidence of tuberculosis cases worldwide, accounting for about 23% of all cases, according to MOHFW India. Information about HIV/TB co-infection is still scarce in India, especially in the hilly areas of Uttarakhand.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study, subjects are the patients who are diagnosed with MTB in HIV-positive patients of all age groups and sex and were followed up from January 2021 till August 2022 in a tertiary referral hospital AIIMS Rishikesh.</div><div>Diagnosis of MTB was based on clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging signs, and HIV was based on dot blot, immunochromatographic, and chemiluminescence assay.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 520 patients screened for HIV were positive. Out of which 145 were MTB in which 133 had pulmonary tuberculosis and 12 had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients' average age was 35.5 years. Among males, females and transgender, 97 (66.89%), 46 (31.72%) and 2 (1.38%) have both TB and HIV co-infections respectively.</div><div>Mean CD4 count prior to ATT was 350.21, After completion was 486.48. The prevalence of Tuberculosis among HIV positive cases was 23.8%.Baseline and latest CD4 count was conducted before and after ART and ATT treatment. It was observed that there was significant increase in the CD4 count after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HIV co-infection with TB is higher in this region. There is a role of CD4⁺ count in the prognosis and progression of the disease. More strategic measures are required for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV to combat MTB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S39-S42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of positive deviance nutrition intervention on sputum smear conversion among patients on tuberculosis medication in Kericho County, Kenya","authors":"Kirui Collins Kipkosgei ,&nbsp;Calvince Otieno Anino ,&nbsp;George Makalliwa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) still poses a significant challenge to public health globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. Despite the robust strategies, malnutrition remains a barrier to positive treatment outcomes, delaying sputum conversion. This study aimed to assess the effects of positive deviant nutrition intervention on sputum smear conversion among patients on Tuberculosis medication in Kericho County. A prospective study was conducted for patients enrolled on TB medication in both Bureti and Ainamoi Sub counties. A multistage cluster sampling was used to identify and recruit participants. The study was quasi-experimental, with a total of 192 sample units participating in the survey from the eight TB treatment catchment areas. Data was collected from January to December 2023 with sputum follow-up, a critical treatment period of six months. Data was analyzed using R 4.3.1 software. The sputum smear conversion rate for the intervention study and control arms was 96.8% and 85.2% in the 6th month, respectively. The results showed that the intervention arms demonstrated strong and significant associations between body mass index and sputum conversion at all three critical time points in 2nd month, 5th month, and 6th month with 29.51 p=&lt;0.000, 30.85 p=&lt;0.000, 35.19 p=&lt;0.000, respectively compared to their counterpart. Additionally, among the intervention group, energy intake was associated with significant optimistic estimates for sputum conversion at all critical time points, 0.76, p = 0.007: 0.86, p = 0.006: 0.91, p = 0.003 compared to those in the control group. Maintaining a better weight and consuming adequate energy were a significant factor in attaining a positive sputum conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S68-S74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubercular cervicitis – A diagnostic dilemma: Report of five cases and literature review","authors":"Anshuja Singla,&nbsp;Ritam Kumari,&nbsp;Sumita Mehta,&nbsp;Kaninika Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical tuberculosis, a relatively uncommon ailment<span><span>, primarily targets women in their reproductive years, typically aged between 20 and 45 years, hinting at a possible hormonal influence on infection susceptibility. Its clinical manifestations encompass a spectrum of symptoms ranging from post-coital and intermenstrual bleeding to, in severe instances, infertility, underscoring its significant impact on </span>reproductive health<span><span>. The disease often masquerades as cervical cancer, with cervical lesions manifesting as either papillary/vegetative growths or ulcerations, necessitating careful examination and diagnosis differentiation. Utilizing the non-invasive yet pivotal tool of cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear stands as the cornerstone in the initial investigative approach. Diagnosis hinges on the identification of characteristic features such as epithelioid and Langhans-type giant cells; however, diligent exclusion of other causes of </span>granulomatous<span> cervicitis remains imperative. Supplementary diagnostic modalities including Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining for acid-fast bacilli, fluorescence techniques, colposcopy-guided biopsies, and culture assays play pivotal roles in affirming the presence of the disease. In our presented case series encompassing five patients, each exhibits a unique constellation of symptoms indicative of tubercular cervicitis. In all instances, diagnosis is conclusively established through biopsy confirmation, reinforcing the necessity for a meticulous diagnostic approach in managing this relatively rare yet clinically significant condition.</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incipient and subclinical Tuberculosis: Clinical and epidemiological implications on Tuberculosis elimination activities","authors":"Vinod Kumar Viswanathan ,&nbsp;V.K. Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}