Indian Journal of Tuberculosis最新文献

{"title":"The prevalence of urogenital tuberculosis in people living with HIV","authors":"Bruno Duque Ramos ,&nbsp;Victor Silvestre Soares Fanni ,&nbsp;André Netto Bastos ,&nbsp;José Murillo Bastos Netto ,&nbsp;André Avarese de Figueiredo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of urogenital tuberculosis<span><span> (UGT) is not well known, especially in people living with HIV, therefore, our aim was to identify the prevalence of urogenital tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals and characterize the clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with UGT. A </span>cross sectional study<span><span><span> was conducted to characterize the prevalence of UGT in people living with HIV. PCR tests and specific culture were performed on samples from 181 patients living with HIV, divided into two groups: A) patients with suggestive UGT symptoms and b) hospitalized patients without any suggestive UGT symptoms. Only one case of UGT was diagnosed, with a positive PCR but negative specific culture, resulting in a prevalence of 0.55%. The patient had disseminated tuberculosis (miliary pulmonary, intestinal, and urogenital with bilateral nephromegaly) with acute febrile syndrome, no urogenital symptoms, but with microscopic </span>hematuria<span> and sterile pyuria. This patient had poorly controlled </span></span>HIV infection<span> with positive viral load and CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³. The prevalence of UGT in patients living with HIV is very low. However, patients with poorly controlled disease may present disseminated tuberculosis associated with UGT. Urine screening for UGT may be relevant for diagnosing disseminated tuberculosis in patients living with HIV with acute infectious syndrome.</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 83-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Diabetes among tuberculosis patients in Bengaluru is alarming: Time to tackle it efficiently!”","authors":"Shilpa Madhava Kunjathur ,&nbsp;Ronald Jaswanth Kumar Katta ,&nbsp;Sharath Burguina Nagaraja ,&nbsp;Sangeetha M D ,&nbsp;Sreenath Menon P K ,&nbsp;Anil Singarajapure","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge in India, with the country bearing the highest global burden. Co-existing with this epidemic is the surge in diabetes mellitus (DM) cases, earning India the title of \"Diabetes Capital.\"</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study investigates the association between TB and DM, focusing on the feasibility and outcomes of screening TB patients for diabetes. It also explores the challenges and opportunities for integrated care of TB-DM comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Settings</h3><div>and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 tuberculosis units in the BBMP district of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Data were collected from TB laboratory registers and through interviews with National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) healthcare providers. The study assessed the implementation of diabetes screening, challenges in the process, and suggestions for improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As part of the Quantitative data, of the 17,052 presumptive TB cases examined, 41% were aware of their diabetes status. Diabetics constituted 14.61% of the presumptive cases. Of the diagnosed TB patients, 25.2% were found to be positive for DM as well. Qualitatively, healthcare providers highlighted operational challenges, mainly concerning the timing of blood sugar testing and the need for referral to higher-level facilities. They also emphasized the importance of generating awareness among communities and training healthcare workers for on-the-spot diabetes screening.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight the urgent need for improved screening of TB patients for diabetes, timely initiation of anti-diabetic treatment, and comprehensive healthcare services under one roof. Advocacy, communication, and social mobilization strategies should be intensified to create awareness of TB-DM comorbidities in the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S60-S63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of patients with tuberculosis managed under NTEP through STEPS in a private hospital in India","authors":"Jaisy Thomas,&nbsp;Merin Yohannan,&nbsp;Rajkrishnan Soman Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><span>As the global health care commits to the ambitious goal of TB elimination, System for TB Elimination in Private Sector (STEPS) was introduced to provide appropriate standards of </span>TB care to all patients. This study aims to assess the outcome of TB patients treated under STEPS programme in a Private hospital and find any significant factors in determining favourable and unfavourable outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Private Quaternary care hospital in South India.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective study which included 163 patients diagnosed with Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis from January 2020 to June 2022. Details like clinical profile, type and site of tuberculosis, modification of ATT regimen, adverse effects and outcomes were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population included 62.6% males. 45.3% had Type-2 Diabetes mellitus. More than half of the cases were Extra-Pulmonary TB (52.2%) and 54.6% had microbiological confirmation. The Cure Rate in Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary TB cases were 76.7% and 79.2% respectively. 29 patients expired during TB treatment out of which 41.3% had renal failure. Advanced age and chronic kidney disease as a co-morbidity were significant in causing unfavourable outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Proper implementation of STEPS can help in 100% TB notification and effective care of TB patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S18-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of post-pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae and its management in a tertiary care facility in South India","authors":"Swathy Govindaswamy ,&nbsp;Venugopal Jaganathan ,&nbsp;Abdul kadhar Sathick Batcha ,&nbsp;Mowfiya Nazeer ,&nbsp;Simran Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Swetha Balasubramaniyam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) sequelae are chest alterations caused by pulmonary tuberculosis problems, even after treatment and infection elimination. These alterations can cause pulmonary dysfunction, ranging from mild irregularities to acute dyspnea, increasing the risk of respiratory-related deaths. Current research aims to investigate the type, severity, clinical management, and impact on quality of life in affected individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A prospective observational study with 66 patients was carried out in a South Indian tertiary care facility. We gathered sociodemographic and clinical data from the patients. Imaging investigations (chest X-ray, CT scans) and pulmonary function test reports (Spirometry) were used to assess the post-pulmonary TB sequelae. The patient's quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 66 patients, 66.7% were men, and the average age was 57.2 years. According to radiological analysis, most patients had airway difficulties (38%), followed by parenchymal problems (36.3%). Obstruction was the most typical abnormality identified (81.9%). Bronchodilators, LABA + ICS, SABA, leukotriene antagonists, antibiotics, and other fixed medications treat post-PTB sequelae. Substantial impairment was observed in quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients who have had pulmonary TB are prone to post-TB respiratory symptoms and sequelae. The quality of life noticeably declined. This study's findings underscore the importance of robust, evidence-based guidelines and practical implementation techniques for managing post-pulmonary TB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S75-S79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalizing TB forums: A strategy to accelerate TB elimination","authors":"Padukudru Anand Mahesh ,&nbsp;Raman Arora ,&nbsp;Salil Bhargava ,&nbsp;Rajendra P. Joshi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Shiraz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mudassar Azeez Khan ,&nbsp;Manoj Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 86-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in diagnosing primary tubercular chorioretinitis and ocular tuberculosis in resource-limited settings of Bangladesh","authors":"Ibrahim Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis is a pressing global health concern that affects not only the respiratory system but also various extrapulmonary sites. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, tuberculosis can also manifest outside the lungs. The ocular involvement of tuberculosis, often presenting as primary tuberculous chorioretinitis (PTCR), poses a significant diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals. This review article sheds light on the intricate nature of diagnosing tuberculous infectious diseases in Bangladesh, highlighting the specific challenges faced in this setting. Despite commendable progress in tuberculosis control in Bangladesh, the advanced diagnosis of tuberculosis, particularly when it involves the eyes, presents formidable obstacles. This is especially true in cases of primary tuberculous chorioretinitis, which can pose a grave threat to vision and lead to life-threatening conditions, particularly in resource-poor settings. The article underscores the necessity for innovative and improvised diagnostic approaches to address the unique nature of these cases. Furthermore, the article delves into the implications of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the eye, emphasizing its potential to cause severe blindness. To mitigate bias and enhance patient outcomes, the healthcare community must focus on raising public awareness, improving diagnostic techniques, and ensuring adherence to regulatory standards. This multifaceted approach is essential to effectively combat the challenges posed by tuberculosis, particularly in cases involving ocular manifestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S80-S84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and epidemiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among elderly population residing in old age homes in Salem district, Tamilnadu","authors":"Shini Preetha Nirmalson ,&nbsp;Vijayakarthikeyan M ,&nbsp;Thenmozhi M.D","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. One of the high risk groups for tuberculosis is the elderly population due to factors like physiological ageing related changes, presence of comorbidities and immunodeficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>1. To estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly population residing in selected old age homes.2. To assess the epidemiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly population residing in selected old age homes.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>An analytical cross sectional study was carried out among elderly inmates (N – 300) of selected 10 old age homes in Salem district of Tamilnadu. A pre tested semi-structured questionnaire was used as a study tool for data collection. Investigations like CBNAAT and X ray were carried out on individuals with presumptive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 300 participants, about 50.7% were between 61 and 70 Years and 60.7% were females. Nearly 4.3% were current smokers, 28.7% were hypertensive and 20.6% were diabetic About 15.6% had cough, 11.2% had fever and 4.8% had hemoptysis Prevalence of tuberculosis was 2.6% (260 per 10,000 popultion) in this study. Tuberculosis was reported more in Females, those with presumptive symptoms, underweight individuals, those living in dormitory and those with comorbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results indicate that the key population should be concentrated for routine screening for tuberculosis. Pro-active interventions to seek and diagnose TB disease among older adults are more effective than traditional passive case-finding as we march towards elimination of tuberculosis in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S55-S59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with delay of patients with cough to tuberculosis treatment centres in selected DOTS in South-West Nigeria","authors":"Olatunde Olayanju ,&nbsp;Idemudia Otaigbe ,&nbsp;Kolawole Sodeinde ,&nbsp;Olumide Abiodun ,&nbsp;Akindele Adebiyi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The recent gain in the fight against Tuberculosis is potentially being threatened by the delays in the diagnosis and treatment of infected patients. These patients continue to make contacts with other people in the community and spread the disease without knowing. Thus, there is a need to identify the factors associated with these delays and the possibility of mitigating them.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three primary health care centres with high burden of tuberculosis were selected for this study. Patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis was recruited, delays for presentation at the health centres were evaluated and associated factors were determined using their clinical records and a standard questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 135 patients met the criteria for this study, and 68 (50.4%) of them were males. Two levels of delays were identified: delay between symptoms onset and presentation in health centres and delays between diagnosis and treatment commencement. Factors associated with these delays were: socio-economic status (p = 0.006), type of area of residence (p = 0.015), current smoking status (p = 0.016) and seeking treatment elsewhere before the current ailment (p = 0.037).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that socio-economic factors, area of residence, cigarette smoking and previous presentation at other health facilities were factors associated with delays at DOTS centres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical accuracy of IS6110-based molecular techniques for diagnosis of abdominal TB: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hamidreza Zivarifar ,&nbsp;Forough Ahrari ,&nbsp;Nazanin Ataee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It is mostly diagnosed with difficulty due to lower bacterial content. The present study evaluated the clinical accuracy of <em>IS6110</em>-based molecular techniques for diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases to collect studies that investigated the accuracy of <em>IS6110</em>-based molecular techniques for diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis until October 2024. After evaluating the studies and compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and the area under the curve (AUC), were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There are 20 eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, as well as diagnostic odds ratio for <em>IS6110</em>-based molecular techniques was about 58% (95%CI: 54–61), 94% (95%CI: 92–96), as well as 35.11 (95 %CI: 16.91–72.87). The summary of the area under the curve (sROC) indicated the excellent efficacy of this method for diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis (sROC: 0.94). According to sub-group analysis, the diagnostic efficacy of intestinal TB is higher than peritoneal tuberculosis. Based on the specimen types, tissue samples have higher diagnostic accuracy than ascetic fluid samples. In addition, the clinical efficacy of both fresh and frozen samples for the detection of abdominal tuberculosis is higher than paraffin-embedded samples. However; there are significant heterogeneity rates in most cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current study showed the clinical efficacy of <em>IS6110</em>-based molecular methods for rapid and accurate diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis regardless of the molecular test, TB type, sample type, sample condition, and study design. However, the current results need to be further strengthened by additional investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S85-S90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis and sleep – An underexplored association?","authors":"Avishek Layek,&nbsp;Tejas Menon Suri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis is a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide. On the other hand, sleep is a vital determinant of human health and profoundly influences immunity and cardiometabolic health. Both tuberculosis and sleep disorders are highly prevalent conditions, especially in developing countries, which face a dual epidemic of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Sleep quality/disorders and tuberculosis may potentially have bidirectional relationships of public health significance. This article summarizes the current literature that explores the associations between sleep and tuberculosis, their pathophysiological basis, and potential future research avenues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S91-S93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}