Indian Journal of Tuberculosis最新文献

{"title":"An observational study on the spectrum of cutaneous adverse reactions to antitubercular drugs and their management","authors":"Seema Goel ,&nbsp;Aurelia Goyal ,&nbsp;Vishal Chopra ,&nbsp;Ritu Mittal ,&nbsp;Sharang Gupta ,&nbsp;Rajat Deep Sidhu ,&nbsp;Nimarbir Kaur Dhanju","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue, ranking as the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Management of tuberculosis requires administration of multiple drugs for varied duration which increases the risk of developing adverse reactions. Among various adverse reactions are cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) which can be immune mediated or non immune mediated.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>1. To study the clinical, epidemiological, and morphological characteristics of cutaneous adverse reactions resulting from antitubercular treatment. 2. To study the outcomes of cutaneous adverse reactions to antitubercular therapy using the Modified Hartwig and Seigel severity assessment scale and rechallenge protocol, and assess the effectiveness of management strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>ology: A longitudinal observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year at department of Pulmonology and Dermatology at tertiary care institute to assess CARs in patients on antitubercular treatment. Rechallenge was done in eligible patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 3164 TB patients on anti-tubercular treatment (ATT), 56 developed CARs, yielding an incidence rate of 1.77% per year. The study found female preponderance, with the most affected age groups being 21–30 and 41–50 years. Most CARs occurred within the first 30 days of ATT initiation, predominantly manifesting as maculopapular rash. Factors such as multiple medication use, diabetes, elderly age, and positive HIV status were associated with CARs. Ethambutol was identified as the most frequently implicated drug in the occurrence of cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) upon rechallenge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Effective management of CARs involves appropriate treatment, careful monitoring, and rechallenge protocols to identify culprit drugs while minimizing the risk of severe reactions.Upon complete resolution of initial adverse reaction, one must do rechallenge meticulously to pinpoint culprit drug and ensuring effective tuberculosis treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 386-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Intensified case finding of tuberculosis among diabetes mellitus patients attending non-communicable disease clinic in a tertiary care hospital – An implementation research”","authors":"Subalakshmi S ,&nbsp;Kalaiselvan G ,&nbsp;Rajalakshmi M ,&nbsp;Badrinath AK","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;For ending the epidemic of TB by the year 2030, along in line with Sustainable Development Goals, it is essential to address the TB associated co-morbidities. Prevalence of diabetes influencing TB incidence and mortality is higher when compared to other co-morbidities like HIV infection, smoking, alcoholism and malnutrition. Therefore, this study was conducted with the following objectives: 1.To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on implementation of TB-DM collaborative activity using four symptom complex strategy and to explore the patient and healthcare providers related factors that contribute in implementation of the activity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study was undertaken by Department of Community Medicine, Sri Manankula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry for a period of 18 months in the Out Patient Departments of General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopedics, DOTS center and Designated Microscopy Centre. It was an embedded sequential experimental study, done among the health care professionals (CRRI, Postgraduates and staff nurse) who were involved in process of 4s complex screening for DM patients and the stakeholders who were involved in implementation of NTEP activity. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase I: baseline survey and identification of intervention strategies, Phase II: implementation of the intervention and Phase III: end line survey.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Data entry and analysis&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Manual content analysis was done for Qualitative data. The Quantitative data were entered into Epi Info software (version 7.2.2.6) and analyzed in SPSS software (version 24). Comparison of knowledge among the health care professionals before and after sensitization was calculated using Mc nemar test. It was considered statistically significant when the p value was &lt;0.005. The analysis of free list and pile sort data was undertaken using Anthropac 4.98.1/X software.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Challenges obtained from stakeholders in implementing the activity were categorized as patient related factor, health care professional related factor and screening and reporting related factor. Suggested solutions were generating awareness at patient level, display of IEC tools, periodical sensitization for the staff, inter-departmental co-ordination, monitoring and re-enforcing the activity in core-committee meetings. After sensitization, the knowledge on joint TB-DM collaborative activity was significantly improved among the health care professionals. By implementing the four symptom complex screening activity in NCD clinic, 6480 DM patients were screened and 176 (2.7%) presumptive TB cases were identified. Of which, 136 of them reached DMC for sputum examination. Among them 44 (35.4%) had active TB infection. The Number Needed to Screen to yield a case of TB was 147.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion and recommend","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis preventive treatment among the household contacts of tuberculosis patients – Coverage and correlates in a block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ophelia Mukherjee,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar Das,&nbsp;Mrinmoy Adhikary,&nbsp;Ritu Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>India started implementing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among all household contacts of Tuberculosis (TB) cases, as a globally accepted strategy for elimination of TB.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to assess the extent of TPT coverage and adherence; ascertain the reasons for non-initiation and non-adherence; and to determine the correlates of coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study in a block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal during September–November’2023. A calculated sample of 301 eligible household contacts of ‘index cases’ (microbiologically-confirmed drug-sensitive pulmonary TB) registered during October’22 to March’23 were studied. We interviewed the participants/respondents with pre-designed schedule and prior informed consent<span>. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20).</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 301 contacts, 179(59.5%) individually traced/counseled at the household; 238 (79.1%) were screened for TB symptoms. TPT initiation was 74.8% (225/301) with 47.1% within seven days of treatment initiation of index case; TPT not offered by health personnel (59.2%) being major reason for non-initiation. Completion rate with adherence to full course was 69.3% (156/225); perceived lack of need (50.7%) and migration (21.7%) being major reasons for non-adherence. Overall coverage of full course TPT among total eligible contacts was only 51.8% (156/301). On multivariable logistic regression; male gender (aOR = 1.982; 95% CI = 1.004–3.915), contacts with individual tracing/counseling (aOR = 13.507; 95% CI = 6.781–26.906) and who had symptoms screening (aOR = 5.694; 95% CI = 2.223–14.587) predicted significantly higher TPT coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cascade of care indicators for TPT remains suboptimal in the area and indicates need for further strengthening of programmatic aspects of its implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective analysis of active case finding (ACF) strategy to detect pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in selected public health care facilities of the northern state, India","authors":"Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Charu Guleria ,&nbsp;Desh Bhandu Sharma ,&nbsp;Dhwaja Katoch ,&nbsp;Agrim Pathania ,&nbsp;Tanvi Dhadwal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In addition to passive case finding (PCF), active case finding (ACF) strategy under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program is a vital secondary prevention intervention under National Strategic Plan (NSP). The present study was conducted to assess ACF's cost-effectiveness compared to PCF in selected public health facilities for the detection of presumptive TB cases under NTEP.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected seven public health facilities of a health block of one district of Himachal Pradesh. Bottom-up costing method was used with bootstrapping of results to assess incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (CEAC) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean cost for ACF and PCF with US$ 3325.8 and 3006.0 respectively to detect all presumptive PTB cases; and US$ 4121.2 and to US$ 3709.0 to confirm all PTB cases. Below WTP threshold (per capita income US$ 2735), WTP 80.3% of simulated ICER values were cost-effective. CEAC showed that saturation was achieved around US$ 300 indicating a likely WTP threshold at which 79.5% of simulated values were cost-effective. For both strategies, One way sensitivity analysis showed the cost is influenced mostly by human resources.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current study used bottom-up costing method in public health care facilities observed ACF as a cost-effective strategy in reaching out for presumptive PTB. The major cost driver in both strategies is human resource for training, travelling, and administration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 380-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single stage total hip replacement in active tuberculosis of hip: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Vishal Kumar ,&nbsp;Sitanshu Barik ,&nbsp;Shivji Prajapati ,&nbsp;Lakshmana S. Das ,&nbsp;Vikash Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Total hip replacement (THR) in the tuberculous (TB) hip joint can be done in the same sitting or in a staged manner. The study aimed to analyse evidence within the current literature on single-stage THR in active TB hip in terms of duration and regimen of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT), timing of surgery, approach to hip, additional surgical procedures done, implants used, complications and outcomes. Articles were searched according to Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Mata Analysis (PRISMA) format. The inclusion criteria for the articles were 1) original articles reporting the outcomes of arthroplasty in active TB hip joint, 2) reporting the timing of ATT with regards to the surgery and 3) follow up more than 2 years. Post-operative ATT was continued in all the studies for a period ranging from 9 to 18 months. The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) of all the studies was more than 80, signifying good functional improvement. Earlier concern regarding the worsening of disease condition seems misplaced with the current evidence. Ceramic implants are preferred for THR due to their improved longevity. There is objective improvement in the function of the joint, after surgery. Adequate ATT and debridement from an inalienable part of one-stage THR in TB hip joint and post-operative ATT for at least 12 months or more depending on the inflammatory signs and markers are advised for successful outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 409-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield from active case finding of tuberculosis cases among tribal population","authors":"Nirav Nimavat ,&nbsp;Niraj Pandit ,&nbsp;Kalpita Shringarpure ,&nbsp;Bhavesh Modi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>For underdeveloped nations like India, tuberculosis (TB) ranks high among the top killers. The global death toll from tuberculosis is 1.5 million. In addition to setting a goal of elimination by 2025, India has made Tuberculosis (TB) a priority in its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The government has initiated Active Case Finding (ACF) to conduct house-to-house surveys and identify cases in order to reach the target. The purpose of this research is to assess the results of ACF in tribal district.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All tuberculosis (TB) cases reported through the ACF process within a certain time period were included in the present cross-sectional analysis, which comprised all villages of Chhota udepur district. In order to conduct the study among the tribal community, the Health and Family Welfare Department provided funding and approval.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among all reported cases, 3828 presumptive TB cases were identified in 2019, 3033 in 2020, 3256 in 2021, 2956 in 2022 and 3047 in 2023. In 2019, 89 tuberculosis patients were diagnosed and enrolled in treatment. This increased to 118 patients in 2020, 95 in 2021, 115 in 2022 and 103 in 2023 because of ACF activity. Considering the number of people screened for each year, the ACF screening yield of 760 per 1 lakh in 2019 slightly increased to 820 per lakh population in 2020, 780 per lakh population in 2021, 1002 per lakh population in 2022 and 950 per lakh population in 2023. This increased the total case reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>As a result of the effects of Active Case Finding, the study found that the reporting of tuberculosis cases in the tribal district increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 332-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF for extrapulmonary non-spinal osteoarticular tuberculosis","authors":"Sanika Rapole,&nbsp;Siddharth Aiyer,&nbsp;Warid Altaf,&nbsp;Parag Sancheti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Conventional diagnostics for Osteoarticular Tuberculosis (OATB) are slow and prone to inaccuracy due to low bacterial load, delaying treatment. Xpert MTB/RIF is WHO-recommended for TB cases, but there is a dearth of literature for non-spinal OATB.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a 4-year study (Sept 2016–Feb 2020), non-spinal osteoarticular infections were retrospectively analyzed. Xpert MTB/RIF sensitivity and specificity were evaluated against tuberculosis defined by histology and culture against patients having culture-isolated pyogenic infections as a reference standard for negative tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 26 OATB patients, 2 were culture-positive, 4 histopathology-positive, and 2 positive for both. The overall results of Xpert MTB/RIF were 86.9% negative predictive value (NPV), 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), &amp; 65.3% sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The sensitivity &amp; specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF in non-spinal OATB are lower, despite its effectiveness in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 342-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the results of tuberculosis interferon-gamma release assays before and after the SARS CoV-2 pandemic","authors":"Ameni Jerbi ,&nbsp;Sawsan Feki ,&nbsp;Lassaad Chtourou ,&nbsp;Hend Hachicha ,&nbsp;Hela Fourati ,&nbsp;Fouzia Ben Amor ,&nbsp;Wafa Ben Moallem ,&nbsp;Sofien Baklouti ,&nbsp;Nabil Tahri ,&nbsp;Hatem Masmoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>Patients infected with SARS-COV-2 were observed to have a significant occurrence of indeterminate results in interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) release assays (IGRAs). However, the results of IGRAs in a post-COVID-19 pandemic context were not studied. We aimed to compare the results of the QuantiFERON®(QFT)-TB Plus test before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>We conducted a comparative study at the Immunology department comparing two groups of QFT-TB requests received for the screening of latent </span>tuberculosis infection (LTBI): (A) a control group: including QFT-TB tests received before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018–December 2019), and (B) a \"post-pandemic\" group including QFT-TB tests performed between January and December 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 122 patients, with an average age of 44 years (standard deviation: 1.27) and a female-to-male ratio of 1.17. Of these, 12% exhibited lymphopenia<span><span>, and 41% were undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive<span> or corticosteroid medications. The control group (n = 60) and the post-pandemic group (n = 62) had comparable rates of negative and positive QFT-TB results (67% vs. 86%, and 5% vs. 6%, respectively). Indeterminate QFT-TB results were significantly higher in the post-pandemic group (8%vs.28%, p = 0.002). Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the post-pandemic group (1540/μL [400–3430] vs. 2035/μL, p = 0.004) but remained within the lower limit of normal. There was an increased mitogen-induced IFN- ɣ production in the post-pandemic group (6.89 UI/mL [0.1–10] vs. 3.08[0.12–10], p = 0.007). IFN- ɣ production in Nil, Tb1, and Tb2 tubes, </span></span>white blood cell count<span>, and neutrophil count did not differ between the groups.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a post-pandemic context, the specific response of T-cells to TB antigens does not seem to be affected. The increased mitogen-induced IFN- ɣ production contrasting with the decreased lymphocyte count is in favor of a sustained cellular immune activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 304-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in India: Comprehensive SWOC analysis","authors":"Ponmani P. ,&nbsp;Ratnesh Sinha ,&nbsp;Sayan Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems which has cursed humanity for centuries. 45 % of the global incidence of TB and 50% of global mortality due to TB is contributed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) South-East Asia (SEA) Region. India is the top contributor to TB burden in the world. In order to combat TB, India has developed and revised its health program regularly. India started its effort by launching the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) in 1962, which was gradually revised into the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in 1993 and now it is known as the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) in 2020. In spite of the WHO's target of ending TB globally by 2035, the Indian government intends to accomplish this by 2025.</div><div>NTEP's National Strategic Plan (NSP) 2017–2025 aims to eliminate TB, by focusing on reducing TB incidence, related deaths, and out-of-pocket expenditure. NSP 2017–2025 has four pillars: Detect, Treat, Prevent, and Build. These pillars emphasise the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of TB; treatment of TB; control and spread of TB infection; and focus on community participation. Unless the NSP's strengths are not strengthened further, weaknesses are not addressed, and opportunities and challenges are not fulfilled, the goal of eradicating tuberculosis will remain a pipe dream.</div><div>Our review has focussed on the Strength – Weakness – Opportunities - Challenges (SWOC) of NTEP highlighting the efforts of the Indian Health System in combating TB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 275-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumatosis Intestinalis a not so rare complication of COPD","authors":"Muskaan Banyal ,&nbsp;Neha Kashyap","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumatosis Intestinalis, though cannot be considered a diagnosis, but is a rare yet concerning finding encountered among patients who have been on oxygen support. Current article is a review that has taken into account a few case studies that have studied individuals with COPD for the incidence of the condition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Existing literature was probed for information required with the help of databases available online depending upon the access, which were PubMed, Google scholar, Ovid and Pedro. Upon looking into all the data and information case studies were selected for the article owing to the information precision regarding the condition under study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of four case studies were shortlisted for the article. These were the studies conducted on individuals diagnosed with COPD and had been found to develop PI. The case studies reported the occurrence and the management of PI among COPD diagnosed individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The review gives an insight about incidence of PI in patients with COPD in justification of mechanical theory proposed for PI. The first line of management being the nutritional modifications and medications and increased mobility in case of conservative treatment, while surgery might be looked up to in severe cases.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical implications</h3><div>knowing the chances of incidence of this condition can help prevent occurrence of PI. Nevertheless, early diagnosis in case of PI prevailing along with COPD, particularly amongst those on support with oxygen via high flow oxygen devices, can be of benefit for the patients as it helps avoid future complication on being dealt with at a relatively lower severity and reduce the risk of mortality among such patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 3","pages":"Pages 407-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}