Indian Journal of Tuberculosis最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with delay of patients with cough to tuberculosis treatment centres in selected DOTS in South-West Nigeria","authors":"Olatunde Olayanju ,&nbsp;Idemudia Otaigbe ,&nbsp;Kolawole Sodeinde ,&nbsp;Olumide Abiodun ,&nbsp;Akindele Adebiyi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The recent gain in the fight against Tuberculosis is potentially being threatened by the delays in the diagnosis and treatment of infected patients. These patients continue to make contacts with other people in the community and spread the disease without knowing. Thus, there is a need to identify the factors associated with these delays and the possibility of mitigating them.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three primary health care centres with high burden of tuberculosis were selected for this study. Patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis was recruited, delays for presentation at the health centres were evaluated and associated factors were determined using their clinical records and a standard questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 135 patients met the criteria for this study, and 68 (50.4%) of them were males. Two levels of delays were identified: delay between symptoms onset and presentation in health centres and delays between diagnosis and treatment commencement. Factors associated with these delays were: socio-economic status (p = 0.006), type of area of residence (p = 0.015), current smoking status (p = 0.016) and seeking treatment elsewhere before the current ailment (p = 0.037).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that socio-economic factors, area of residence, cigarette smoking and previous presentation at other health facilities were factors associated with delays at DOTS centres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalizing TB forums: A strategy to accelerate TB elimination","authors":"Padukudru Anand Mahesh ,&nbsp;Raman Arora ,&nbsp;Salil Bhargava ,&nbsp;Rajendra P. Joshi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Shiraz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mudassar Azeez Khan ,&nbsp;Manoj Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 86-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculous meningitis in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, during 2016 to 2022","authors":"Chinmayee Mohanty ,&nbsp;Triyambakesh Mohanty ,&nbsp;Sarita Kar ,&nbsp;Sujeet Kumar ,&nbsp;Sunil Swick Rout ,&nbsp;Himadri Bhusan Bal ,&nbsp;Subrat Kumar Barik ,&nbsp;Jyotirmayee Turuk ,&nbsp;Dasarathi Das ,&nbsp;Sooman Sundaray ,&nbsp;Prasanta Kumar Hota ,&nbsp;Sanghamitra Pati ,&nbsp;Sidhartha Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span><span>The burden of tuberculous meningitis<span><span> varies substantially by location, and is influenced by the overall burden of tuberculosis in that geographical area, and the age structure<span> of the population. Conventional methods for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis include </span></span>acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. AFB smear has low sensitivity and culture techniques are time consuming. During the last few years, rapid and sensitive molecular methods such as cartridge based </span></span>nucleic acid amplification technique (CBNAAT) is being used for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. In this study, we evaluated the burden of tuberculosis and </span>rifampicin resistance in suspected cases of tuberculous meningitis in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, during February 2016 to December 2022 using CBNAAT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>Under the National Strategic Plan 2012–2017, CBNAAT machines were rolled out in 2016, of which 1 was installed in the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Tuberculosis in Bhubaneswar. For this study, retrospective data on CBNAAT testing of cerebrospinal fluid<span> (CSF) samples at the NRL was collected and analyzed from February 2016 to December 2022. All the demographic and laboratory data were entered in Excel 2010 (Microsoft office, USA) for data analysis. The age and sex distribution of the presumptive TB patients, proportion of samples referred from public and private health care facilities, proportion of </span></span><em>M. tuberculosis</em><span> positive CSF samples along with sensitivity to rifampicin was evaluated. The study was approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During February 2016 to December 2022, a total of 1627 CSF samples from presumptive TB meningitis patients were received in the NRL for CBNAAT testing. 60.7% (988/1627) of the presumptive TB patients were males. Of the 1627 patients, 3.1% (50/1627) were positive for <em>M. Tuberculosis</em> by CBNAAT. 56% (28/50) of the patients positive for tuberculous meningitis were males. The positivity for <em>M. tuberculosis</em> varied from 2.1% in 2017 to 5.1% in 2021. The CSF positivity for <em>M. tuberculosis</em> ranged from 0.7% in patients aged &gt;60 years to 6.1% in 15–30 years age group. Of the 50 <em>M. tuberculosis</em> positive samples, 6% (3/50) were resistant for rifampicin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study which included more than 1600 samples over a period of approximately 7 years found a 3.1% positivity for <em>M. tuberculosis</em> in CSF samples using CBNAAT. 6% of the <em>M. tuberculosis</em> positive samples were resistant to rifampicin. Future studies involving data from other districts of Odisha will help provide a more accurate information on the prevalence of tuberculous meningitis in Odisha state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality among registered tuberculosis patients in Pune Municipal Corporation area, India","authors":"Jayashree Gothankar ,&nbsp;Aarati Pokale ,&nbsp;Purwa Doke ,&nbsp;Shilpa Sule ,&nbsp;Swati Chouhan ,&nbsp;Prajakta Patil ,&nbsp;Prashant Bothe ,&nbsp;Prakash Doke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Deaths among tuberculosis patients due to varied causes are frequently reported. Usually, the death rate is high during the first six to eight months, i.e., the intensive phase of treatment. The healthcare personnel working under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program are reluctant to ascribe death to tuberculosis and may prefer to attribute the death to other causes. On the other hand, in hospitals, most death are attributed to tuberculosis without careful death audits and reasonable investigations. Comorbidities like diabetes, HIV, drug resistance, and drug-induced toxicity consequent to administering secondary lines of drugs need due consideration while ascertaining the cause of death. The study aimed to measure mortality within one year and a maximum of two years after registration. We also determined the cause of death by conducting a verbal autopsy by medico-social workers using the WHO modified autopsy tool. Two pairs of physicians ascertained cause of death by reviewing the collected information. We obtained the consensus opinion of a pair of physicians. In case of disputed opinion, opinion of senior physician from the other group was considered final.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We obtained the list of registered tuberculosis patients in 2019–2020 in Pune Municipal Corporation. The authors conducted the study in 2021–22. The authors prepared a verbal autopsy tool based on the WHO tool. We trained the experienced medical social workers. They called registered phone numbers to know the patient's present status. The social workers paid home visits and confirmed the present status if the phone was not connected even after repeated calls. They collected all the required details, reviewed information and decided the cause of death. The collected detailed information was shared with pairs of senior physicians who ascertained the cause of death. We calculated standardized mortality ratio and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The eligible patients were 7461, and there were 506 deaths. The death rate among males was higher (8.29%) compared to females (5.02%) [χ2 (with Yates correction) = 30.73; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001]. The mean age of deceased and living patients was 42.77 (S.D. = 18.07) and 38.46 (S.D. = 17.54) years, respectively (t = 5.33; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.0001). The death rate was 3.88 per 1000 person-months. More than 60% of patients died within six months of initiation of treatment. The overall standardized mortality ratio was 9.61; it decreased as the age advanced. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the &lt;/span&gt;overall survival&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; for two years was 92.7%. The common causes were pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, &lt;/span&gt;acute coronary syndrome, and some liver injury/disease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The standardized mortality ratio due to tuberculosis is high. The common causes of death are pneu","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of comparison of medical thoracoscopic guided biopsy versus closed pleural biopsy for etiological diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Dipti Gothi ,&nbsp;Umesh Chandra Ojha ,&nbsp;Nipun Malhotra ,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar ,&nbsp;Anshul Jain ,&nbsp;Mahismita Patro ,&nbsp;Divya Goyal ,&nbsp;Ram Babu Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span>Medical thoracoscopy (MT) has gained widespread acceptance in the diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative </span>pleural effusions. In developing countries, including India medical thoracoscopy is not widely available.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>1. To analyze the yield of closed pleural biopsy (CPB) in comparison with MT in the diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions. 2. Comparison of complications between CPB and MT.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted in a tertiary care centre, from January 2020 to September 2021. The patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions were included in the study. The enrolled patients were randomized into two groups, group A and group B. Total of 38 patients were taken, 19 patients in each group. Group A was subjected to MT. Group B was subjected to CPB with cope's needle. Ultrasound was used to mark the site of pleural effusion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diagnostic yield was 78.9% in both MT and CPB group. CPB was significantly less painful procedure compared to MT. The duration of hospital stay was also significantly less in CPB as compared to MT (P &lt; 0.001). CPB was associated with 5.3% mortality and there was no mortality in MT group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study recommends that, in the era of medical thoracoscopy, closed pleural biopsy still holds a significant role in the diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions especially where prevalence of tuberculosis is high. It is also a cost effective approach in developing countries like India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy diagnosed with latent tuberculosis: A retrospective assessment of the outcome in Tanzania","authors":"Karol J Marwa ,&nbsp;Rachel Maingu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People infected with HIV are at a higher risk up to 20-folds of developing active TB<span> than those not infected with HIV. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) is employed in HIV eligible individuals to prevent progression of active tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, there is limited data on the efficacy of IPT in clinical settings in Tanzania and other parts of the world. This study was carried to assess the real-time IPT effectiveness in preventing TB incidences among HIV infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was carried employing secondary data of 1000 HIV infected individuals receiving anti-retroviral therapy. TB incidence and associated factors were determined after a four years follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1000 people were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 44.87 years. The incidence rate was 7.37/1000 person-years (PY) [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.96-13.71]. One percent (1%) of patients developed active tuberculosis within four years of follow up after receiving isoniazid tablets as part of IPT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IPT has a high efficacy in preventing active TB development among HIV infected individuals on ART in clinical settings thus warranting the scale up of IPT services in the country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46660820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercalcemia in pulmonary drug resistant tuberculosis patient on modified BPaL regimen","authors":"Shanmugapriya Kumaravadivelu,&nbsp;Bella Devaleenal Daniel,&nbsp;Prabhakaran Rathinam,&nbsp;S Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) among People Living With HIV (PLHIV) registered at ART centre in a public health facility of Western India","authors":"Jugal Hiren Bhatt ,&nbsp;Kedar Mehta ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Paragkumar Chavda ,&nbsp;Nency Kagathara","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>NACO implemented an Isoniazid 6-month preventive therapy (IPT) among PLHIV for the prevention of the incidence of tuberculosis in such a vulnerable population. Here, we evaluated the coverage of IPT among PLHIV and the factors associated with the coverage of IPT in Western India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 2017 to 2021 was collected from the ART centre as anonymous numerical data and it was kept confidential.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Records of 1332 PLHIV registered during the study period were included in the study. Out of 1332 registered PLHIV, 759 (56.98%) of them received IPT. The majority of the PLHIV were males (58.03%), within the age group of 25–50 years (77.63%), literate (76.43%), employed (62.76%), and were urban area residents (57.13%). The coverage of IPT was relatively higher in the age group of 25–50 years (59%), literate (58.6%), employed (58.37%), and those living in urban areas (59.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study evaluated the IPT coverage of around 57% among PLHIV registered at ART during 2017–2021. However, the coverage dropped to 48.4% in the year 2020 due to the pandemic. Sociodemographic factors like PLHIV in the age group of 25–50 years, their literacy status, and urban residents were found to be significantly associated with better IPT coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Briefing of pulmonary sarcoidosis: Reduction-oxidation, misleading and possibilities","authors":"Irfan Habib ,&nbsp;Junaid Jibran Jawed ,&nbsp;Tina Nasrin ,&nbsp;Soni Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with limited treatment strategies and is characterized by the presence of abnormal lumps (granulomas) of the inflammatory cells. Among the types, pulmonary sarcoidosis most commonly occurs (about 90%), affecting the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Although the cause of its occurrence is still unknown, perhaps microbes and chemical exposures, as well as genetic history, may trigger the disease occurrence. The updated scenario also depicted the interconnection between oxidative stress and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thus, the therapeutic value of the genetic consequences, as well as the redox status of pulmonary sarcoidosis, are under consideration. In addition, sarcoidosis complexity has been associated with tumor malignancy and tuberculosis. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the current status of pulmonary sarcoidosis, interference of lung cancer and tuberculosis complications, understanding of the role of reactive species in disease occurrence, and how they are associated with genetic features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why have we failed in controlling tuberculosis: Historical debate?","authors":"V.K. Arora,&nbsp;K.K. Chopra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}