Indian Journal of Tuberculosis最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of utilization of nutritional support scheme vis a vis nutritional status of tuberculosis patients on nutritional support scheme","authors":"Mongjam Meghachandra Singh ,&nbsp;Pragya Sharma ,&nbsp;Anshita Mishra ,&nbsp;Madan Mohan Majhi ,&nbsp;Nidhi Bhatnagar ,&nbsp;K.K. Chopra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tuberculosis and undernutrition is a well-known association and form a vicious cycle. A nutritional support scheme under the name of NIKSHAY POSHAN YOJANA (NPY) was launched in April 2018 where a direct bank transfer of INR 500 was made to the patients enrolled in the NIKSHAY portal monthly to support the nutritional needs of the patients. The study was undertaken to study the implementation and utilization of the benefit among tuberculosis patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1000 patients were enrolled in the study who have completed their treatment under the Tuberculosis unit of Rao Tula Ram Memorial Hospital in South West Delhi.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age ±S.D. of the study participants was 33.94 ± 15.38 years. Majority (55.2%) were males. More than half (51.6%) of the study participants had not received the incentive money till the completion of their treatment while 53.9% of the participants had received at least one installment but not all of them. Amongst those who received, 90.1% of participants spent it on their nutrition while the remaining spent it on other expenses. The major reason for not receiving the incentive or the delay in receiving it was found to be lack of funds with the Government (84.5%) or lack of communication with the healthcare workers (29.1%). The improvement in their nutritional status (weight and BMI) was found significant in all the participants while it was comparatively more among those who received the monetary suport than those who did not receive it.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The nutritional support scheme had a significant improvement in the nutritional status of the beneficiaries. It can be improved with better communication from the healthcare workers and timely implementation so that beneficiaries can receive the benefit in time during their disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S23-S27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic diagnosis- Unraveling Tuberculosis- A comprehensive approach","authors":"Rushna Wazahat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis, an airborne-infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> remains a perpetual threat globally. It claims over 1.4 million lives per year. Various diagnostic strategies including smear microscopy, culture methods, immunochromatographic assays and molecular methods have paved the way for tuberculosis diagnosis. The Government of India has introduced National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB elimination, aiming to achieve a rapid decline in the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of TB by the year 2030. In its quest for TB elimination, the plan is structured around four strategic pillars: “Detect-Treat-Prevent-Build.” To achieve these pillars and progress towards TB elimination, the government encourages adoption of novel point-of- care diagnostics techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 112-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into tuberculosis of talus in children: A review of five cases","authors":"Anil Agarwal ,&nbsp;Sitanshu Barik ,&nbsp;Lokesh Sharma ,&nbsp;Yogesh Patel ,&nbsp;Mohit Gera ,&nbsp;Varun Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tubercular affection of talus in children is considered extremely rare with literature limited to few case reports. This study reports five cases of tubercular infection of talus in children and traces the various presentations and the treatment outcome.</div><div>MethodsThe series describes five children with biopsy proven affection of tuberculosis of talus. Data reviewed included the demographic data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome at final follow up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the five cases described in this series, the majority were osseous (4/5). The location of the osseous lesions was noted in the head as well as the head-neck junction of the talus. The duration of symptoms varied from three to 12 months. Three of the five cases healed uneventfully after the initiation of standard anti-tubercular therapy with normal appearing radiographs at the latest follow up. Two cases still had small, geographic lytic lesions in the talus. These might represent healed cystic cavities filled with fibrous.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The diagnosis of tuberculosis of talus in children is challenging. A high index of suspicion is required for patients presenting pain around the ankle and hindfoot for more than four weeks. The involvement of the talar bone in tuberculosis can be osseous or synovial. Lesions in the head and neck should particularly be investigated for tubercular etiology. Once diagnosed, antitubercular drugs are effective in healing the lesions clinically as well as radiologically. The presence of lesions in the non-weight bearing area of the talus prevents bony collapse and eventual shape is maintained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135664409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile, laboratory characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with miliary tuberculosis","authors":"Hamida Kwas ,&nbsp;Hayfa Rajhi ,&nbsp;Harish Rangareddy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a severe form of pulmonary TB. It is uncommon in immunocompetent patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate features of miliary TB (clinical, biological, and radiological) and to determine factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in a population of patients in the South East Tunisia where TB remains endemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with miliary TB between 2006 and 2023. Factors independently associated with poor prognosis were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Miliary tuberculosis (TB) accounted for 1.8% (n = 36) of all TB cases diagnosed during the study period. A notable female predominance was observed, comprising 66.6% of the cohort. The median age of patients was 47.5 ± 11.33 years. The predominant clinical manifestations included cough (88.8%), loss of appetite (77.7%), and fever (58.3%). Radiologically, a typical miliary pattern was present in 83.3% of patients, although only 36.1% had positive sputum samples on direct smear microscopy. Notably, all patients tested negative for HIV serology. Extrapulmonary TB involvement was documented in 55.5% of cases. All patients were treated with first-line anti-TB medications, and the outcome was favorable in 77.7% (n = 28) of patients. However, 16.6% (n = 6) of patients succumbed to the disease. Factors significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes included age ≥65 years (odds ratio (OR) = 0.39; p = 0.03), diabetes (OR = 0.13; p = 0.046), presence of fever (OR = 2.89; p = 0.01), and oxygen saturation ≤92% at admission (OR = 3.2; p = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study identified advanced age, diabetes, fever at baseline, and low oxygen saturation on admission as significant predictors of poor prognosis in patients with miliary tuberculosis. These findings highlight the need for early identification and targeted management of high-risk individuals to improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S34-S38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case report of multi-organ tuberculosis presenting as cerebritis","authors":"Bang Ngoc Dao ,&nbsp;Thang Ba Ta ,&nbsp;Lam Nguyen ,&nbsp;Minh Tuan Ngo ,&nbsp;Bac Thanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tuan Cong Duong ,&nbsp;Hien Thi Dieu Le ,&nbsp;Dung Tien Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) in multiple organs, especially central nervous system TB (brain abscess due to TB), often occurs in patients with severe immunodeficiency, related to HIV infection, organ transplantation, etc., rarely seen in clinical practice. Due to the complexity of the variation, prediction and treatment are difficult. Only predictive testing and necessary treatment solutions must be based on the specific state of the disease. In addition to anti-TB antibiotic therapy, addressing symptoms and implementing preventive measures are crucial for successful treatment outcomes in patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S98-S101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial patterns and multilevel analysis of factors associated with paediatric tuberculosis in India","authors":"Mohan Balakrishnan,&nbsp;Varadharajan R","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global health problem that remains as leading cause of high mortality and morbidity in children. Despite India<span> with a high global tuberculosis burden, very few studies have specifically addressed the problem of TB among children, a vulnerable group where delayed diagnosis aggravates the morbidity.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span><span>Identifying the hotspots with high risk of Paediatric<span> TB by employing a localized clustering method can help in developing </span></span>regional policies for eliminating TB. Factors specified at various levels must be taken into account in studies of health aetiology and their practical applications for disease control. </span>Multilevel analysis<span> is a viable analytic technique for including components identified at many levels in an epidemiologic study and the interindividual variances can be inferred using multilevel analysis.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, the incidence of tuberculosis pertaining to individual-level attributes are elucidated at district and state level through a multilevel model using the information from National Family Health Survey-5, carried out in 2019–20 comprising 636,699 households over 28 states and 8 union territories of India and the spatial method has detected 62 hotspots.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The model expresses a nested structure with districts and states having significant contribution in the variation of paediatric TB and the autocorrelation pattern exhibited by the hotspots emphasises the need for targeted TB elimination programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S12-S17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Covid19 pandemic on operational aspect of national tuberculosis elimination program in Bhavnagar district","authors":"Bansi Trivedi ,&nbsp;Jigna Dave","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>India account more than one forth tuberculosis cases. Covid 19 affect health condition like tuberculosis. We aim to assess impact of covid 19 on National Tuberculosis Elimination Program.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In depth interviews of district tuberculosis officer, private practitioner and tuberculosis patients (who registered in District Tuberculosis Centre during April 2020–September2020) were conducted in Bhavnagar district. Notification rate during covid 19 was obtained from District Tuberculosis Centre of Bhavnagar district. All interviews were audio-recorded after obtaining written informed consent, transcribed in English, and analyzed in the form of codes and categories.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Health care providers perceived covid 19 lockdowns, fear among patients, difficult transportation, diversion of resources and reduced concerns towards tuberculosis were the reason for low notification during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>COVID-19 lockdown had detrimental effects on notification rate. During such testing time patients felt proper supervision by front line worker, no issued in direct benefit transfer for nutrition support and adequate supply of medicine. Telemedicine, awareness through social media, collaboration with other agencies, bidirectional screening implementation, coping of covid 19 fear among patients, separate tuberculosis facility were the expectation from higher authority if next wave of covid 19 will come. Future studies can evaluate the feasibility, impact, and cost-effectiveness of such interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S28-S33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay for detecting tuberculous spondylitis in specimens obtained by CT-guided aspiration/biopsy and spectrum of imaging findings in spinal tuberculosis","authors":"Richa Misra ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Zafar Neyaz ,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Vimal K. Paliwal ,&nbsp;Prabhakar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the utility of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis in samples obtained by CT-guided aspiration/biopsy. The effect of anti-tubercular treatment, specimen type, and imaging findings on laboratory results was also assessed along with a comparison of imaging findings in tubercular versus non-tubercular cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>This prospective observational study, planned for CT-guided aspiration/ biopsy, included 70 adults with suspected tuberculous spondylitis. Specimens were sent for microscopy, </span>histopathology, TB culture, and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The correlation of sampling location, specimen type, anti-tubercular treatment, and imaging findings on microbiology results was documented.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A definite diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis was obtained in 50 cases. The assay had a 100 % agreement for smear-positive, culture-positive, specimens while the overall agreement was 41.3 %. Rifampicin resistance was detected in 8 cases. Seventy-one percent of patients were on empiric ATT. Imaging findings such as end plate destruction, paravertebral soft tissue thickening and abscess, disc involvement, sequestrum, and bony fragments were significantly associated with a final diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay performed on specimens obtained by CT-guided aspiration/biopsy is a sensitive and rapid method of establishing a diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis even in cases on ATT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of probable post-COVID cardiac sequelae and its health seeking behaviour among health care workers: A cross-sectional analytical study","authors":"Yamini Marimuthu ,&nbsp;Greshma Chandrasekharan Nair ,&nbsp;Umesh Nagesh ,&nbsp;Amal Anand ,&nbsp;Kamal Kishore Chopra ,&nbsp;Bharathnag Nagappa ,&nbsp;Nandini Sharma ,&nbsp;Gopinath Sivashankar ,&nbsp;Neha Nagaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-COVID Sequelae are considered as the signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection consistent with COVID-19 which continue for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by alternative diagnosis. The prevalence of post-COVID cardiac sequelae ranges from 2% to 71% across the globe and it is reported to be around 22% in India. With this background, the study was conducted to assess the prevalence of probable post-COVID cardiac sequelae (PCCS) and delay in health-seeking for post-COVID cardiac sequelae among healthcare workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers and students in a medical educational institute in Karnataka from May 2022 to July 2022. Health workers and students who had a past history of COVID-19 during the COVID pandemic were included in the study. Socio-demographic details, clinical profile, symptoms of post-COVID cardiac sequelae, and health-seeking behavior were collected. Data were collected in Epicollect5 and analyzed using STATA statistical software. The prevalence of probable PCCS was expressed with 95% confidence interval. Univariate binomial logistic regression was done to assess the determinants of probable post-COVID sequelae.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 336 health workers were included in the study with a mean (SD) age of 25.6 (8.6) years. A majority (68.2%) of them were females and only 25 (7.4%) belonged to the age group of 45–60 years. The prevalence of probable post-COVID cardiac sequelae among health workers and medical students was 11.9% (95% CI: 8.76–15.7). Among the 40 participants who had probable post-COVID cardiac sequelae, 55% (95% CI: 40%–70%) were not evaluated further which was their treatment-seeking behavior. Females, hypertensive individuals, and those who had moderate-severe disease during acute COVID-19 disease were at higher risk of developing probable post-COVID cardiac sequelae.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Around one out of ten individuals had experienced probable post-COVID cardiac sequelae, but only half of them got evaluated for it. An appropriate screening program for post-COVID cardiac sequelae needs to be implemented along with awareness-raising activities about long COVID to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121950242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective evaluation of ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Neharika Sharma ,&nbsp;Abha Gahlot ,&nbsp;Jawahar Lal Goyal ,&nbsp;Devendra Kumar singh ,&nbsp;Divya Singh ,&nbsp;Arushi Gupta ,&nbsp;Pulkit Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of the study was to evaluate visual parameters for early detection of ethambutol<span> toxicity to prevent irreversible optic nerve damage.</span></div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div><span>This cohort study included 50 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, i.e. 100 eyes, in people aged 18–72 years, who received ethambutol as part of the antitubercular therapy. Before starting antitubercular treatment, at each monthly visit, </span>ophthalmic<span> examination was done that included best corrected visual acuity, optic disc evaluation, colour vision, contrast sensitivity, pupil cycle time and automated perimetry for a period of six months. Ethambutol was discontinued in patients who showed signs of visual impairment. These patients were observed for another three months for reversibility of toxicity.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Visual functions were normal in all patients at baseline. Out of 50 patients, 47 didn't show any signs of deterioration in visual functions even after six months of oral administration of ethambutol. However, 3 out of 50 patients, i.e. 6 eyes (6 %), showed signs of toxicity after 4–5 months – LogMAR visual acuity deteriorated from 0.00 to 1.08 (±0.40); mean contrast sensitivity deteriorated from 1.725 (±0.075) to 1.12 (±0.18); mean deviation in visual fields got impaired from −1.37 (±0.15) to −10.93 (±2.66); and colour vision got severely affected. All the affected patients were aged above 65.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the present study, six percent of 50 patients showed ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy. It was concluded that patients should be comprehensively evaluated for visual parameters before starting the ethambutol treatment. They should be closely monitored by an ophthalmologist for visual functions every month to detect ethambutol toxicity at the early reversible stage to prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve. Patients should be asked to report immediately if they detect any blurring of vision or colour vision abnormality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39346,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis","volume":"72 1","pages":"Pages 69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139295896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}