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Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation最新文献

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Molecular Basis of Cell Reprogramming into iPSCs with Exogenous Transcription Factors. 利用外源转录因子将细胞重编程为 iPSCs 的分子基础。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_11
Hisato Kondoh
{"title":"Molecular Basis of Cell Reprogramming into iPSCs with Exogenous Transcription Factors.","authors":"Hisato Kondoh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A striking discovery in recent decades concerning the transcription factor (TF)-dependent process was the production of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) from fibroblasts by the exogenous expression of the TF cocktail containing Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, and Myc, collectively called OSKM. How fibroblast cells can be remodeled into embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like iPSCs despite high epigenetic barriers has opened a new essential avenue to understanding the action of TFs in developmental regulation. Two forerunning investigations preceded the iPSC phenomenon: exogenous TF-mediated cell remodeling driven by the action of MyoD, and the \"pioneer TF\" action to preopen chromatin, allowing multiple TFs to access enhancer sequences. The process of remodeling somatic cells into iPSCs has been broken down into multiple subprocesses: the initial attack of OSKM on closed chromatin, sequential changes in cytosine modification, enhancer usage, and gene silencing and activation. Notably, the OSKM TFs change their genomic binding sites extensively. The analyses are still at the descriptive stage, but currently available information is discussed in this chapter.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"72 ","pages":"193-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Epiblast and Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines. 上胚层和多能干细胞系。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_1
Hisato Kondoh
{"title":"The Epiblast and Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines.","authors":"Hisato Kondoh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All somatic cells develop from the epiblast, which occupies the upper layer of two-layered embryos and in most mammals is formed after the implantation stage but before gastrulation initiates. Once the epiblast is established, the epiblast cells begin to develop into various somatic cells via large-scale cell reorganization, namely, gastrulation. Different pluripotent stem cell lines representing distinct stages of embryogenesis have been established: mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), which represent the preimplantation stage inner cell mass, an early  post-implantation stage epiblast, and a later-stage epiblast, respectively. Together, these cell lines provide excellent in vitro models of cell regulation before somatic cells develop. This chapter addresses these early developmental stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"72 ","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Origin and Role of Testicular Macrophages in Testis Development, Steroidogenesis, and Spermatogenesis. 睾丸巨噬细胞在睾丸发育、类固醇生成和精子生成中的起源和作用
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_5
Rafal P Piprek, Malgorzata Kloc, Klaudia Porebska, Paulina C Mizia, Izabela Rams-Pociecha, Jacek Z Kubiak
{"title":"Origin and Role of Testicular Macrophages in Testis Development, Steroidogenesis, and Spermatogenesis.","authors":"Rafal P Piprek, Malgorzata Kloc, Klaudia Porebska, Paulina C Mizia, Izabela Rams-Pociecha, Jacek Z Kubiak","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testicular macrophages are the principal immune cells in the testis. In addition to their classical immune roles, they regulate male hormone synthesis by Leydig cells, regeneration of Leydig cells, spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation, maintenance of testis-specific environment for sperm formation, and testis development. The juvenile and adult testes contain two distinct macrophage populations with unique tissue localization, genetic markers, morphology, and function. The interstitial macrophages are physically and functionally connected to Leydig cells, while the peritubular macrophages localize around the seminiferous tubules and are crucial for spermatogonia differentiation. Macrophages in the fetal testes regulate testis vasculature formation and clearance of mislocated cells. The origin of testicular macrophages is unclear. Some studies suggest their origin from the yolk sac and others from the bone marrow-derived monocytes. We discuss this issue at the end of this review article.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"137-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair. 螺旋体感染中的单核细胞/巨噬细胞：宿主防御、炎症和组织修复中的关键角色。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13
Anuradha Rajamanickam, Subash Babu
{"title":"Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair.","authors":"Anuradha Rajamanickam, Subash Babu","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocytes/macrophages are pivotal in host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. They are actively engaged during helminth infections, playing critical roles in trapping pathogens, eliminating them, repairing tissue damage, and mitigating type 2 inflammation. These cells are indispensable in preserving physiological equilibrium and overseeing pathogen resistance as well as metabolic processes. Furthermore, these immune cells are influenced by cellular metabolism, which adjusts in response to host-derived factors and environmental cues. They secrete effector molecules crucial for anti-helminthic immunity and healing tissues damaged by parasites. Helminth parasites manipulate the immune regulatory capabilities of monocytes/macrophages by secreting anti-inflammatory mediators to dodge host defenses. Infections, especially with helminths, induce metabolic adaptations involving monocytes/macrophages that can lead to enhanced insulin sensitivity. This review provides a synthesis of the activation and diversity of monocytes/macrophages, their involvement in inflammation, and the latest insights into the strategies of monocyte/macrophage-mediated host defense against helminth infections. It also sheds light on recent discoveries concerning the immune regulatory interactions between monocytes/macrophages and helminth parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"315-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of Intracellular Communication in Cancer and Pathogen Spreading. 癌症和病原体传播中的细胞内通讯机制。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_13
Silvana Valdebenito, David Ajasin, Karl Valerdi, Yue Ran Liu, Samvrit Rao, Eliseo A Eugenin
{"title":"Mechanisms of Intracellular Communication in Cancer and Pathogen Spreading.","authors":"Silvana Valdebenito, David Ajasin, Karl Valerdi, Yue Ran Liu, Samvrit Rao, Eliseo A Eugenin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_13","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell-to-cell interactions are essential for proper development, homeostasis, and complex syncytia/organ formation and function. Intercellular communication are mediated by multiple mechanisms including soluble mediators, adhesion molecules and specific mechanisms of cell to cell communication such as Gap junctions (GJ), tunneling nanotubes (TNT), and exosomes. Only recently, has been discovered that TNTs and exosomes enable the exchange of large signaling molecules, RNA, viral products, antigens, and organelles opening new avenues of research and therapeutic approaches. The focus of this review is to summarize these recent findings in physiologic and pathologic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"73 ","pages":"301-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Germline and Somatic Cell Syncytia in Insects. 昆虫的生殖系和体细胞合胞体。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_3
Malgorzata Kloc, Wacław Tworzydło, Teresa Szklarzewicz
{"title":"Germline and Somatic Cell Syncytia in Insects.","authors":"Malgorzata Kloc, Wacław Tworzydło, Teresa Szklarzewicz","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Syncytia are common in the animal and plant kingdoms both under normal and pathological conditions. They form through cell fusion or division of a founder cell without cytokinesis. A particular type of syncytia occurs in invertebrate and vertebrate gametogenesis when the founder cell divides several times with partial cytokinesis producing a cyst (nest) of germ line cells connected by cytoplasmic bridges. The ultimate destiny of the cyst's cells differs between animal groups. Either all cells of the cyst become the gametes or some cells endoreplicate or polyploidize to become the nurse cells (trophocytes). Although many types of syncytia are permanent, the germ cell syncytium is temporary, and eventually, it separates into individual gametes. In this chapter, we give an overview of syncytium types and focus on the germline and somatic cell syncytia in various groups of insects. We also describe the multinuclear giant cells, which form through repetitive nuclear divisions and cytoplasm hypertrophy, but without cell fusion, and the accessory nuclei, which bud off the oocyte nucleus, migrate to its cortex and become included in the early embryonic syncytium.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"71 ","pages":"47-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adipose Tissue Macrophages. 脂肪组织巨噬细胞。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6
Tamás Röszer
{"title":"Adipose Tissue Macrophages.","authors":"Tamás Röszer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are abundant immune cells in the adipose tissue and are known as inducers of metabolic inflammation that may lead to insulin resistance and immune disorders associated with obesity. However, much less is known about the ontogeny and physiological functions of ATMs in lean adipose tissue. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators that induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and thermogenesis in adipocytes. Later in life ATMs limit the thermogenic competence of the adipocytes and favor lipid storage. ATMs respond to lipid overload of adipocytes in obesity with a sequence of pro-inflammatory events, including inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as well as stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B and interferon regulatory factors that evoke an uncontrolled inflammation. ATMs are life-long constituents of the adipose tissue and hence signals that control ATM development and ATM-adipocyte interactions determine adipose tissue health.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"159-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Breast Cancer Cells: Networking Within Tumors. 巨噬细胞与乳腺癌细胞之间的相互影响：肿瘤内部的网络
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_8
Pooja Kamal Melwani, Rahul Checker, Murali Mohan Sagar Balla, Badri Narain Pandey
{"title":"Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Breast Cancer Cells: Networking Within Tumors.","authors":"Pooja Kamal Melwani, Rahul Checker, Murali Mohan Sagar Balla, Badri Narain Pandey","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most prominent immune cells in the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs are categorised into classically activated anti-tumorigenic M1 and alternatively activated pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. TAMs are known to promote cancer pathogenesis by facilitating cancer cell and cancer stem cell growth, angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration. Consequently, TAMs drive cancer progression towards metastasis. This chapter describes the role of TME in driving monocyte recruitment and polarization toward the M2 phenotype. We also illustrate the modalities of intercellular networking such as paracrine signaling, exosomes, and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) that TAMs and cancer cells employ within TME to communicate with each other and with other cells of TME to facilitate the dynamic process of cancer progression. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of TAMs in breast cancer and potential therapeutic strategies targeting TAM recruitment, polarization, and TAM-mediated immune evasion for effective cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"213-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communicating Across Cell Walls: Structure, Evolution, and Regulation of Plasmodesmatal Transport in Plants. 穿越细胞壁的交流：植物质膜传输的结构、进化和调控。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_4
Jacob O Brunkard
{"title":"Communicating Across Cell Walls: Structure, Evolution, and Regulation of Plasmodesmatal Transport in Plants.","authors":"Jacob O Brunkard","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmodesmata are conduits in plant cell walls that allow neighboring cells to communicate and exchange resources. Despite their central importance to plant development and physiology, our understanding of plasmodesmata is relatively limited compared to other subcellular structures. In recent years, technical advances in electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and phylogenomics have illuminated the structure, composition, and evolution of plasmodesmata in diverse plant lineages. In parallel, forward genetic screens have revealed key signaling pathways that converge to regulate plasmodesmatal transport, including chloroplast-derived retrograde signaling, phytohormone signaling, and metabolic regulation by the conserved eukaryotic Target of Rapamycin kinase. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the structure, evolution, and regulation of plasmodesmatal transport in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"73 ","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oocyte Health and Quality: Implication of Mitochondria-related Organelle Interactions. 卵母细胞的健康和质量：线粒体相关细胞器相互作用的影响
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_2
Osamu Udagawa
{"title":"Oocyte Health and Quality: Implication of Mitochondria-related Organelle Interactions.","authors":"Osamu Udagawa","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among factors like hormonal imbalance and uterine condition, oocyte quality is regarded as one of the key factors involved in age-related decline in the reproductive capacity. Here, are discussions about the functions played by organelles within the oocyte in forming the next generation that is more suitable for survival. Many insights on the adaptation to aging and maintenance of quality can be obtained from: interactions between mitochondria and other organelles that enable the long life of primordial oocytes; characteristics of organelle interactions after breaking dormancy from primary oocytes to mature oocytes; and characteristics of interactions between mitochondria and other organelles of aged oocytes collected during the ovulatory cycle from elderly individuals and animals. This information would potentially be beneficial to the development of future therapeutic methods or agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"73 ","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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