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Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation最新文献

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Adipose Tissue Macrophages. 脂肪组织巨噬细胞。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6
Tamás Röszer
{"title":"Adipose Tissue Macrophages.","authors":"Tamás Röszer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are abundant immune cells in the adipose tissue and are known as inducers of metabolic inflammation that may lead to insulin resistance and immune disorders associated with obesity. However, much less is known about the ontogeny and physiological functions of ATMs in lean adipose tissue. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators that induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and thermogenesis in adipocytes. Later in life ATMs limit the thermogenic competence of the adipocytes and favor lipid storage. ATMs respond to lipid overload of adipocytes in obesity with a sequence of pro-inflammatory events, including inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, as well as stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B and interferon regulatory factors that evoke an uncontrolled inflammation. ATMs are life-long constituents of the adipose tissue and hence signals that control ATM development and ATM-adipocyte interactions determine adipose tissue health.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"159-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communicating Across Cell Walls: Structure, Evolution, and Regulation of Plasmodesmatal Transport in Plants. 穿越细胞壁的交流：植物质膜传输的结构、进化和调控。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_4
Jacob O Brunkard
{"title":"Communicating Across Cell Walls: Structure, Evolution, and Regulation of Plasmodesmatal Transport in Plants.","authors":"Jacob O Brunkard","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmodesmata are conduits in plant cell walls that allow neighboring cells to communicate and exchange resources. Despite their central importance to plant development and physiology, our understanding of plasmodesmata is relatively limited compared to other subcellular structures. In recent years, technical advances in electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and phylogenomics have illuminated the structure, composition, and evolution of plasmodesmata in diverse plant lineages. In parallel, forward genetic screens have revealed key signaling pathways that converge to regulate plasmodesmatal transport, including chloroplast-derived retrograde signaling, phytohormone signaling, and metabolic regulation by the conserved eukaryotic Target of Rapamycin kinase. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the structure, evolution, and regulation of plasmodesmatal transport in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"73 ","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Monocyte/Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of NeuroHIV. 单核细胞/巨噬细胞在神经性艾滋病发病机制中的作用
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_15
David Ajasin, Eliseo Eugenin
{"title":"Role of Monocyte/Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of NeuroHIV.","authors":"David Ajasin, Eliseo Eugenin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_15","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocyte/macrophages are cells of myeloid origin which play critical roles in innate and adaptive immune responses as well as surveillance and tissue repair. Only recently, the role of monocytes/macrophages in acute and chronic HIV Infection has become accepted. Here, we will focus on monocyte/macrophages on transmigration events and their role as viral reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"365-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intercellular Transport of Viral Proteins. 病毒蛋白质的细胞间转运。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_18
Florian Simon, Andrea K Thoma-Kress
{"title":"Intercellular Transport of Viral Proteins.","authors":"Florian Simon, Andrea K Thoma-Kress","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_18","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses are vehicles to exchange genetic information and proteins between cells and organisms by infecting their target cells either cell-free, or depending on cell-cell contacts. Several viruses like certain retroviruses or herpesviruses transmit by both mechanisms. However, viruses have also evolved the properties to exchange proteins between cells independent of viral particle formation. This exchange of viral proteins can be directed to target cells prior to infection to interfere with restriction factors and intrinsic immunity, thus, making the target cell prone to infection. However, also bystander cells, e.g. immune cell populations, can be targeted by viral proteins to dampen antiviral responses. Mechanistically, viruses exploit several routes of cell-cell communication to exchange viral proteins like the formation of extracellular vesicles or the formation of long-distance connections like tunneling nanotubes. Although it is known that viral nucleic acids can be transferred between cells as well, this chapter concentrates on viral proteins of human pathogenic viruses covering all Baltimore classes and summarizes our current knowledge on intercellular transport of viral proteins between cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"73 ","pages":"435-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subversion from Within and Without: Effector Molecule Transfer from Obligate Intracellular Apicomplexan Parasites to Human Host Cells. 来自内部和外部的颠覆：细胞内寄生虫向人类宿主细胞的效应分子转移。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_20
Ramakrishnan Sitaraman
{"title":"Subversion from Within and Without: Effector Molecule Transfer from Obligate Intracellular Apicomplexan Parasites to Human Host Cells.","authors":"Ramakrishnan Sitaraman","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_20","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular protozoan pathogens have to negotiate the internal environment of the host cell they find themselves in, as well as manipulate the host cell to ensure their own survival, replication, and dissemination. The transfer of key effector molecules from the pathogen to the host cell is crucial to this interaction and is technically more demanding to study as compared to an extracellular pathogen. While several effector molecules have been identified, the mechanisms and conditions underlying their transfer to the host cell remain partly or entirely unknown. Improvements in experimental systems have revealed tantalizing details of such intercellular transfer, which form the subject of this chapter.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"73 ","pages":"521-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homeostatic Functions of Tissue-Resident Macrophages and Their Role in Tissue Maintenance. 组织驻留巨噬细胞的稳态功能及其在组织维护中的作用
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_1
Luís Crisóstomo, Ae Mäkinen, Besmir Hyseni, Hans Bergman, Alexander Mildner
{"title":"Homeostatic Functions of Tissue-Resident Macrophages and Their Role in Tissue Maintenance.","authors":"Luís Crisóstomo, Ae Mäkinen, Besmir Hyseni, Hans Bergman, Alexander Mildner","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-resident macrophages are best known for their indispensable role in immunological reactions, where they contribute to immune defense and resolution of inflammation. However, recent studies have also uncovered that they provide crucial tissue-specific functions that support organ homeostasis and maintenance. Accordingly, defects in macrophage function or development can disrupt the delicate balance of organ homeostasis, leading to pathological conditions. Therefore, understanding the functions and development of macrophages within a tissue is critical for comprehending the interplay between immune and stromal cells, which together maintain organ physiology. This knowledge has clinical implications, such as in organ transplantation or irradiation, where monocyte-derived cells with different functions may replace the original macrophage population. In this chapter, we aim to provide an overview of the tissue-specific homeostatic functions of various macrophage populations, emphasizing that macrophages are essential components of each organ and play a vital role in ensuring the organism's survival, beyond their role in immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"3-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking Macrophage Secrets: Histone Deacetylases in Chronic Transplant Rejection. 揭开巨噬细胞的秘密：慢性移植排斥反应中的组蛋白去乙酰化酶
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_12
Marta Halasa, Anna Wawruszak
{"title":"Unlocking Macrophage Secrets: Histone Deacetylases in Chronic Transplant Rejection.","authors":"Marta Halasa, Anna Wawruszak","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid organ transplantation (SOT) offers life-saving therapy for patients with organ failure, yet chronic rejection remains a significant challenge despite advances in immunosuppression. Macrophages are central to chronic rejection, orchestrating fibrosis, and tissue damage. Since it became clear that histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of epigenetic regulators, modulate macrophage function and polarization and eventually affect fibrosis progression, the HDACs modulation has gained great importance. This review explores the role of HDACs in chronic rejection, focusing on their impact on macrophage polarization and fibrosis. While some HDACs promote M2 polarization and fibrosis, others inhibit these processes, highlighting the complexity of HDAC function. Targeting HDACs holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for chronic rejection, offering a potential approach for intervention in transplant recipients. However, further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles of individual HDAC isoforms and their inhibition in chronic rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"74 ","pages":"297-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Syncytium Induced by Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. 植物寄生线虫诱导合胞体。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_18
Mateusz Matuszkiewicz, Mirosław Sobczak
{"title":"Syncytium Induced by Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.","authors":"Mateusz Matuszkiewicz, Mirosław Sobczak","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_18","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes from the genera Globodera, Heterodera (cyst-forming nematodes), and Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes) are notorious and serious pests of crops. They cause tremendous economic losses between US $80 and 358 billion a year. Nematodes infect the roots of plants and induce the formation of specialised feeding structures (syncytium and giant cells, respectively) that nourish juveniles and adults of the nematodes. The specialised secretory glands enable nematodes to synthesise and secrete effectors that facilitate migration through root tissues and alter the morphogenetic programme of host cells. The formation of feeding sites is associated with the suppression of plant defence responses and deep reprogramming of the development and metabolism of plant cells.In this chapter, we focus on syncytia induced by the sedentary cyst-forming nematodes and provide an overview of ultrastructural changes that occur in the host roots during syncytium formation in conjunction with the most important molecular changes during compatible and incompatible plant responses to infection with nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"71 ","pages":"371-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gastrulation: Its Principles and Variations. 胃形成：其原理和变异。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_3
Hisato Kondoh
{"title":"Gastrulation: Its Principles and Variations.","authors":"Hisato Kondoh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As epiblast cells initiate development into various somatic cells, they undergo a large-scale reorganization, called gastrulation. The gastrulation of the epiblast cells produces three groups of cells: the endoderm layer, the collection of miscellaneous mesodermal tissues, and the ectodermal layer, which includes the neural, epidermal, and associated tissues. Most studies of gastrulation have focused on the formation of the tissues that provide the primary route for cell reorganization, that is, the primitive streak, in the chicken and mouse. In contrast, how gastrulation alters epiblast-derived cells has remained underinvestigated. This chapter highlights the regulation of cell and tissue fate via the gastrulation process. The roles and regulatory functions of neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) in the gastrulation process, elucidated in the last decade, are discussed in depth to resolve points of confusion. Chicken and mouse embryos, which form a primitive streak as the site of mesoderm precursor ingression, have been investigated extensively. However, primitive streak formation is an exception, even among amniotes. The roles of gastrulation processes in generating various somatic tissues will be discussed broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"72 ","pages":"27-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organ Regeneration Without Relying on Regeneration-Dedicated Stem Cells. 器官再生无需依赖再生专用干细胞。
Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_6
Hisato Kondoh
{"title":"Organ Regeneration Without Relying on Regeneration-Dedicated Stem Cells.","authors":"Hisato Kondoh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classic conception of tissue regeneration assumed the existence of tissue-proper regeneration stem cells that are set aside during normal tissue development and reserved as stem cells for regeneration. However, modern studies using cell tracing and other approaches have ruled out the presence of regeneration-proper stem cells in most cases in vertebrate tissue regeneration. The only experimentally validated regeneration-dedicated reserve cells are the satellite cells in skeletal muscle (e.g., Michele 2022) (see Sect. 5.2.3 ). Here, we will first discuss examples of large-scale tissue regeneration, liver regeneration in mammals, and lens and limb regeneration in newts. Then, attempts to widen the tissue regeneration capacity in mammals with exogenous transcription factor genes will be reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":"72 ","pages":"105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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