Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation最新文献

Airineme-Mediated Intercellular Communication. 以空气介质为媒介的细胞间通信

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_7

Dae Seok Eom

引用次数: 0

Orchestrating Blood Flow in the Retina: Interpericyte Tunnelling Nanotube Communication. 协调视网膜中的血流：膜间隧道纳米管通信

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_11

Hannah McDonald, Jesse Gardner-Russell, Luis Alarcon-Martinez

{"title":"Orchestrating Blood Flow in the Retina: Interpericyte Tunnelling Nanotube Communication.","authors":"Hannah McDonald, Jesse Gardner-Russell, Luis Alarcon-Martinez","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_11","url":null,"abstract":"The retina transforms light into electrical signals, which are sent to the brain via the optic nerve to form our visual perception. This complex signal processing is performed by the retinal neuron and requires a significant amount of energy. Since neurons are unable to store energy, they must obtain glucose and oxygen from the bloodstream to produce energy to match metabolic needs. This process is called neurovascular coupling (NVC), and it is based on a precise mechanism that is not totally understood. The discovery of fine tubular processes termed tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) set a new type of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are extensions of the cellular membrane that allow the transfer of material between connected cells. Recently, they have been reported in the brain and retina of living mice, where they connect pericytes, which are vascular mural cells that regulate vessel diameter. Accordingly, these TNTs were termed interpericyte tunnelling nanotubes (IPTNTs), which showed a vital role in blood delivery and NVC. In this chapter, we review the involvement of TNTs in NVC and discuss their implications in retinal neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair. 螺旋体感染中的单核细胞/巨噬细胞：宿主防御、炎症和组织修复中的关键角色。

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13

Anuradha Rajamanickam, Subash Babu

{"title":"Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair.","authors":"Anuradha Rajamanickam, Subash Babu","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_13","url":null,"abstract":"Monocytes/macrophages are pivotal in host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. They are actively engaged during helminth infections, playing critical roles in trapping pathogens, eliminating them, repairing tissue damage, and mitigating type 2 inflammation. These cells are indispensable in preserving physiological equilibrium and overseeing pathogen resistance as well as metabolic processes. Furthermore, these immune cells are influenced by cellular metabolism, which adjusts in response to host-derived factors and environmental cues. They secrete effector molecules crucial for anti-helminthic immunity and healing tissues damaged by parasites. Helminth parasites manipulate the immune regulatory capabilities of monocytes/macrophages by secreting anti-inflammatory mediators to dodge host defenses. Infections, especially with helminths, induce metabolic adaptations involving monocytes/macrophages that can lead to enhanced insulin sensitivity. This review provides a synthesis of the activation and diversity of monocytes/macrophages, their involvement in inflammation, and the latest insights into the strategies of monocyte/macrophage-mediated host defense against helminth infections. It also sheds light on recent discoveries concerning the immune regulatory interactions between monocytes/macrophages and helminth parasites.","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Origin and Role of Testicular Macrophages in Testis Development, Steroidogenesis, and Spermatogenesis. 睾丸巨噬细胞在睾丸发育、类固醇生成和精子生成中的起源和作用

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_5

Rafal P Piprek, Malgorzata Kloc, Klaudia Porebska, Paulina C Mizia, Izabela Rams-Pociecha, Jacek Z Kubiak

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of Intracellular Communication in Cancer and Pathogen Spreading. 癌症和病原体传播中的细胞内通讯机制。

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_13

Silvana Valdebenito, David Ajasin, Karl Valerdi, Yue Ran Liu, Samvrit Rao, Eliseo A Eugenin

引用次数: 0

Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Microbiota Interactions. 宿主与微生物群互动中的微生物胞外囊泡

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_19

Sarah Abubaker, Saba Miri, Walid Mottawea, Riadh Hammami

引用次数: 0

Tunneling Nanotubes in the Brain. 大脑中的隧道纳米管

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_10

Dimitri Budinger, Vivian Baker, Michael T Heneka

引用次数: 0

Enhancer Activation by Transcription Factors and Underlying Mechanisms. 转录因子对增强子的激活作用及其内在机制

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_10

Hisato Kondoh

{"title":"Enhancer Activation by Transcription Factors and Underlying Mechanisms.","authors":"Hisato Kondoh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_10","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancers are classified into two classes based on various criteria. Class I enhancers participate primarily in finely tuned cell-specific regulation, as exemplified by the neural enhancers discussed in Chap. 9 . They are activated by simultaneous binding of transcription factors (TFs) to adjacent sites in the core sequence and are marked by moderate levels of H3K27ac modification. Class II enhancers are activated by the reiterated binding of the same TFs at multiple sites and are marked by high levels of H3K27ac modification. Class II enhancers are exemplified by enhancers in the SCR downstream of the Sox2 gene, as also discussed in Chap. 9 . Both classes of enhancers activate transcription similarly with low selectivity toward the promoters.The genomic loci broadly covered by high-level H3K27ac modification were once dubbed \"Super-enhancers,\" implying that they are densely packed enhancers with superpowers in gene regulation. However, marking with H3K27ac modification does not predict the enhancer activity of a sequence; a \"Super enhancer\" region includes a few ordinary Class II enhancers. Currently, the most reliable criterion for enhancer prediction is cross-species sequence conservation.The mechanism by which transcription factors find and stay on the target enhancer site remains elusive. Results from two approaches, single-molecule live imaging and kinetic analysis using FRAP, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Basis of Cell Reprogramming into iPSCs with Exogenous Transcription Factors. 利用外源转录因子将细胞重编程为 iPSCs 的分子基础。

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_11

Hisato Kondoh

{"title":"Molecular Basis of Cell Reprogramming into iPSCs with Exogenous Transcription Factors.","authors":"Hisato Kondoh","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_11","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_11","url":null,"abstract":"A striking discovery in recent decades concerning the transcription factor (TF)-dependent process was the production of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) from fibroblasts by the exogenous expression of the TF cocktail containing Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, and Myc, collectively called OSKM. How fibroblast cells can be remodeled into embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like iPSCs despite high epigenetic barriers has opened a new essential avenue to understanding the action of TFs in developmental regulation. Two forerunning investigations preceded the iPSC phenomenon: exogenous TF-mediated cell remodeling driven by the action of MyoD, and the \"pioneer TF\" action to preopen chromatin, allowing multiple TFs to access enhancer sequences. The process of remodeling somatic cells into iPSCs has been broken down into multiple subprocesses: the initial attack of OSKM on closed chromatin, sequential changes in cytosine modification, enhancer usage, and gene silencing and activation. Notably, the OSKM TFs change their genomic binding sites extensively. The analyses are still at the descriptive stage, but currently available information is discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":39320,"journal":{"name":"Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Epiblast and Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines. 上胚层和多能干细胞系。

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_1

Hisato Kondoh

引用次数: 0