South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Oral Health Education Enhancement For South Dakota Medical Learners.","authors":"Layne Hohn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medical education focuses on the biochemical origins, pathophysiologic pathways, diagnosis and treatment of human illnesses. While this educational training attempts to be all-encompassing, oral health and the associated pathologies are not commonly emphasized in medical training. Disparities in oral health have detrimental effects on systemic disease and impacts patient well-being. This project aimed to evaluate the integration of an oral health education pilot program into the medical school curriculum by assessing students' and residents' baseline understanding and perspectives of oral health, followed by a lecture on oral health basics. The goal was to enhance physicians' knowledge so they can help future patients recognize the impact good oral health care has on their overall health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>27 Center for Family Medicine (CFM) residents, 15 USD pediatric residents, and 64 USD SSOM Pillar 2 (MS3) medical students received a lecture on oral health basics. Medical learners received a 10-question pre-lecture quiz to assess their baseline knowledge, followed by the same 10-question post-lecture quiz to assess knowledge gained. Students who attended in person also practiced the application of fluoride resin on oral cavity models and on one another. Lectures were given in various formats, with both the CFM and pediatric residents receiving the presentation through a live Zoom meeting. The Pillar 2 medical students were able attend the lecture, either in person or through Zoom, with 10 students attending the in-person lecture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 106 learners, 88 (83%) completed pre- and post-lecture questionnaires. Quiz results demonstrated that the session helped learners gain knowledge in oral health basics, pathology, and treatment, with almost a 20% increase in average quiz scores across all participants. Further statistical analysis, with paired t-tests, demonstrated that the increase in examination scores were all statistically significant with p less than 0.05 in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The oral health education pilot program, using lecture presentation format over Zoom, was an effective method to increase both resident and student knowledge of oral health basics, pathology, and treatment. Considering the statistical increase in student performance and comfort level with performing essential examinations, this project also demonstrated that students and residents were engaged in the topic and emphasized the importance of oral health education. Based on the positive response to this pilot project, it is suggested that faculty consider integrating this into the medical school curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Combination of Bleeding Disorders in South Dakota: A Case Report.","authors":"Dallas Petroff, David Ring","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophilia A is a clotting disorder due to factor VIII deficiency, leading to prolonged bleeding. Acquired hemophilia A results from the immune system attacking factor VIII, typically occurring later in life. Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation causing abnormal blood clot formation, primarily in veins. This mutation is inheritable and increases the risk of clotting. A combination of these conditions is extremely rare. Correct management of a patient with any bleeding disorder is imperative for a surgical case to prevent catastrophe. We present a surgical case involving both hemophilia A and Factor V Leiden.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"418-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Immunosuppressive Opioids are Associated with Longer Hospital Length of Stay in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.","authors":"Luke Merrill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 767 million people worldwide with over one million deaths in the United States alone. One risk factor identified for possible worse outcomes from the virus is medication-induced immune suppression. Some opioids have been associated with immunomodulatory effects. One immunomodulatory effect that has been linked to the use of these medications is reduced lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage dysfunction. Immune dysfunction has been associated with increased length of stay (LOS) in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients. In the early years of the pandemic, hospitals quickly became overwhelmed by the number of patients needing hospitalization for treatment of the virus. Identifying risk factors and decreasing patient length of stay can ease the burden on staff and equipment needs. It was hypothesized that previous or current use of an immunosuppressive opioid is associated with longer hospital LOS for patients with SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review with 732 patients included in the final analysis was performed. Patient charts were collected from a regional Midwestern health system for hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients between July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. LOS stay was categorized as long (5 or more days) or short (less than 5 days). Patient demographics/ comorbid conditions were gathered and statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who have previously used morphine or fentanyl at any point in the prior year are associated with longer LOS (p less than 0.02). Starting morphine or fentanyl in-hospital was associated with longer LOS compared to those who have previously used (p less than 0.001 morphine, p less than 0.001 fentanyl). There was no significant difference between starting fentanyl or morphine in the hospital (p = 0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of immunosuppressive opioids are associated with longer LOS in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2. Starting an opioid in-hospital is associated with longer LOS than pre-hospital opioid use. No difference in hospital length of stay was found between patients treated with fentanyl or morphine. While it is possible that sicker patients may require more opioids, healthcare providers should consider avoiding the use of opioids with immunomodulatory effects and consider alternative drugs in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Metacognitive Analysis of Simulation-Based Education Identifies a Gap in Healthcare Education.","authors":"Brianne K Haskell Hanisch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Simulation has become an integral part of healthcare education. Studies demonstrate rapid knowledge and skill acquisition with the use of simulation and rapid knowledge degradation if it is not further reinforced. Effect of simulation on metacognitive processes, or the ability to understand one's own knowledge, is not well-investigated yet. The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine in the U.S. and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain campus, collaborated on combining the best simulation-based and team-based learning (TBL) practices to investigate team dynamics and knowledge exchange among team members in high-fidelity simulation (HFS) for 3rd year medical students. The purpose of the study was to assess metacognitive processes and their impact by simulation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The activity consisted of four clinical scenarios (atrial fibrillation, anaphylaxis, meningitis complicated with septic shock and ARDS, and burns). A total of 68 students were tested before the activity for their concrete knowledge and its level of assurance. Immediately after the activity and prior to debriefing, students were assessed for their conceptual knowledge relevant for the simulation scenario and its level of assurance. Knowledge test answers had values of \"+1\" and \"-1\" for correct and incorrect answers respectively, while the assurance level was assessed on a scale from 1 to 4. Calibration index (CI) was calculated as a product of knowledge-based answer value and level of assurance, thus its value ranged from \"-4\" to \"+4.\"&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Data analysis revealed a weak correlation between individual-readiness assurance test (I-RAT) and insimulation decisions (Spearman correlation, 0.336, p less than 0.001). Performance in I-RAT showed non-significant correlation with either the decision making in the simulation or post-simulation test. Irrespective of accuracy, students maintained the same level of certainty across all the assessments (I-RAT, in-simulation, and post-simulation) with Spearman correlation Rho: I-RAT vs in-simulation (case 1) = 0.354, p less than 0.005, I-RAT vs in-simulation (case 2) = 0.419 p less than 0.001, and in-simulation (case 1) vs in-simulation (case 2) = 0.505, p less than 0.001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The obtained results demonstrated low correlation between knowledge correctness and level of certainty. Additionally, learners demonstrated misinformed confidence. This was true for both extremes: some students were overconfident in their wrong answers while others struggled to be assured in their correct answers. This indicated that current simulation educational curricula do not enhance skills in self-assessment. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown medical students lack this skill, highlighting the prevalence of both imposter syndrome and cognitive bias contributing to overconfidence. These are concerning findings considering healthc","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Development of an MD-MBA Program at University of South Dakota.","authors":"Anna Myrmoe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Over the last 20 years nationwide, the number of MD-MBA programs have seen an increase from 6 to 65 with an estimated annual enrollment of 500 students. Many of the healthcare challenges providers are witnessing are business challenges, varying from designing quality improvement initiatives to managing rising costs. Studies have shown those who obtained an MD-MBA degree were better prepared to face these challenges than their traditional counterparts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a regional need and market demand for a joint degree program between the Sanford School of Medicine and the Beacom School of Business at the University of South Dakota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To generate a needs assessment for an MD-MBA degree, an IRB approved online survey was constructed and sent by email to physicians across the state of South Dakota. Recipients included members of the South Dakota State Medical Association, Sanford School of Medicine Alumni, and currently enrolled Sanford School of Medicine students. All submissions were kept confidential, and data was collected and stored in an Excel document.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey generated responses from 108 participants, 58 of which were current medical students and 54 were physician alumni or practicing physicians. Of the total respondents, 58% indicated they would apply or would have applied to an MD-MBA program if available. 84% of respondents agreed with the need for continued education in medicine and business to overcome the multifaceted challenges faced in healthcare. Survey questions requiring additional explanation of answer choices qualitatively demonstrated 92% of respondents strongly support a dual-degree and its benefits to the medical profession.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following submission of the study results in a comprehensive proposal for an MD-MBA program, the South Dakota Board of Regents approved and implemented the program, effective since Spring 2022. The MD-MBA program will allow for completion of training prior to beginning a medical career. Medical education at the university now provides healthcare industry support through healthcare provider acquisition of skills needed for meaningful and effective administrative capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Sex-Split Analysis of Pathology and Motor-Behavioral Outcomes in a Mouse Model Of CLN8-Batten Disease.","authors":"Andrew Holmes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>CLN8-Batten disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized phenotypically by progressive deterioration of motor and cognitive abilities, visual symptoms, epileptic seizures, and premature death. Mutations in CLN8 result in characteristic Batten disease symptoms and brain-wide pathology including accumulation of lysosomal storage material, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Recent investigations of other subtypes of Batten disease (CLN1, CLN3, CLN6) have emphasized the influence of biological sex on disease and treatment outcomes; however, little is known about sex differences in the CLN8 subtype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine the impact of sex on CLN8 disease burden and progression, a Cln8mnd mouse model was utilized to measure the impact and progression of histopathological and motor-behavioral outcomes between sexes. Immunohistochemistry staining utilized markers for intracellular storage materials, astrocytes, and microglial cells; sections were obtained of the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex of Cln8mnd mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several notable sex differences were observed in the presentation of brain pathology, including Cln8mnd female mice consistently presenting with greater GFAP+ astrocytosis and CD68+ microgliosis in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posteromedial/ventral posterolateral nuclei of the thalamus when compared to Cln8mnd male mice. Female Cln8mnd mice experienced a diminished lifespan by 0.5 months compared to their male counterparts (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, sex differences in motor-behavioral assessments identified Cln8mnd female mice experience poorer motor performance in the Morris Water Maze assessment, reverse Morris Water Maze, and increased tremors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Female Cln8mnd mice perished earlier, performed worse on motor-behavioral assessments, and demonstrated marked microglial and astrocyte reactivity compared to their male counterparts. Taken together, the results provide further evidence of biological sex as a modifier of Batten disease progression and outcome, thus warranting consideration when conducting investigations and monitoring therapeutic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tube and the Telos.","authors":"Wendell W Hoffman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstracts.","authors":"Paul A Thompson, Candace N Zeigler, Sherri D Koch, Benjamin Aaker, Valeriy Kozmenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Analysis of Collegiate Athlete Body Composition Using MuscleSound Technology.","authors":"Matthew N Pohlmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Body composition is studied in athletes as a means of measuring physical fitness and progression of training. Athletes can utilize body composition in multiple ways to guide training toward athlete specific goals. Several different methods exist with varying levels of cost, invasiveness, reading complexity, and availability. Ultrasound is a method which, while being affordable and portable, is limited by the training needed to properly read scans. The proposed benefit of MuscleSound is to alleviate the challenge of interpreting scans by providing a program to estimate body composition in ultrasound images. This study compared the use of MuscleSound with skinfold testing, an accepted method of body composition measurement. The hypothesis of this study was that MuscleSound® software would correlate with skinfold testing and serve as an alternative body composition method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was IRB approved through Sanford Research. 35 participants were recruited from a local collegiate men's basketball team over the span of 2018-2023 at varying start points. Each athlete was weighed and measured for body composition metrics using both skinfold testing and ultrasound. Skinfold testing was performed at multiple sites of adipose collection while ultrasound scans were obtained of the rectus femoris. Skinfold testing was assessed through fat mass, skinfold thickness, body fat %, lean mass, and lean mass index while MuscleSound® was assessed through intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) % and muscle thickness (MT). Variables were divided into muscle-related and adipose-related before being compared between the two methods. For muscle-related variables, correlation analysis was performed between MT and lean mass, lean mass index, and body weight. Correlation analysis was also performed between IMAT % and fat mass, skinfold thickness, body fat %, and body weight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The MuscleSound measures were found to have varying levels of correlation to adipose-related variables and muscle-related variables. Adipose correlations included fat mass (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01), body fat % (r= 0.76, p less than 0.01), skinfold thickness (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01), and body weight (r = 0.55, p less than 0.01). Muscle-related variables had lower correlation values with MuscleSound-derived MT, which had correlation values to lean mass (r = 0.27, p greater than 0.05), lean mass index (r = 0.01, p greater than 0.05), and body weight (r = 0.25, p greater than 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;MuscleSound presents a potential solution for ultrasound use in studying body composition. Correlation between the results from this tool and current standard values vary. Of the variables studied, IMAT% correlated best with adipose-related skinfold measurements while MT lacked correlation with muscle-related skinfold measurements. This misalignment of results suggests a potential lack of reli","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Scholars' Research Symposium Abstract: Analysis of First 50 Liver Transplants in a Rural Midwest Medical Center.","authors":"Kyler Hardie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Chronic liver disease, a progressive deterioration of liver function, has become a significant health problem in the United States. According to the National Vital Statistics Report 2017 from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 4.5 million adults have been diagnosed with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (end-stage liver disease), which is 1.8% of the adult population. Liver transplant (LT) is the only definitive treatment with a long-term survival benefit for patients with end-stage liver disease. Over 9,000 LTs are performed in the United States each year. Avera McKennan Hospital and University Center is home to the only LT center in the state of South Dakota. The first LT was performed in 2016 and since then, 50 LTs have been performed to date. In this study, transplant recipient and donor characteristics were reviewed and compared to national data. Also, the study included an assessment of the overall experience with LT at this center.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was IRB approved through Avera McKennan Hospital. A retrospective review of all LTs between November 2016 and July 2022 was performed. Donor information and recipient details were reviewed from a prospectively maintained transplant database. This regional data was then compared to national data using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). Recipient data included age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), etiology of liver disease, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score at transplant, and length of post-transplant hospital stay (LOS). Donor information included age, gender, BMI, cause of death, and cold ischemia time (CIT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;During the study period, 50 LTs were performed. Of these, multi-organ transplants were performed in 5 recipients, all of whom received combined liver and kidney transplants. The most common indication for LT was end-stage liver disease due to alcoholic cirrhosis, which represented the primary diagnosis in 54% of the recipients, vs 35.2% nationally. Hepatocellular carcinoma was present in 20% of the patients. Recipient characteristics included 30 men and 20 women with a median age of 52 years and a median BMI of 28.7 kg/m2 respectively. The most common race/ethnicity was white followed by Native American at 62% and 36%, respectively. The median MELD score at transplant was 33.5 and the median length of post-transplant LOS was 9-days. This center has a cumulative 98% death-censored graft survival rate and 85.7% patient survival rate at one year after transplant. With regards to medical urgency, 42% of the patients received transplants with MELD greater than or equal to 35 and 34% of the patients with MELD 30-34 compared to the national averages of 20.9% and 18.3%, respectively, in 2020. The median donor age was 29-years and median BMI was 26.1 kg/m2. The main cause of donor death was head trauma at 52%, followed by anoxia, and","PeriodicalId":39219,"journal":{"name":"South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association","volume":"77 9","pages":"397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}