East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Probiotics for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"S Y Tam","doi":"10.12809/eaap2643","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap2643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of probiotics on major depressive disorder (MDD). MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I, and Google Scholar were searched for randomised controlled trials published from inception to 1 March 2025 that compared changes in validated depression rating scale scores among patients diagnosed with MDD who received either probiotics or placebo. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models; subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to identify potential moderators of heterogeneity. In total, 13 studies involving 710 patients with MDD were included in the analysis. The pooled SMD was 0.38, favouring probiotics use. Between-study heterogeneity was moderate, with an <i>I</i>² of 42.8%. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression identified no significant moderators of the SMD. Probiotics appear to reduce depressive symptoms, but factors contributing to heterogeneity remain uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-impulsivity link: association between peripheral inflammatory ratios and borderline personality disorder.","authors":"R Raj, J Nabi, S Gidwani, S Parveen, Z A Wani","doi":"10.12809/eaap25128","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine associations between impulsivity and peripheral inflammatory ratios in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of BPD who presented to the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Kashmir, India, between November 2024 and June 2025 were invited to participate. Recent self-harm was recorded. A blood sample (3 mL) was collected from each patient; levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were recorded. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were calculated. BPD symptomatology was assessed using the self-report Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ). Impulsivity was assessed using the self-report Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking-Impulsive Behaviour Scale, short version (UPPS-S).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 26 women and seven men (mean age, 21.2 years) were included in the analysis. Of these, 17 reported recent self-harm and the remaining 16 did not; the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of peripheral inflammatory ratios. In Pearson correlation analysis, MLR showed a trend towards correlation with the UPPS-S (r = 0.338, p = 0.055) and BPQ (r = 0.324, p = 0.066). In multivariate regression analysis, MLR remained associated with the UPPS-S (β = 0.460, p = 0.017) and BPQ (β = 0.358, p = 0.056).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although patients with BPD with or without recent self-harm did not differ significantly in terms of peripheral inflammatory ratios, the specific association between higher MLR and greater impulsivity suggests that immune abnormalities are linked to impulsivity in BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug repurposing in the management of major depressive disorder: a perspective.","authors":"V Kulshreshtha, A Dixit, C V Singh, A K Mishra, V Kumar, K Kaktan","doi":"10.12809/eaap25103","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We review the literature regarding repurposed medications for major depressive disorder (MDD). Preclinical and clinical research on repurposed medications for MDD was reviewed, including agents that modulate the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems; enhance neurotrophic signalling; and reduce neuroinflammation, as well as nutraceuticals. Telmisartan, statins, celecoxib, valproic acid, pregabalin, metformin, pioglitazone, ketamine, dextromethorphan-bupropion, aripiprazole, and modafinil show effectiveness in the treatment of MDD, as do nutritional supplements such as vitamin D, zinc, selenium, and spermidine. Mechanisms include neurotransmission modulation, neuroplasticity promotion, and neuroinflammatory cascade suppression. However, the current evidence is limited by a lack of large-scale randomised controlled trials and insufficient mechanistic characterisation. Drug repurposing leverages proven safety profiles while reducing development costs and time. Nonetheless, clinical studies are needed to confirm effectiveness, elucidate mechanisms, and specify their incorporation into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to fluoxetine therapy for depression.","authors":"A S Walyddaini, S T Lisal, Ilhamuddin, A A Zainuddin, A J Tanra, Y Widianingsih, S Syamsuddin","doi":"10.12809/eaap25122","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to fluoxetine therapy for improving depressive symptoms and serum serotonin levels in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients aged 18 to 45 years who had been prescribed fluoxetine therapy for new-onset or chronic depression were recruited between November 2024 and February 2025 at the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and three affiliated hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia. Participants were randomised in an alternating sequence to receive either fluoxetine 20 mg/day alone or in combination with oral magnesium supplementation 250 mg/day. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and week 6. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Blood samples were collected to measure serum serotonin levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 32 women and 8 men who received either fluoxetine alone (n = 20) or in combination with magnesium (n = 20) were included in the analysis. Both groups showed significant reductions in HDRS total score from baseline to week 6 (p < 0.001), but changes in serum serotonin level were not significant in either group. The reduction in HDRS total score was greater in the intervention group than in the control group (-6.35 vs -2.80, p < 0.001), particularly in the domains of mood and insomnia. The median reduction in HDRS total score was greater in the intervention group than in the control group (-6 vs -2, p < 0.001). The group effect remained significant (F(1,30) = 33.51, partial η² = 0.528, p < 0.001) after adjustment for baseline HDRS score and demographic covariates, indicating a large effect size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to fluoxetine therapy improves HDRS total score in patients with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between soft drink consumption and depression mediated by gut microbiome: a perspective.","authors":"S S Sailesh","doi":"10.12809/eaap25136","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This perspective synthesises current evidence on the association between soft drink consumption and depression, with emphasis on the gut microbiome as a potential mediating mechanism. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: 'soft drinks', 'sugar-sweetened beverages', 'carbonated beverages', 'soda', 'depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'mental health', 'gut microbiome', 'microbiota', and 'gut-brain axis'. Peer-reviewed original articles published in English between January 2000 and October 2025 were included if they involved human participants of any age (sample size ≥50 for observational studies), assessed soft drink or sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and measured depression diagnosis, depressive symptoms, or depression severity. Associations between soft drink consumption and increased depression risk were consistently shown across multiple study designs and populations. Evidence for artificially sweetened beverages was less consistent and suggested potentially distinct, non-sugar-related pathways. A multicentre cohort study of 932 participants revealed that soft drink consumption predicted the major depressive disorder diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.081), with stronger effects in women (odds ratio = 1.167). <i>Eggerthella</i> partially mediated the soft drink-depression association, explaining approximately 4% of the association. Soft drink consumption is associated with increased depression risk through multiple biological pathways involving inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and gut microbiome alterations. Modest effect sizes suggest the involvement of multiple interconnected mechanisms. Public health interventions to limit sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are recommended to improve physical and mental health. Healthcare providers should consider dietary assessment and counselling as part of depression prevention and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"56-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"J Li, S Ye, S Li, A Dahlan, S Wang, W Zheng, A W B Nikmat","doi":"10.12809/eaap25113","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate spiritual well-being as a predictor of successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults in the Xiashan District of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Older adults aged ≥60 years who had a score of ≥10 on the Mini-Mental State Examination were recruited from eight community health service centres in the Xiashan District of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China between August and December 2024. Participants were assessed using the Successful Ageing Inventory, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Social Support Rating Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 147 men and 279 women aged 60 to 95 years were included in the study. Predictors of successful ageing were having a religious belief (β = 0.10, p = 0.04), having completed primary school (β = 0.11, p = 0.08), middle/high/vocational high school (β = 0.18, p = 0.01), or junior college or college and above (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) education, having better spiritual well-being (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), and having higher levels of social support (β = 0.14, p = 0.01). The model explained 23% of the variance, indicating a moderate fit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spiritual well-being, educational attainment, religious belief, and social support are key determinants of successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults in the Xiashan District of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of risperidone for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behaviour disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"S Penubarthi, K Rajamanickam, H A Thappa, R Ayyalasomayajula, P S Chakravarthy, S Vats, A Suklabaidya, S Sarkar","doi":"10.12809/eaap25137","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantitatively synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of risperidone augmentation in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for studies published from inception to 14 February 2025 using combinations of the following terms: ADHD, DBD, risperidone, aggression, and RCTs. Included studies were RCTs that evaluated the efficacy and/or safety of risperidone as an adjunct to optimise stimulant therapy in individuals aged 6 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD and comorbid DBDs. The primary outcome was change in aggression from baseline to post-intervention, measured using standardised scales, between the risperidone and placebo groups. Secondary outcomes included the tolerability of risperidone in terms of weight gain and increased serum prolactin levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three studies involving individuals aged 6 to 12 years with a dual diagnosis of ADHD and DBDs were included in the analysis. The overall sample size was 279, with 144 in the risperidone group and 135 in the placebo or active control (stimulant) group. Individuals receiving risperidone augmentation showed improvement in aggression (standardised mean difference [SMD] = -0.79, p < 0.001), greater weight gain (2.1 vs 0.5 kg, SMD = 0.22, p = 0.06), and higher serum prolactin levels (28.5 vs 2.3 ng/mL, SMD = 1.40, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risperidone augmentation reduces aggression and oppositional symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid DBDs. Nonetheless, risperidone is associated with risks of weight gain, elevated serum prolactin, and metabolic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation for depressive and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, sham-controlled, cross-over study.","authors":"P Sharma, S M Singh, S Mehta, A Ghosh, K Kumar","doi":"10.12809/eaap2589","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap2589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the effect of two sessions of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) at a 30-minute interval on depressive and other non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients aged ≥18 years with mild-to-moderate idiopathic PD who had depressive symptoms, were right-handed, had no or mild cognitive impairment, and were receiving stable doses of anti-Parkinsonian drugs for at least 1 month were invited to participate. Participants were randomly assigned to either the active-first or sham-first group. Intervention consisted of two sessions (separated by a 30-minute interval) of 20-minute anodal stimulation targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Participants were assessed at baseline and 1 week after intervention using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Parts 1 to 3, and EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level Scale. Adverse effects of HD-tDCS and any subjective change in emotional state were assessed immediately after intervention. Subsequently, participants crossed over to the alternate group after a 1-week washout period. Participants were asked after each session to guess the type of stimulation received.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 25 patients were included in the analysis. Significant time × group interactions were observed for Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (p = 0.02), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (p < 0.01), Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 1 (p = 0.02), Part 2 (p < 0.01), Part 3 (p < 0.01), and EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level Scale (p = 0.05). Common adverse effects included itching and burning sensations at the stimulation site. Subjective mood change was reported by 72% of participants in the active group and 48% of those in the sham group. The active and sham groups did not differ significantly in terms of correct identification of the stimulation type (96% vs 20%, p = 0.18).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-session HD-tDCS at a 30-minute interval targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a safe, well-tolerated, and potentially effective intervention for depressive and cognitive symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involuntary autobiographical memories: a pilot study.","authors":"M M So, E Y H Chen, B Cai, C W Cheng, H L Lau, S M Y Wong, Y N Suen, C L M Hui","doi":"10.12809/eaap2558","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap2558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This pilot study aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) elicited with or without audio word stimuli among healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy participants were recruited via convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to perform a task that assesses the frequency and characteristics of IAMs with or without word stimuli. Recorded characteristics included modality, event date, valence, presence of simultaneous thoughts, and trigger. Visual and auditory vividness, believed accuracy, and spontaneity of the IAM were rated on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 26 healthy participants were randomly assigned to either the no-stimuli group (n = 12) or the word-stimuli group (n = 14). The no-stimuli and word-stimuli groups recalled 75 and 99 IAMs, respectively. For participant-level comparisons, there was no significant group difference. For memory-level comparisons, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of IAM frequencies, modality type, valence, and simultaneous thoughts, as well as auditory vividness, visual vividness, and spontaneity. However, compared with the no-stimuli group, the word-stimuli group recalled more IAMs from the day of the assessment and fewer from the past month (p = 0.039), reported fewer internally and more externally triggered IAMs (p < 0.001), with lower believed accuracy (p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retrieval conditions could affect the recency, trigger, and accuracy of IAMs. These findings are largely consistent with the literature and support the use of audio stimuli to elicit IAMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beliefs and attitudes towards drug use, psychological hardiness, and self-esteem among adolescents in northwestern Syria.","authors":"Iman Sarmini","doi":"10.12809/eaap25154","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify associations between drug use and both self-esteem and psychological hardiness among adolescents in northwestern Syria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents from various schools in northwestern Syria and Azaz were invited to participate. Participants were assessed for beliefs and attitudes towards drug use (using the Beliefs and Attitudes of Substance Abuse Inventory [BASAI]), psychological hardiness (using the Psychological Hardiness Scale), and self-esteem (using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 230 male and 161 female adolescents aged 11 to 15 years (n = 124) or 16 to 19 years (n = 267) were included in the analysis. BASAI scores were higher in male adolescents than in female adolescents (39.7 ± 8.7 vs 37.7 ± 6.8, p = 0.016) and in those aged 16 to 19 years than in those aged 11 to 15 years (40.0 ± 8.3 vs 36.6 ± 6.8, p < 0.001). BASAI scores were inversely correlated with self-esteem (<i>r</i> = -0.304, p < 0.001) and psychological hardiness (<i>r</i> = -0.451, p < 0.001) scores. Psychological hardiness was a significant predictor of BASAI scores (β = -0.404, B = -0.210, p < 0.001), whereas self-esteem was not (β = -0.090, B = -0.168, p = 0.094).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological hardiness is a potential predictor of drug use among adolescents with positive beliefs and attitudes towards substance use. The association may be stronger among male adolescents and high school students.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}