East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Small-group, online, actor-as-instructor clinical interview training: a single-blind, randomised controlled study.","authors":"A L Tsui, S W H Chau","doi":"10.12809/eaap2451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of actors as standardised patient-instructors (SPI) in clinical interview training in the psychiatry module of the medical curriculum is welcomed by medical students. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of this training in enhancing medical students' psychiatric interview skills.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-blind randomised controlled study with two arms. Between 17 July 2023 and 26 January 2024, year 5 medical students of The Chinese University of Hong Kong who were studying the psychiatry module and had completed the introductory lecture on clinical interview skills were invited to participate. Participants were asked to rate (1) the helpfulness and adequacy of the existing clinical interview training and (2) their confidence in implementing the clinical interview skills. Participants were then randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. Participants in the intervention group received a single clinical interview training workshop through a teleconference platform around mid-module, whereas participants in the control group received teaching as usual. Each workshop involved one trained SPI and two students and lasted for 2 hours. Students engaged in two psychiatric scenarios (post-traumatic stress disorder and delusional disorder). The actor interacted with the students and then provided feedback and guidance based on the four key learning points, namely respectful and sincere attitude, attunement, reflective listening, and empathetic understanding. While one student was practising with the actor, the other student observed and provided peer feedback. Outcome measures included the interview skill sub-score and total score of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) at the end of the module, as well as perceptions of participants on the workshop.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 279 eligible students, 112 were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=58, 52% female) or the control group (n=54, 52% female). The intervention and control groups were comparable in terms of module-end written examination score, interview skill sub-score of OSCE, and total score of OSCE. Despite this, participants provided highly positive feedback for the clinical interview training using the SPI approach, and 98.3% considered that the session had a positive effect on clinical communication skills. Nonetheless, the post-workshop confidence levels of participants were not correlated with the interview skill sub-score or the total score of OSCE. Similarly, participants' perceived positive feedback of the workshop was not correlated with the Interview skill sub-score or the total score of OSCE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Small-group online clinical interview training using the SPI approach is welcomed by students. Positive subjective outcomes may not match with objective outcomes. Further studies are needed to establish the benefit of the SPI app","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 4","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - parent version among Hong Kong children with various psychiatric disorders.","authors":"H K Cheung, Y C Tang, H S Yu","doi":"10.12809/eaap2425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health problems in childhood. Early detection and treatment are essential. We aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - parent version (SCAS-P) in children with various psychiatric disorders in Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents or guardians were recruited by convenience sampling from the child and adolescent psychiatry specialist out-patient clinic at Queen Mary Hospital. The parents or guardians were asked to complete the SCAS-P, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version IV (DISC-IV) anxiety module, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders parent version (SCARED-P), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 135 child-parent pairs were included. The median age of the children (78 male and 57 female) was 10 (range, 8-11) years. The children had various psychiatric diagnoses; 43.7% had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 41.4% had autism spectrum disorder. In addition, 57 (42.2%) children were diagnosed by a psychiatrist with at least one anxiety disorder (based on the DISC-IV anxiety module). The median SCAS-P score was 36.0; it was higher in children with anxiety disorder (n = 57) than in children without anxiety disorder (n = 78) [46.0 vs 28.5, p < 0.001]. The internal consistency of the SCAS-P was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.938). Convergent validity of the SCAS-P was confirmed with the SCARED-P and CBCL subscales of internalising and anxiety, whereas divergent validity of the SCAS-P was confirmed with the CBCL subscales of externalising, aggression, and delinquency. Test-retest reliability of the SCAS-P was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90). The SCAS-P had satisfactory criterion validity for any anxiety disorder (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77), obsessive compulsive disorder (AUC = 0.76), social anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.70), separation anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.81), generalised anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.82), and physical injury fears (AUC = 0.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SCAS-P has satisfactory validity and reliability in screening anxiety disorders among children with various psychiatric disorders. In a busy clinic setting, we recommend using the total SCAS-P score to screen anxiety among children with psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with burnout among healthcare workers in a Singaporean hospital during the post-COVID era.","authors":"L E C Lim, G M Y T Heng, Y H Chan, H C Wong, L K M Loh, L Y T Eng, C Chan, J Fam","doi":"10.12809/eaap2428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate factors associated with burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All HCWs from the Singapore General Hospital were invited to participate in a survey using a secure online platform. Participant demographic data were collected. Instruments used included the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, a brief form of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire, and the Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 9888 staff, 742 (7.5%) responded. The mean OLBI score was 43.7, whereas the mean exhaustion subscale score was 22.5 and the mean disengagement subscale score was 21.2. Of the participants, 53.6% and 50.0% met the cut-off values for disengagement and exhaustion, respectively. In the linear regression analysis, those aged 20 to 29 years had higher OLBI scores than those aged ≥40 years (ß = 1.88, p = 0.001). Higher OLBI scores were associated with higher Patient Health Questionnaire-4 scores (ß = 0.52, p < 0.001), including the subscales of anxiety (ß = 0.30, p = 0.038) and depression (ß = 0.70, p < 0.001), lower scores for resilience (ß = -0.20, p < 0.001), particularly in the subscales of self-efficacy (ß = -0.37, p = 0.018) and cognitive focus (ß = -1.02, p < 0.001), higher psychological demand subscale scores (ß = 0.62, p < 0.001) and lower decision latitude subscale scores (ß = -0.33, p < 0.001) and lower social support subscale scores (ß = -0.47, p < 0.001), and lower Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale score (ß = -0.55, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among HCWs in a Singaporean hospital, burnout was associated with age <40 years, the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, low resilience, high psychological demands and low decision latitude and social support, and low leisure time satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition among people with dementia in Khon Kaen, Thailand.","authors":"S Aphisitphinyo, C Archaaphisit, P Rangseekajee, P Paholpak, V Pisprasert, P Vadhanavikkit, N Piyavhatkul, P Paholpak","doi":"10.12809/eaap2417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the rate and predictive factors of malnutrition in people with dementia in Khon Kaen, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged ≥60 years with a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder (according to DSM-5 criteria) and their primary caregivers were invited to participate. Nutritional status was assessed using the Thai version of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment. Cognitive function was assessed using the Thai version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Functional status was assessed using the Barthel Index for activities of daily living and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Overall dementia symptom severity was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression - severity scale. The profile of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia was assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 61 pairs of older adults with dementia and their caregivers were included. Of the 61 patients with dementia, 4.9% had malnutrition and 34.4% were at risk of malnutrition. Regarding caregivers, 6.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Predictors for the nutritional status of patients with dementia were caregiver Mini-Nutritional Assessment score (odds ratio = 0.72, p = 0.03) and patient Neuropsychiatric Inventory apathy subscale score (odds ratio = 1.26, p = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Apathy level of patients and nutritional status of caregivers were predictors of nutritional status in patients with dementia. Regular monitoring of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in older adults with dementia and the nutritional status of their caregivers should be included in comprehensive nutritional assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating effects of age on associations between exercise self-efficacy and physical activity in women with psychosis in Hong Kong.","authors":"C Y T Leung, Y N Suen, L L H Lo, E H M Lee, C L M Hui, S K W Chan, E Y H Chen","doi":"10.12809/eaap2424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity (PA) can improve the clinical symptoms, physical health, and functional outcomes of patients with psychosis. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of age on the associations between exercise self-efficacy (ESE) and PA in women with psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 38 women with psychosis (mean age, 37.5±13.2 years) who participated in a community mental health project in Hong Kong were analysed. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Levels of PA were determined using the self-report International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form. ESE was assessed using a self-report instrument. The moderating effects of age on associations between ESE domains and physical activity levels were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age was correlated with moderate-intensity PA (<i>r</i> = 0.51, p = 0.007) and total PA (<i>r</i> = 0.52, p = 0.002). The ESE 'must exercise alone' domain was correlated with moderate-intensity PA (<i>r</i> = 0.17, p = 0.009) and total PA (<i>r</i> = 0.15, p = 0.04). The ESE 'resistance from others' domain was correlated with moderate-intensity PA (<i>r</i> = 0.0003, p = 0.03). No significant correlations were observed between other PA variables and other ESE domains. Among women with psychosis, age was a moderating factor in the association between moderate-intensity PA and ESE, particularly in domains of 'must exercise alone', 'inconvenience to exercise', and 'resistance from others'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among women with psychosis, ESE domains of 'must exercise alone', 'inconvenience to exercise', and 'resistance from others' as well as overall ESE were significantly associated with moderate-intensity PA in older age group only. Age-specific strategies should be applied when designing interventions to increase PA levels in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delirium secondary to inadvertent administration of naltrexone in patient with opioid dependence syndrome: a case report.","authors":"K Aggarwal, R Ranjan, S Mallik, H H Salian, S Shekhar","doi":"10.12809/eaap2404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental healthcare for older adults among countries in World Psychiatric Association Zone 10.","authors":"O Skugarevsky, N Petrova, N G Neznanov, K Altynbekov, Z Ashurov, L Panteleeva, N Ismayilov, T Galako, J Ismayilova, N V Semenova, Y Lyan, E Chumakov","doi":"10.12809/eaap2415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare mental healthcare services for older adults aged ≥65 years among countries in World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Zone 10.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A culturally sensitive questionnaire was developed and sent to the presidents of national psychiatric associations of the eight countries in WPA Zone 10 (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Uzbekistan).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychiatric associations of six countries responded to the questionnaire (Armenia and Moldova did not respond). The prevalence of mental disorders among older adults (aged ≥65 years) varied from 2.6% in Russia (among those aged ≥60 years) to 3.5% in Azerbaijan, 4% in Uzbekistan, 12.1% in Kazakhstan, and 13.8% in Kyrgyzstan (no data were available for Belarus). Specialised gerontopsychiatric care is provided in all six countries, except for Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of mental disorders in older adults differed among countries in WPA Zone 10. Improving gerontopsychiatric care is a target for healthcare planners in WPA Zone 10.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"70-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restless legs syndrome and its associated factors among Jordanian medical students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"T Al-Hunaiti, L Ashour, B Jamal, L A Abu Sirhan, R Iqnaibi, R Abdel Hafez, N Alrawajfeh, M Alsouri, K Funjan","doi":"10.12809/eaap2422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among Jordanian medical students and its association with stress, anxiety, smoking, caffeine use, study habits, and academic performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2023 and January 2024 among medical students in the Jordanian public universities. Participants were selected to complete a questionnaire (based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for RLS) through convenience and snowball sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 215 participants, 11 men and 13 women met the diagnostic criteria for RLS based on their questionnaire responses; the prevalence of RLS was 11.2%. Among these 24 participants, 66.7% reported worsened symptoms during examination periods; 79.1% reported worsened symptoms when experiencing daytime stress; 62.5% reported improved symptoms following physical activity; 66.7% reported that RLS symptoms affected sleep quality; and 45.8% reported having a concomitant anxiety disorder. Meeting the criteria for RLS was not associated with sex, academic stage (basic vs clinical), smoking status, or academic performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RLS is not uncommon among medical students in Jordan. Greater awareness of RLS is needed for prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent associated negative impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 3","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric bipolar disorder with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case report.","authors":"S Mallik, R Ranjan, K Gourav, K Aggarwal","doi":"10.12809/eaap2348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor analysis of the Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient 10 and its association with schizotypal traits in adolescents and young adults in Hong Kong.","authors":"B Y H Lam, C S M Wong, V K W Cheung, S M Y Wong, S S Y Lui, K T Chan, M T H Wong, S K W Chan, E H M Lee, W C Chang, G H Y Wong, C L M Hui, E Y H Chen","doi":"10.12809/eaap2409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is evidence suggesting that autistic traits are associated with schizotypal traits. This study examined the factor structure of the Autism Spectrum Quotient 10 (AQ-10) and its associations with schizotypal traits (measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief [SPQ-B]) in a cohort of Chinese adolescents and young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Invitation letters, stratified by locations and housing types, were randomly sent to individuals aged 15 to 24 years for participation. Assessments were made using face-to-face or online interviews. Autistic traits were assessed using the Chinese version of the AQ-10. Schizotypal personality traits were assessed using the Chinese version of the 22-item SPQ-B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 395 male and 536 female participants (mean age, 19.93 years) were recruited between July 2020 and May 2021. Exploratory factor analysis of the AQ-10 yielded three factors (theory of mind, task switching, and attention deficits) explaining 55.11% of the total variance. Autistic traits were positively correlated with schizotypal traits of disorganised features (<i>r</i> = 0.21, p < 0.001), interpersonal relationship deficits (<i>r</i> = 0.19, p < 0.001), and cognitive-perceptual deficits (<i>r</i> = 0.11, p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Chinese adolescents and young adults, autistic traits, especially task switching and attention deficits (compared with theory of mind) are more closely correlated with schizotypal personality traits. Disentangling the overlapping and diametrical structure of autistic traits and schizotypal traits may help understand their aetiologies, assessment, and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}