East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong West Cluster.","authors":"W S Wong","doi":"10.12809/eaap2658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Hong Kong West Cluster.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chinese adolescents aged 13 to 17 years with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who had been followed up within the preceding 18 months in the Hong Kong West Cluster were identified. Eligible patients and their parents were invited to complete a questionnaire for data collection. Diagnosis of depressive disorders was determined using the parent-reported Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the 21-item self-report Beck Depression Inventory-II. ASD symptoms were assessed using the parent-administered Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview. Broader behavioural and emotional difficulties were assessed using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parental mental health was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depressive symptoms and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 140 adolescents with ASD, 82 boys and 14 girls (mean age, 15.7 years) and their parents completed the questionnaires and interviews and were included in the analysis. Of these adolescents, 12 (12.5%) met the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). Only 58.3% of the 12 patients were receiving drug or psychological treatment. The most commonly reported depressive symptoms were biological and cognitive; sadness was reported by only two (18.2%) participants. Predictors of MDD among adolescents with ASD were maternal educational attainment of a bachelor's degree or above relative to secondary education (odds ratio [OR] = 36.73, p = 0.015), a paternal history of mental disorder (OR = 9.90, p = 0.041), and higher maternal depressive score (OR = 1.24 per unit increase, p = 0.027). Additionally, female sex (OR = 7.25, p = 0.065) and higher paternal anxiety score (OR = 1.24, p = 0.098) showed trends towards an increased likelihood of MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of MDD among adolescents with ASD in Hong Kong was 12.5%. Symptoms of MDD were predominantly biological and cognitive, whereas sadness was underreported. Predictors of MDD were maternal educational attainment of a bachelor's degree or above, a paternal history of mental disorder, and higher maternal depressive scores. Clinicians assessing adolescents with ASD should be aware of these atypical presentations and avoid relying solely on self-reported sadness when making a diagnosis. Parental mental health intervention may be a clinical priority and a potential preventive strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of esmethadone and rapastinel for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"M A Muneer, Q U Ain, S Zahid, O Farooq, M Talha, M Waqas, F Amin, M A Tawab, F A Jabbar, H M Jafri, A Aala, S T Haider","doi":"10.12809/eaap2664","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap2664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To synthesise data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy and safety of esmethadone and rapastinel for major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to December 2025 for RCTs comparing placebo with esmethadone or rapastinel applied as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in adults with MDD. Eligible RCTs were required to report efficacy in terms of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and safety in terms of the incidence of any adverse events. Mean differences (MDs) in MADRS scores between treatment and control groups were calculated, as were risk ratios (RRs) of participants experiencing at least one adverse event. Random-effects models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 11 RCTs were included in the analysis. For efficacy, there was a non-significantly greater reduction in MADRS scores in the treatment group than in the control group (MD = -0.62, p = 0.264). For safety, the pooled RR was 1.09 (p = 0.223), indicating comparable adverse event rates between the two groups. Subgroup analyses showed comparable reductions in MADRS scores between monotherapy and adjunctive therapy (MD = -0.82 vs -0.57, p = 0.891) and between esmethadone and rapastinel (MD = -3.77 vs -0.04, p = 0.140), as well as comparable safety profiles between monotherapy and adjunctive therapy (RR = 0.90 vs 1.12, p = 0.478) and between esmethadone and rapastinel (RR = 1.10 vs 1.03, p = 0.771).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Esmethadone and rapastinel demonstrated consistent, non-significant improvement in depressive symptoms, with a safety profile comparable to that of placebo. Compared with rapastinel, esmethadone showed a numerically greater improvement in depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditional discharge in Hong Kong: a qualitative focus-group study.","authors":"Y D Y Tang, E H Y Lam, E S K Lai, C C Law, W C Wong","doi":"10.12809/eaap2663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify themes among patients on conditional discharge (CD) residing in care homes regarding their understanding of CD and their perspectives on the revised CD guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients on CD aged 18 to 64 years who attended the Tuen Mun Mental Health Centre of Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, were able to read and write Chinese and communicate in Cantonese, and resided in one of two residential care homes for persons with disabilities were identified. Eligible patients were invited to participate in focus-group discussions through purposive sampling. Two focus groups were conducted, each comprising eight participants. Focus-group discussions were guided by 10 semi-structured questions related to (1) participants' understanding of CD and (2) their perspectives on the revised CD guidelines. Participants were encouraged to provide honest and authentic responses and to express their opinions freely in a relaxed, non-judgemental atmosphere; the facilitators remained highly attentive to verbal and non-verbal indicators of social desirability bias. Audio recordings of the discussions were transcribed, coded, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 15 men and one woman (mean age, 57.1 years) completed two focus-group discussions in September 2025. Inductive thematic analysis identified six themes: understanding of the CD mechanism, professional support under CD, impact of CD, recall mechanism, review mechanism through multidisciplinary case conferences, and pamphlet providing information on CD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients on CD residing in long-stay care homes considered that the revised CD guidelines enhanced their understanding and acceptance of the CD mechanism, particularly its supportive elements. Nonetheless, perceptions of CD as punitive and uncertainty regarding recall and review procedures highlight the need for clearer communication and patient engagement. Improvements in explanations through individualised staff guidance, transparent review processes, and bilingual pamphlets may foster trust, autonomy, and compliance among patients under CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Risk of false-positive results when Chi-squared test used inappropriately.","authors":"K C Wong, D Y H Wong","doi":"10.12809/eaap2675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"217-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term trends in psychiatric service utilisation at an accident and emergency department in Hong Kong.","authors":"M P M Yu, C K W Lam, M M C Ho, N L M Au, P M F Tang, M A Suen, S Y Man, A T C Lee, S W H Chau","doi":"10.12809/eaap25146","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe trends in psychiatric service utilisation at the accident and emergency department (AED) of the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, between July 2017 and June 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study reviewed medical records of patients who received psychiatric services in the AED of the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, between July 2017 and June 2024 encompassing periods before the pandemic (July 2017 to December 2019), during the pandemic (January 2020 to September 2022), and after the pandemic (October 2022 to June 2024). The 'window period' (May 2021 to December 2021), during which no community outbreak was reported, was excluded from the pandemic period. Data collected included patient demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and management plans. Trends in psychiatric service utilisation during the study period were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 7441 AED psychiatric consultations (61.1% women) were included in the analysis. The median patient age significantly increased from 45 years in 2017 to 49 years in 2024 (p = 0.007). There was an increasing trend in AED psychiatric service utilisation. Attendance counts decreased during the first two quarters of 2020 (beginning of the pandemic) and substantially surged in 2021 during the window period, followed by a sharp decline in 2022 during the fifth wave driven by the Omicron variant and then rebounded at the beginning of 2023, and the upward trend continued. Daily attendance counts significantly increased from 2017 to 2024 among patients with major neurocognitive disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and disorders specifically associated with stress. Discharge to the community was the most common management plan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to healthcare services in patients with psychiatric illnesses. Demand for AED psychiatric services rebounded after the pandemic. Between 2017 and 2024, the overall patient age increased, and service utilisation increased among patients with major neurocognitive disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and validation of the traditional Chinese version of the Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scale in Hong Kong adolescents.","authors":"J K K Tsoi, S Y Yuen, C Kwok, N S Xu, X L Tsoi, C C Y Hui, P T Y Yuen, A W C Cheng, W L Chu, J X H Jin, M S Y Yu, K F Chung, H K Y Lo","doi":"10.12809/eaap2694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To translate and validate the traditional Chinese version of the Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scale (KAMHS) among Hong Kong adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Workshops for mental health literacy (MHL) were conducted between July and August 2024 for Form 3 to Form 6 students aged 13 to 18 years from 10 invited secondary schools. Participants were asked to complete an online survey for the collection of data regarding age, sex, year of study, family affluence, general well-being, life satisfaction, mental health, and loneliness. MHL was assessed using the KAMHS and the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire - Short Version for Young Adults (MHLq-SVa). The Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) was used to assess four actual and four intended behavioural outcomes. Structural validity of KAMHS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent and divergent validity of KAMHS were examined against the MHLq-SVa and the RIBS. Internal consistency of KAMHS subscales was evaluated using McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability of KAMHS was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 102 female and 33 male adolescents (mean age, 15.8 years) were included in the analysis. For structural validity, CFA of the refined 25-item, five-factor KAMHS yielded factor loadings ranging from 0.43 to 0.99 and good fit indices. For construct validity, three of the 22 convergent hypotheses were supported. The KAMHS subscale of lack of public stigma was strongly correlated with the RIBS (Spearman's <i>r</i> = 0.65, p < 0.001). The KAMHS subscale of understanding mental disorders and their treatments was moderately correlated with the MHLq-SVa subscale of erroneous beliefs / stereotypes (Spearman's <i>r</i> = 0.39, p < 0.001). The KAMHS subscale of understanding how to optimise and maintain good mental health was moderately correlated with the MHLq-SVa subscale of self-help strategies (Spearman's <i>r</i> = 0.46, p < 0.001). Additionally, all 26 divergent hypotheses were supported. Internal consistency of KAMHS subscales was good (McDonald's omega = 0.76-0.91). Test-retest reliability of KAMHS was high (Pearson's <i>r</i> = 0.75, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The traditional Chinese version of the KAMHS shows preliminary psychometric validity for assessing MHL among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographics, psychiatric comorbidities, service utilisation, barriers to interventions, regret after interventions, and suicidality among transgender adults: a 6-year review of a gender identity clinic in Hong Kong.","authors":"T F Chan, J S T Ngan, C P W Cheng, W K Tang, L Y Chow, W K Kam","doi":"10.12809/eaap2659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB) and assigned female at birth (AFAB) in terms of sociodemographics, psychiatric comorbidities, requests for gender-affirming interventions, service utilisation (waiting times and private versus public care), barriers to gender-affirming interventions, regret after gender-affirming interventions, and death by suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of consecutive patients referred to the Gender Identity Clinic for gender-affirming interventions between 1 November 2016 and 31 December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 349 AMAB and 260 AFAB were included in the analysis. Although 51.6% of service users had tertiary education or above, the unemployment rate was disproportionately high at 16.4%. Compared with AFAB, AMAB were older at referral and were more likely to be unemployed and have divorced or married. AMAB had higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities than AFAB (31.5% vs 24.2%), particularly autism spectrum disorder and previous suicide attempts. AFAB had a higher rate of requesting gender-affirming surgeries than AMAB (73.4% vs 56.2%). The waiting times for endocrine assessment substantially increased from approximately 105 days in 2017 and earlier to >400 days in 2022, reflecting unmet service demand. Barriers to gender-affirming surgery were primarily related to pending appointments for surgeries. Four AMAB reported regret after feminising genital reconstructive surgery. Two AMAB and one AFAB died by suicide while awaiting service.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AMAB and AFAB service users differ in sociodemographic characteristics, mental health profiles, and treatment requests. The unmet demand for gender-affirming interventions and prolonged waiting times underscore the need to improve equitable access to medically necessary healthcare, particularly for AMAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"160-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout as a mediator between personal distress and compassion satisfaction among Thai mental health professionals.","authors":"P Benjawacin, T Sumalrot, K Wannarit, S Phattharayuttawat","doi":"10.12809/eaap2684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate whether burnout mediates the association between personal distress and compassion satisfaction after adjustment for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mental health professionals who had direct contact with patients and >6 months of work experience were invited to complete an online survey using convenience sampling through social media groups across Thailand between 25 August 2023 and 25 October 2023. Personal distress was assessed using the Personal Distress subscale of the Thai version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Burnout and compassion satisfaction were measured using the Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction subscales of the Thai version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale, version 5. Mediation analyses were conducted. Age and sex were entered as covariates. Indirect effects were estimated using 5000 bootstrap resamples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 96 women and 32 men (mean age, 36.4 years) were included in the analysis. Among the participants, 55.5% were psychologists, and 40.6% worked in Bangkok. Personal distress was positively correlated with burnout (<i>r</i> = 0.50, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction (<i>r</i> = -0.31, p < 0.001), whereas burnout was negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction (<i>r</i> = -0.62, p < 0.001). In mediation analyses, higher personal distress was associated with higher burnout (B = 0.479, p < 0.001). Higher burnout was associated with lower compassion satisfaction (B = -0.643, p < 0.001). In the total-effect model, higher personal distress was associated with lower compassion satisfaction (B = -0.313, p = 0.002). When burnout was included in the model, the direct effect of personal distress on compassion satisfaction became non-significant (B = -0.006, p = 0.952). Bootstrap analyses demonstrated an indirect effect of personal distress on compassion satisfaction through burnout (B = -0.308, 95% confidence interval = -0.443 to -0.186). Age was negatively associated with burnout (B = -0.111, p = 0.003) and positively associated with compassion satisfaction (B = 0.102, p = 0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Burnout appeared to mediate the association between personal distress and compassion satisfaction among Thai mental health professionals. Higher levels of personal distress were associated with greater burnout, which in turn was associated with lower compassion satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"184-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with substance use disorder.","authors":"J I W Tang, K S W Chan","doi":"10.12809/eaap2681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2681","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess clinical outcomes (abstinence, craving, substance use frequency, psychiatric complications, and adverse effects) and identify factors associated with these outcomes in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) who received treatment as usual (TAU) with or without adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Chinese patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of SUD who received TAU with or without adjunctive rTMS at United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, between September 2022 and May 2025 were identified. Eligible patients were approached for assessment using convenience sampling. The TAU group received psychiatric assessment and treatment, detoxification, counselling, and management of comorbid mental illness; the rTMS group additionally received at least 10 sessions of high-frequency (15 Hz) rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex twice daily. Participants were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months. Abstinence was determined based on self-reported remission of SUD, supplemented by urine toxicology results when available. Psychiatric complications were based on psychiatric admissions and accident and emergency department admissions related to substance use. Reductions in craving and substance use and adverse effects of rTMS were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 385 and 90 patients with SUD who received TAU alone and TAU with adjunctive rTMS, respectively, 52 and 57 patients, respectively, were approached for assessment. Of these, 37 and 43 patients, respectively, were included in the analysis. There was a trend towards earlier 1-month abstinence with rTMS (hazard ratio = 1.68, p = 0.132). In Cox regression, the rTMS and TAU groups were comparable in terms of time to 1-month abstinence (48.8% vs 32.4%), hazard ratio [HR] = 1.680, p = 0.132), time to 3-month abstinence (32.6% vs 21.6%, HR = 1.597, p = 0.272), and time to 6-month abstinence (14.0% vs 16.2%, HR = 0.873, p = 0.810). Craving reduction was significantly greater in the rTMS group than in the TAU group from baseline to 1 month (4.0 vs 0.5, p &lt; 0.001) and from baseline to 3 months (4.0 vs 1.5, p &lt; 0.001) but not from baseline to 6 months (3.50 vs 2.50, p = 0.217). Substance use frequency significantly decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months in both groups (all p &lt; 0.001). The rTMS group had fewer accident and emergency department admissions, fewer psychiatric admissions, and fewer days of psychiatric admission. No rTMS-related adverse effects were reported. In the TAU group, lower baseline craving predicted a higher likelihood of 1-month abstinence and remained significant after adjustment (odds ratio = 0.659, p = 0.018). In the rTMS group, antidepressant use predicted a lower likelihood of 1-month abstinence and remained significant after adjustment (odds ratio = 0.211, p = 0.041). Allocation to the rTMS group predicted greater craving reduction at 1 month (β = 3.140, p","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"174-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalitis presenting with organic psychosis: a case report.","authors":"Y H Liu","doi":"10.12809/eaap2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"214-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}