East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with treatment non-adherence among patients with bipolar disorder in Vietnam.","authors":"T S Vu, N N Tran, T T H Le, T K Ngo, T T H Nguyen, T A V Nguyen, T T D Nguyen, P L Nguyen, T N Nguyen, T L Kim, T M Dang","doi":"10.12809/eaap2507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify factors associated with treatment non-adherence among patients with bipolar disorder in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Outpatients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment at the Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam between November 2023 and August 2024 were recruited using convenience sampling. Medication adherence was measured using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The adherence and non-adherence groups were compared. Generalised multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the effects of relevant factors on the MMAS-8 score. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with non-adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 121 patients with bipolar disorder included in the analysis, 53 (43.8%) were classified as treatment adherence and 68 (56.2%) as non-adherence. In the multivariable analysis, non-adherence status was positively associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 5.837, p = 0.006), lower education level (OR = 3.587, p = 0.023), and receipt of >2 medications (OR = 6.832, p = 0.002), and negatively associated with married status (OR = 0.149, p = 0.002) and family encouragement (OR = 0.214, p = 0.024). In the non-adherence group, MMAS-8 scores were negatively correlated with male sex (β = -0.565, p = 0.001), distance to the clinic (β = -0.002, p = 0.038), and number of medications (β = -1.927, p = 0.030), and positively correlated with family companion during examinations (β = 0.598, p = 0.016), family reminders to take medication (β = 0.585, p = 0.019), and family management of medication (β = 0.636, p = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among patients with bipolar disorder, treatment non-adherence is associated with male sex and number of prescribed medications. Family support is important for treatment adherence; efforts to foster family involvement may improve treatment adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapeutic modalities for phantom limb pain: a scoping review.","authors":"S Santoso, K Tan, S I Sidharta, N Rafif, T Koeshermanto, T Renanita, Benedictus, M F Ilyas","doi":"10.12809/eaap2449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To review the literature regarding psychotherapeutic modalities for phantom limb pain (PLP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched to identify English-language studies, including review articles, related to psychotherapeutic modalities for PLP published before December 2024. Non-English-language studies, books, book chapters, or unpublished literature were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 55 studies were included in the analysis. There were 28 original studies (such as randomised controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, experimental studies, pilot studies, cohort studies, etc), 16 case reports or case series, nine systematic or narrative reviews, one case report with review, and one Delphi study. The most commonly used modality for PLP was mirror therapy, followed by virtual reality or augmented reality therapy, motor imagery, hypnotherapy, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, graded motor imagery, virtual feedback, biofeedback, imaginative resonance training, cognitive behavioural therapy, auditory feedback, neurofeedback, thermal biofeedback, illusory touch, mental imagery, group therapy, and phantom exercises.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PLP is a complex condition encompassing physiological, psychological, and social factors. Due to its biopsychosocial nature, pharmacological treatments alone provide limited relief. Psychotherapeutic modalities have demonstrated effectiveness in treating PLP. Mirror therapy and virtual/augmented reality therapy are among the most commonly used modalities. The combined use of multiple psychotherapeutic modalities is more beneficial than standalone approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose clozapine for first-episode, early-onset, treatment-resistant schizophrenia in an adolescent female: a case report.","authors":"N Y Hui, E H M Lee, S K W Chan","doi":"10.12809/eaap2465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"50-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impairment and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in schizophrenia.","authors":"R Syahna, M M Amin, V Camellia, E Effendy, Z Yamamoto","doi":"10.12809/eaap2502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The efficacy of current schizophrenia treatments on cognitive symptoms remains limited owing to constrained data around the aetiopathogenesis of such symptoms. Complete blood cell counts have been used to identify variations in inflammatory responses among individuals with schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine associations between inflammatory markers and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia aged 20 to 40 years were recruited from Prof Dr M Ildrem Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Diagnoses were made by psychiatrists based on the DSM-5 criteria. Healthy controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index were recruited from the local community. The severity of schizophrenia was assessed by a psychiatrist using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Complete blood cell counts were performed. Absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and white blood cell (WBC) counts were quantified, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 64 men and 38 women were included in the analysis. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 50) were comparable in terms of all baseline characteristics, except that patients with schizophrenia were older (33.4 vs 27.9 years, p < 0.001) and had lower MoCA scores (16.79 vs 27.60, p < 0.001). For patients, the mean illness duration was 3.5 years, and the mean Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score was 74.15. Patients with schizophrenia had higher WBC counts (8.89 vs 7.53 10³/μL, p = 0.002), neutrophil counts (6.77 vs 5.05 10³/μL, p < 0.001), and NLR (3.96 vs 2.68, p < 0.001). Neutrophil counts (<i>r</i> = -0.293, p = 0.035), NLR (<i>r</i> = -0.393, p = 0.004), and MLR (<i>r</i> = -0.351, p = 0.011) were negatively correlated with MoCA scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia show signs of cognitive impairment and elevated WBC counts, neutrophil counts, and NLR. These peripheral inflammatory markers may be used to enhance understanding of the complex inflammatory theory of psychotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and barriers to help-seeking among South Asians in Hong Kong at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"S Hussain, J H C Tse, P W C Wong, M M Y Cheung, R N Y Chan, Y K Wing, S W H Chau","doi":"10.12809/eaap2467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the mental health status and help-seeking barriers and to identify predictors of help-seeking barriers among South Asians in Hong Kong at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and August 2023. Using convenience sampling, South and Southeast Asian Hong Kong residents aged ≥18 years were invited to complete an online questionnaire in English. Anxiety in the prior 2 weeks was assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. Depression in the prior 2 weeks was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Insomnia in the prior 2 weeks was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index. Perceived barriers to help-seeking were measured using eight statements; responses were either 'agree' or 'disagree'. Additionally, quality of life and quality of health were assessed using a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 474 respondents, 273 were verified to be South or Southeast Asians and were included in the analysis. Of these, 13.6%, 22.8%, and 12.1% were at risk of developing anxiety, depression, and insomnia, respectively. Self-report quality of life and quality of health scores were 70.3 and 67.9, respectively. Compared with those not at risk, those at risk of developing mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, or insomnia) were younger (34.0 vs 29.6 years, p = 0.003), not married (27.7% vs 43.6%, p = 0.02), and had lower quality of life score (77.3 vs 52.6, p < 0.001) and quality of health score (75.4 vs 49.1, p < 0.001). They also more frequently reported having cultural/language barriers (50.2% vs 70.5%, p = 0.004), having cost concerns (64.1% vs 80.8%, p = 0.011), being too busy to seek help (41.5% vs 66.7%, p < 0.001), and that their family considered having mental health disorders to be shameful (25.1% vs 51.3%, p < 0.001). The predictors of perceived barriers to help-seeking were full-time employment (p = 0.02), having a lower education level (p = 0.02), and being at risk of developing mental health disorders (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among South Asians in Hong Kong, those who were younger and not married were more likely to be at risk of developing mental health disorders, whereas males, full-time workers, those with a lower education level, and those at risk of developing mental health disorders were more likely to report having help-seeking barriers. The predictors of perceived barriers to help-seeking were full-time employment, a lower education level, and being at risk of developing mental health disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misdiagnosis and high-dose polypharmacy-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report.","authors":"T K Adharshna, P Kathiresan, S Tyagi, T K Abins, P Singh","doi":"10.12809/eaap2509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"53-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ajwa dates on quality of life and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone: a randomised controlled study.","authors":"Rismayanti, L Erlyn, S Saidah, S Arifin, A M Nasrudin, R Rinvil, L S Teddy","doi":"10.12809/eaap2455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant treatment effect of Ajwa dates (<i>Phoenix dactylifera L</i>) on quality of life (QoL) and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive hospitalised patients aged 20 to 45 years who were diagnosed with schizophrenia, treated with risperidone at 4 to 6 mg/day, with a disease onset of ≤5 years, and had passed the acute phase were invited to participate. Participants were randomly and equally assigned to either the treatment or control group. The treatment group received risperidone as prescribed and seven Ajwa dates per day (ie, 60-80 g), whereas the control group received risperidone alone. Patient QoL was assessed by a psychiatrist in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Serum TNF-α levels were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and week 8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 44 participants were included in the analysis. The treatment and control groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics, except for education level (p = 0.037) and WHOQOLBREF physical domain score (p = 0.002). At week 8, compared with the control group, the treatment group had higher total WHOQOL-BREF scores (69.3 vs 66.8, p = 0.015) and a greater percentage increase in scores (283.6% vs 243.4%), as well as lower TNF-α levels (86.8 vs 134.5 pg/mL, p = 0.046) and a greater percentage decrease in levels (-25.5% vs -8.6%). The WHOQOL-BREF scores were negatively correlated with serum TNF-α levels in both the treatment (<i>r</i> = -0.988, p < 0.001) and control (<i>r</i> = -0.918, p < 0.001) groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ajwa dates have an adjuvant effect on improving QoL and reducing serum TNF-α levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis involvement and mass shooting events in the United States from 1900 to 2019.","authors":"R R Girgis, H Hesson, P S Appelbaum, G Brucato","doi":"10.12809/eaap2464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mass murder is associated with a lifetime history of substance use. We aimed to examine cannabis involvement among those who committed mass shootings in the United States from 1900 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified mass shooting events in the United States from 1900 to 2019 using publicly available English-language media reports and court/police records. People who perpetrated mass murders using methods other than firearms (eg, knives, automobiles) were used as a comparison group. Events were dichotomised into either prior to 1996 or from 1996 onward (first legalisation for medical use by California). Post-1960 data were used for additional analyses of a more modern era.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of those who committed mass shootings who had used, possessed, and/or distributed cannabis was significantly higher for events that occurred from 1996 onward, compared with prior to 1996 (11.2% vs 4.9%, p = 0.002). The proportion of those committed mass murders by other methods who had used, possessed, and/or distributed cannabis did not significantly differ for events that occurred from 1996 onward, compared with prior to 1996 (4.8% vs 5.7%, p = 0.76). When 58 mass shooting events and 31 mass murder events by other methods perpetrated before 1960 were excluded, results were similar when 1996 was used as a cutoff for the respective events (p = 0.02 and p = 0.40). Among those who committed mass shootings, those with cannabis involvement (n = 74) were younger than those without (n = 754) [28.7 vs 33.5 years, p < 0.001] and were of younger age group than older age group (11.9% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cannabis use may be harmful in subgroups of individuals (eg, those who committed mass shootings) who are vulnerable to cannabis use. This should be considered by policymakers, individuals with commercial interests, the public, and mental health and medical professionals when they debate related public health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships among coping, loneliness, and depression in Chinese older patients with major depressive disorder: a case-control study.","authors":"T Y Yeung, M M C Wong","doi":"10.12809/eaap2513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the relationships among loneliness, maladaptive coping, and depressive symptoms in Chinese older patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and to compare differences in loneliness and coping between Chinese older individuals with and without depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chinese patients aged ≥60 years who were diagnosed with MDD were approached in a randomised sequence during follow-up appointments at psychiatric outpatient clinics. Attendees of general outpatient clinics and elderly community centres matched for age, sex, and education level were recruited by convenience sampling as controls. Both groups completed a questionnaire that included the six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experiences Inventory, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hong Kong version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric, and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to examine relationships among coping, loneliness, and depressive symptoms, followed by correlation and mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 100 cases and 100 matched controls were included in the analysis. Cases reported significantly greater overall, emotional, and social loneliness relative to controls. Among patients with MDD, emotional loneliness and avoidant coping were associated with depressive symptoms. Among controls, only emotional loneliness was associated with depressive symptoms. Among all participants, avoidant coping partially mediated the relationship between emotional loneliness and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with overall, emotional, and social loneliness, and avoidant coping and negatively correlated with problem-focused coping.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Loneliness and coping should be considered in comprehensive clinical assessments, psychiatric formulations, and individualised treatment plans for older patients with MDD. Targeted interventions addressing emotional loneliness and maladaptive coping strategies are warranted in MDD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognition and affective temperament in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder in south India: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"T Lakshmanamoorthy, B Rajendran, A Shanmugavinayagam, P D Appadurai, A M Raja, R Kathiah","doi":"10.12809/eaap2445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endophenotypes aid in studying the complex genetic basis of bipolar disorder. We aimed to compare first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder in a hospital in India with unrelated healthy controls in terms of neurocognition and affective temperament METHODS. This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November 2012 at a tertiary hospital in India. First-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and children) of patients with bipolar I disorder were included; they were aged 18 to 50 years and had education level of at least eighth grade. Additionally, matched healthy controls were recruited from the general population. Sociodemographic data were collected using a semi-structured proforma. Participants were assessed for verbal and visual working memory, executive function (including cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, as well as concept formation, abstract reasoning, and set-shifting abilities), and affective temperament by a single investigator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 52 first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, 30 were included in the analysis. Additionally, 30 matched healthy controls from the general population were included for comparison. Compared with healthy controls, first-degree relatives performed significantly poorer in all tests and had significantly higher scores for cyclothymic, hyperthymic, and anxious temperaments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Impairments in working memory, executive function, and certain affective temperaments are potential endophenotypes for bipolar I disorder. Working memory and executive function are most important cognitive domains for social, occupational, and interpersonal functioning. These potential markers could be used to trace susceptible genes for bipolar disorder and thus enhance our understanding of the complex genetics of mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"34 4","pages":"122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}