East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Validation of the Dzongkha version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the Bhutanese population.","authors":"S Wangchuk, Y C Kueh, H A Afolabi, R Wangdi","doi":"10.12809/eaap2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To validate the Dzongkha version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-Dz) among outpatients attending a hospital for anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 18 to 65 years who were proficient in Dzongkha, had no history of mental illness or psychiatric treatment, and attended the Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital outpatient clinic were recruited through convenience sampling. They were asked to complete the HADS-Dz, which was developed through forward and backward translation and pre-tested in 30 participants. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) were performed for construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 134 men and 209 women (mean age, 26 years) were included in the exploratory factor analysis (n = 140), CFA (n = 344), and ESEM (n = 344). The two-factor structure was retained. CFA showed poor fit, whereas ESEM displayed good fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.048, comparative fit index = 0.945, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.922, weighted root mean square residual = 0.767). Internal consistency was modest (Cronbach's α = 0.59 for anxiety and 0.64 for depression; McDonald's ω = 0.66 and 0.67, respectively; average variance extracted = 0.26 and 0.24, respectively); factor loadings were low for items 7, 9, and 11. Discriminant validity was supported (heterotrait-monotrait ratio = 0.62), and test-retest reliability was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87). No diagnostic cut-off was established.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HADS-Dz reproduces the two-factor structure of the original HADS and shows good test-retest stability. However, internal consistency was modest, and diagnostic cut-offs were not established or validated. The HADS-Dz may serve as a preliminary screening tool for the Bhutanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic growth in depression and its association with coping strategies: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"N S Ahmad Soobni, S Mohamed, N A Hashim, S S Yaacob","doi":"10.12809/eaap2619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the level of post-traumatic growth (PTG) and its association with coping strategies among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of MDD who had received treatment for at least 1 year (to ensure adequate time for the development of PTG) and could understand Bahasa Malaysia were invited to participate. Lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events was assessed using the Malay version of the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5. Coping strategies were assessed in three domains (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping) using the Malay version of the 28-item Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced. PTG was assessed in five domains (new possibilities, relating to others, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life) using the Malay version of the 10-item Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 122 patients with MDD (mean age, 35.5 years) were included in the analysis. On average, participants reported lifetime exposure to 7.08 traumatic events. The mean PTGI-SF score was 32.65, indicating a moderate level of PTG. The PTGI-SF score was positively correlated with the problem-focused coping strategies of active coping, planning, and instrumental support, as well as the emotion-focused coping strategies of positive reframing, acceptance, religious coping, emotional support, and venting. In contrast, all avoidant coping strategies showed no significant correlations with the PTGI-SF score, except for behavioural disengagement and self-blame. In the final model of hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, problem-focused coping (β = 0.341, p = 0.002), emotion-focused coping (β = 0.234, p = 0.037), and age (β = 0.218, p = 0.005) remained significantly associated with PTG, explaining 36.6% of the variance. Trauma exposure, psychotherapy, and avoidant coping were no longer associated with PTG after adjustment for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among patients with MDD, PTG reflects adaptive cognitive and emotional processing rather than the absence of symptoms. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies were associated with higher levels of PTG.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a recovery definition and core outcomes of psychosis: protocol of an international Delphi consensus study.","authors":"M Starzer, H G Hansen, J Ghanem, O Percie du Sert, A Festervoll, C Simonsen, K Jonas, C Li, C T W Wong, M Lepage, D C F Ma, R Kotov, M Nordentoft, N Albert, W T V Hegelstad, M Weibell, M Clarke, S K W Chan","doi":"10.12809/eaap2635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on recovery after first-episode psychosis remains difficult to compare and synthesise because definitions and outcome measures vary widely, contributing to highly heterogeneous recovery rates (approximately 13.5%-57.0%) and limiting understanding of illness trajectories, determinants of long-term outcomes, and cross-national differences. This perspective describes a protocol for an international Delphi study aiming to establish a clear, operational, and globally applicable definition of recovery after psychosis and to identify a core outcome set for psychosis research. A multidisciplinary steering committee will develop an initial statement framework informed by an umbrella review of recovery definitions, outcomes, and prior consensus-oriented work. We will recruit approximately 60 international panellists, including mental health professionals, and experts with lived experience, with broad representation across regions (North America, Europe, Australia, and the Global South). The Delphi process will include three online rounds, with a minimum retention target of 70% across rounds, and consensus will be determined using prespecified thresholds (consensus ≥75% agreement; emerging consensus 70%-74% with limited dissent; final consensus ≥75% on binary items). Minority positions will be documented and reported. Results will be disseminated via a workshop and peer-reviewed publication to support standardisation of recovery definitions and outcomes and improve comparability and interpretability across psychosis research.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, substance use, and suicidal ideation among first- and final-year medical students in an Indian hospital: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"V Singh, A Sachdeva, S Goyal, N Kumar, A Upadhyay","doi":"10.12809/eaap2616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2616","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare the prevalences of mental health problems, substance use, and suicidal ideation between first-year and final-year medical students.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;First- and final-year medical students at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India, were invited to participate in a survey using consecutive sampling. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. The 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test was used to assess drug use during the previous 12 months. The 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test was used to evaluate alcohol consumption patterns, drinking behaviours, and alcohol-related problems. The six-item Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to assess frequency of use, compulsion, and level of nicotine dependence. The four-item Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicidal thoughts and behaviours.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 160 medical students approached, 20 declined to participate; 140 (70 each from the first and final years) were included in the analysis. Most students were single (90.0% among first-year students and 58.6% among final-year students). Students who were in a relationship had lower DASS-21 scores than those who were single (32.8 vs 40.6, p = 0.03). The mean DASS-21 score was higher among first-year students than among final-year students (41.6 vs 35.7, p = 0.07). However, final-year students had higher proportions of hazardous-to-dependent alcohol use (14.3% vs 1.4%, p = 0.004), moderate-to-severe drug use (17.1% vs 1.4%, p = 0.006), and smoking during the previous year (37.1% vs 7.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Overall, 20.0% of first-year students and 15.7% of final-year students had a high risk of suicidal behaviour. DASS-21 scores were moderately correlated with Drug Abuse Screening Test scores in both first-year students (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.43, p &lt; 0.001) and final-year students (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.37, p &lt; 0.001), as well as in both first-year students (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.43, p &lt; 0.001) and final-year students (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.37, p &lt; 0.001), as well as Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised scores in both first-year students (r = 0.41, p &lt; 0.001) and final-year students (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.44, p &lt; 0.001). In binary logistic regression, higher DASS-21 scores predicted both high-risk suicidal behaviour (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.06 per unit, p &lt; 0.001) and moderate-to-severe drug use (adjusted OR = 1.08 per unit, p = 0.001). Final-year students had higher odds of moderate-to-severe drug use (adjusted OR = 23.70, p = 0.032), independent of psychological distress. Older age predicted high-risk suicidal behaviour (adjusted OR = 1.65 per year, p = 0.017).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Medical students in an Indian hospital experience a high burden of psychological distress. Although first-year students exhibit greater emotional distress, final-year students demonstrate a higher ","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Mediating factors influencing urbanisation and suicide rate.","authors":"M Fushimi","doi":"10.12809/eaap2603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a leaflet for shared decision-making in antipsychotic formulation for patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"K Sugishita, Kenji Sanada, K Miyata, T Yoshio, Y Aoki, K Watanabe, K Momo","doi":"10.12809/eaap2642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a decision-aid leaflet to support decision making on antipsychotic formulation in patients with schizophrenia hospitalised for acute symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The decision-aid leaflet was developed in accordance with the International Patient Decision Aids Standards and the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide. Usability and readability assessments were conducted among 16 patients with schizophrenia and 51 psychiatric healthcare professionals. Additionally, shared decision making incorporating the decision-aid leaflet was implemented in three patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The decision-aid leaflet met all qualifying and certification criteria, as well as 20 of the 23 quality criteria of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards. All three patients with schizophrenia who underwent the shared decision-making process agreed that the leaflet provided sufficient information to guide their decisions regarding changes in antipsychotic formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A decision-aid leaflet was developed to support decision-making regarding changes in antipsychotic formulations among patients with schizophrenia hospitalised in an acute-care ward. The leaflet appears feasible for use in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students in a northern Thailand university: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"P Kaewbut, P Chawalitpongpun, C Chaiwong, P Sihanam, S Mingchai","doi":"10.12809/eaap25131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap25131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students at the University of Phayao, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Undergraduate students aged ≥18 years majoring in pharmaceutical care at the University of Phayao in northern Thailand during the 2024 academic year were invited to participate in an online survey. Demographic and academic data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Mental health was assessed using the Thai version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Outcomes were dichotomised as present (at least moderate severity) or absent (normal/mild) for regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 470 undergraduate pharmacy students, 296 completed the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 58.0%. Overall, 41.9%, 53.7%, and 34.1% of participants reported having depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, respectively; 64.2% experienced at least one mental health problem, and 23.3% reported comorbid depression, anxiety, and stress. The three mental problems were positively correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.48-0.52, all p < 0.001). Independent factors for depression were parental separation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 10.80), high self-imposed pressure (aOR = 7.71), untreated mental health problems (aOR = 53.81), sleep deprivation (aOR = 2.92), lecture-based class (aOR = 4.08), and academic workload (≥4 assignments) [aOR = 3.22]. Independent factors for anxiety were commuting by private car (aOR = 2.07), compulsory participation in student clubs (aOR = 9.26), many problems with peers or partner (aOR = 3.48), sleep deprivation (aOR = 2.28), and lecture-based class (aOR = 2.52). Independent factors for stress were living with a partner (aOR = 13.20), living with family (aOR = 3.26), low support from peers or partner (aOR = 10.63), moderate problems with lecturers (aOR = 88.75), high self-imposed pressure (aOR = 18.61), self-study (aOR = 7.12), project-based learning (aOR = 3.13), and examinations (aOR = 3.60). Notably, sleep deprivation was inversely associated with stress (aOR = 0.19), suggesting potential confounding effects or adaptive coping mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent among pharmacy students, particularly during preclinical years. These psychological disorders are associated with a combination of individual vulnerability, interpersonal dynamics, health behaviours, and excessive academic workload. Proactive mental health screening, integrated care, and reforms to foster supportive learning environments that promote sustained well-being and resilience among students are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satir model-based health literacy programme for behaviour modification in patients with stable schizophrenia.","authors":"R Kijaroonchai","doi":"10.12809/eaap2646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a Satir model-based health literacy programme for individuals with stable schizophrenia and evaluate its effects on health literacy, health behaviours, relapse prevention, and key metabolic indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised three phases: (1) situation analysis and health literacy survey in 972 outpatients with stable schizophrenia, (2) programme development and validation by five experts, and (3) a 12-week quasi-experimental pilot study in 24 outpatients with stable schizophrenia. Outcome measures included health literacy, health behaviours, relapse prevention behaviours, and metabolic indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 15 men and nine women (mean age, 43.0 years) with stable schizophrenia completed the programme. After intervention, health literacy significantly improved (d = 0.56, p = 0.012), particularly in the accessing domain (d = 0.93, p < 0.001), while improvements in the understanding (d = 0.41, p = 0.055), appraising, and applying domains were not significant. Health behaviours also significantly improved (d = 0.61, p = 0.006), with a trend towards improved dietary habits (p = 0.051). Relapse prevention behaviours also significantly improved (d = 0.54, p = 0.015), particularly in the early warning sign monitoring domain (d = 0.45, p = 0.038). Triglyceride levels significantly decreased by a mean of 47.29 mg/dL (<i>r</i> = 0.59, p = 0.025), while HDL cholesterol significantly increased by a mean of 4.83 mg/dL (d = 0.69, p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Satir model-based health literacy programme is feasible for rehabilitation in patients with stable schizophrenia. By fostering personal responsibility and intrapersonal restructuring, the programme empowered patients towards active self-regulation. Addressing the internal 'iceberg' is essential for sustainable metabolic health and recovery in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of magnesium supplementation on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive function in patients undergoing fluoxetine therapy for depression.","authors":"N J Noor, S Syamsuddin, K Liaury, S Tawali, I Idris, I Azis, S T Lisal","doi":"10.12809/eaap2617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to fluoxetine on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and cognitive function in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Outpatients aged 18 to 50 years diagnosed with depression who were receiving fluoxetine treatment at various hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia, between July and August 2025 were invited to participate. Participants were randomly allocated to either the control group, which received fluoxetine therapy alone for 6 weeks, or the treatment group, which received fluoxetine therapy plus 350 mg of oral magnesium supplementation once daily for 6 weeks. Patients were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. BDNF levels were measured using peripheral venous blood samples. Serum BDNF concentrations (in pg/mL) were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Cognitive function was assessed using the validated Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 40 participants were randomly allocated to either the control group (n = 20) or the treatment group (n = 20). Both groups had significant improvements in MoCA-Ina scores from baseline to week 6 (both p < 0.001), but the improvement was greater in the treatment group (4.8 vs 1.35, p < 0.001), particularly in the domains of attention (from 2.90 to 4.05, p < 0.001) and memory (from 2.25 to 3.85, p < 0.001). At week 6, scores were significantly higher in the treatment group in the domains of attention (4.05 vs 3.10, p = 0.002), memory (3.85 vs 2.70, p < 0.001), and orientation (5.75 vs 5.05, p < 0.001). Although improvement in MoCA-Ina scores was greater in the treatment group, change in serum BDNF levels between groups was not significant (60.59 vs -29.01 pg/mL, p = 0.584). Changes in serum BDNF levels were more strongly correlated with changes in MoCA-Ina scores in the treatment group (ρ = 0.667, p = 0.001) than in the control group (ρ = 0.483, p = 0.031).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to fluoxetine was associated with greater improvement in cognitive function than fluoxetine alone in patients with depression. Changes in serum BDNF levels were positively associated with cognitive improvement, particularly in the treatment group. These findings suggest a role for magnesium in enhancing cognitive recovery, possibly through modulation of neuroplasticity-related pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of clozapine as a transdiagnostic treatment for aggression: a systematic review.","authors":"S Sarpeleh, J C L Looi, S Allison, S K W Chan, T Bastiampillai","doi":"10.12809/eaap25143","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap25143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine has been used for treatment-resistant aggression across a range of psychiatric diagnoses. We aimed to comprehensively review the effectiveness of clozapine in the management of aggression. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE up to 8 June 2025. Full-text articles examining the effects of clozapine on aggression and violence in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders were included. In total, 75 papers were included; 49 papers focused on patients with schizophrenia and consisted of randomised controlled trials (n = 9), registry studies (n = 3), prospective pre-post studies (n = 8), prospective comparative studies (n = 6), retrospective studies (n = 21), and case series (n = 2). The remaining 26 papers primarily consisted of case series and focused on patients with non-psychotic disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (n = 4), conduct disorder (n = 3), intellectual disability (n = 5), personality disorders (n = 6), dementia (n = 6), and mixed diagnoses (n = 2). All studies showed reductions in violence and aggression associated with clozapine, particularly in treatment-resistant cases. Clozapine may also offer benefits in selected non-psychotic conditions. Further research is needed to clarify the role of clozapine as a transdiagnostic treatment for aggressive behaviour associated with mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"36 2","pages":"111-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}