Dementia e Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"The knowledge of memory aging questionnaire (KMAQ) in a Brazilian sample: a questionnaire for informants to recognize early signs of dementia.","authors":"Mariel Carolina Montiel-Aponte,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci,&nbsp;Gustavo Gil Velho Rocha","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Till present, only a few countries have developed support programs for caregivers and families of patients with dementia aimed to improve knowledge, skills, and strategies to deal with the patient's symptoms. However, prior to offering this special support, it is important to identify beliefs and thoughts shared by informants related to cognition in elderly people. Questionnaires are instruments that allow having this information, such as the Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire (KMAQ), which was designed to assess normal and pathological changes in the aging process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about cognition, aging, and dementia as evaluated by the KMAQ in people who are in contact with elderly people, with and without cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 78 relatives and caregivers of elderly patients were classified into two groups: group 1: relatives of patients with dementia (n1=48), and group 2: relatives of patients without cognitive impairment (n2=30). They were asked to answer some questionnaires about dementia, including the KMAQ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the questionnaire's scores for normal cognitive changes items (g1: 0.53 <i>vs.</i> g2: 0.53, p-value: 0.99) did not show differences between the knowledge in both groups, nor shows the scores for pathological cognitive changes items (g1: 0.55 <i>vs.</i> g2: 0.55, p-value: 0.969).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems that being in contact with dementia does not improve knowledge about it. Knowledge of normal changes in cognition could make it possible to recognize \"red flags\" suggestive of neurodegenerative processes, allowing for earlier diagnosis and more options for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9939427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aerobic exercise training on EEG: event-related potential and neuropsychological functions in depressed elderly with mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Zainab Khan,&nbsp;Ashi Saif,&nbsp;Neera Chaudhry,&nbsp;Adila Parveen","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased depressive severity has been linked to neurocognitive impairment. Aerobic exercise (AE) is an efficient technique for improving cognitive function. However, studies indicating the importance of AE to neurophysiological and neuropsychological functions in the depressed elderly using event-related potentials (ERPs) are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify the potential benefits of AE on neurophysiological and neuropsychological functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 depressed older adults (AE group: n=15; control group (CG): n=14) were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The AE group was subjected to an 8-week-period AE program (3 times/week for 30 min per session) at moderate intensity, determined using heart rate maximum (HRmax). The training intensity was set at 50% HRmax and increased by 5% in subsequent weeks. Pre- and post-training measures for neurophysiological function were tested using ERP-P300 (amplitude-μV and latency-ms) and also for neuropsychological functions using the trail making test (TMT), mini mental status examination (MMSE), and everyday cognition questionnaire (ECog).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the experimental group, statistically significant improvements were observed when analyzed for all 3 (group-by-time interaction effect, main effect of time, and main effect of group), in both neurophysiological functions (*p<0.001) and neuropsychological functions (*p<0.001), except for ECog scores, where the results were insignificant for the main effect of a group. Correlation analysis demonstrated no association between neurophysiological and neuropsychological functions (*p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings showed that 8 weeks of AE training may be a promising approach to improve cognitive functions in depressed older adults. However, considering relatively small number of patients, the question arises for effectiveness in other populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10367970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9882533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow-up of participants with subjective cognitive decline from Tremembé epidemiologic study, Brazil.","authors":"Karolina Gouveia César-Freitas,&nbsp;Ana Catarina Penalva Berardis,&nbsp;Thaísa Valentim Moreira Pretto,&nbsp;Amanda Monteiro Viagi,&nbsp;Vitorio Lourençon,&nbsp;Leonardo Yuri Kasputis Zanini,&nbsp;Isabella Caroline Callegari Barbosa,&nbsp;Rubya Pasquarelli Machado,&nbsp;Natália Gomes Manso Cunha,&nbsp;Maria Júlia Lumi Watanabe,&nbsp;Mario Amore Cecchini,&nbsp;Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki,&nbsp;Ricardo Nitrini","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective cognitive decline is defined as a self-perceived cognitive decline but with normal performance in neuropsychological assessments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To verify the evolution of patients diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline compared to the cognitively normal group without any concern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a follow-up study based on data analysis from the Tremembé epidemiologic study, in Brazil. The 211 individuals classified as cognitively normal and 174 diagnosed as having subjective cognitive decline at baseline were invited to participate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median follow-up time of five years, 108 subjective cognitive decline participants (62.0%) were reassessed. Of these, 58 (53.7%) kept this diagnosis, whereas 14 individuals (12.9%) progressed to mild cognitive impairment and 5 (4.6%) to dementia. In the cognitively normal group, 107 (50.7%) were reassessed, of which 51 (47.7%) were still classified likewise, 6 (5.6%) evolved to mild cognitive impairment and 9 (8.4%) to dementia. The presence of cognitive decline had a significant association with increasing age and depression symptoms. Considering the total number of baseline participants in each group: the subjective cognitive decline group showed higher percentage of mild cognitive impairment (p=0.022) and no difference was found in progression to dementia (p=0.468) between the groups after follow-up assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most subjective cognitive decline participants at baseline kept their cognitive complaint at follow-up and this group progressed more to mild cognitive impairment than the other group. No difference in the progression to dementia was found, despite the higher incidence of dementia in the cognitively normal group.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive performance, burden and stress in aged caregivers of older adults with and without cognitive impairment.","authors":"Larissa Corrêa,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Ottaviani,&nbsp;Allan Gustavo Bregola,&nbsp;Nathalia Alves de Oliveira,&nbsp;Sirlei Ricarte Bento,&nbsp;Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an increasing number of aged people who provide care for other older people. Commonly existing burden and stress can change the forms of cognitive performance depending on the context of the aged caregivers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the cognitive performance, burden and stress of aged caregivers of older adults with and without signs of cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted with 205 aged caregivers of older adults with signs of cognitive impairment and 113 aged caregivers of older adults without signs of cognitive impairment treated in Primary Health Care. They were evaluated for sociodemographic characteristics, cognition, burden, and stress. Descriptive (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and comparative (Student's <i>t</i>-test and Pearson's χ² test) analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aged caregivers of older adults with signs of cognitive impairment were older, had lower schooling levels, and a higher percentage of daily care hours compared to the aged caregivers of older adults without signs of cognitive impairment. Regarding cognitive performance, the means were lower for all domains. In addition, this same group had higher scores, with a statistically significant difference for perceived stress and burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aged caregivers of older adults with signs of cognitive impairment showed lower cognitive performance, as well as higher burden and stress levels. These findings guide the planning of interventions with aged caregivers in the Primary Health Care.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10104582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of angiotensin receptor blockers in dementia prevention.","authors":"Jordana de Araujo Müller,&nbsp;Laura Jacques Giacobe,&nbsp;Vanise Grassi,&nbsp;André Luiz Rodrigues Palmeira","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-3006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-3006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia are preventable and highly prevalent diseases, as is systemic arterial hypertension. Thus, it is speculated that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be neuroprotective against AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate if the use of ARBs confers a neuroprotective effect on AD, through a systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies published on Embase, LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed were evaluated. The selection of the studies included those that evaluated the use of antihypertensive drugs in individuals with a previous diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. The data were extracted with the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) form. The risk of bias was evaluated by the EPOC \"Risk of bias tool.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 articles were identified, and 3 articles were selected. Two of them analyzed the use of ARB/ACEI versus other antihypertensives and the development of dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a tendency for ARBs to be superior to other antihypertensives in preventing dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10481907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The letter as a forum to promote diversity in dementia research.","authors":"Timothy Daly","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Three major obstacles for dementia researchers in Latin America have been identified: funding constraints, language barriers, and article processing charges (APCs)1,2. It is vital that structural changes are made to facilitate access to publication in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs)1. But while waiting for such changes, I highlight a complementary initiative that LMIC researchers, particularly early-career researchers (ECRs), may benefit from on how to publish their ideas and empirical research: the writing of Letters to the Editor in dementia journals such as Dementia & Neuropsychologia. Letters can overcome all three aforementioned barriers (funding, language, APCs). They are short-format articles typically between 250 and 750 words in response to recent publications, relevant topics, or research letters showcasing empirical research. Letters are generally free to publish; many fully open-access journals do not levy APCs for authors of letters, but always check submission guidelines for suitability and APCs before sending to any journal. In such cases, it costs little time and no money to write and publish a letter. Due to its brevity, a letter is a reasonable first publication for trainee researchers whose first language is not English2, and can be a vital source of motivation and validation during the difficult ECR period3. Furthermore, ECRs are usually already engaged in journal clubs, which they might use to write group or individual letters or, otherwise, build on their independent reading of the literature3. Dementia & Neuropsychologia provides examples of recent letters showcasing empirical work4, responses to recent publications5, and general topics6. While the history of contemporary dementia research suggests that short pieces can have significant impact7, LMIC ECRs should not become over-reliant on letters as a replacement for longer pieces2. Thus, the letter is a tool to help LMIC ECRs gain visibility in dementia research while awaiting necessary structural changes for academic publication. Suggestions for writing a good letter can be found elsewhere8.","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10246491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9607709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of child poverty on brain development: does money matter?","authors":"Diogo Macedo Feijó,&nbsp;Jackson Frederico Pires,&nbsp;Regiane Maria Ribeiro Gomes,&nbsp;Ettore José Filippi Carlo,&nbsp;Tayenne Nélly de Lucena Viana,&nbsp;Jacqueline Rodrigues Magalhães,&nbsp;Amanda Cristine Trevisan Santos,&nbsp;Laís Damasceno Rodrigues,&nbsp;Leandro Freitas Oliveira,&nbsp;Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of the human nervous system makes up a series of fundamental and interdependent events involving birth, growth, and neuronal maturation, in addition to the positive or negative selection of synapses of these neurons that will participate in the composition of neural circuits essential to the activity of the nervous system. In this context, where environment and social relationships seem to be relevant markers for neurodevelopment, advanced neuroimaging techniques and behavioral assessment tools have demonstrated alterations in brain regions and cognitive functions among children developing in low or high socioeconomic status environments. Considering the aspects mentioned, this review aimed to identify the importance of socioeconomic status in children's brain development, seeking to identify what are the impacts of these factors on the morphological and physiological formation of the nervous system, allowing a greater understanding of the importance of environmental factors in neurodevelopmental processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10417148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10053883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with burden in older caregivers: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini,&nbsp;Allan Gustavo Bregola,&nbsp;Bruna Moretti Luchesi,&nbsp;Nathália Alves de Oliveira,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Ottaviani","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The task of caring can negatively affect the physical and mental health; therefore, it is important to understand which factors are associated with burden in older caregivers of older adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with burden in older caregivers of older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study developed with 349 older caregivers who were registered at a Family Health Unit of a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Household interviews were conducted and data were collected on the sociodemographic (profile, family income), clinical (self-reported pain, sleep, frailty), and psychosocial (burden, family functioning, depressive symptoms, stress) characteristics of the caregivers as well as dependence on activities of daily living and cognition in the care recipients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women predominated in the sample (76.5%) and mean age was 69.5 years. The mean burden score was 18.06 points, with 47.9% above the cutoff of 16 points, denoting excessive burden. The bivariate model revealed associations between burden and financial insufficiency, family dysfunction, difficulty sleeping, pain, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, frailty, and multimorbidity among the caregivers as well as worse functional and cognitive performance in the care recipients. The controlled model revealed an association between burden and depressive symptoms (β=16.75; 95%CI 1.80-31.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified an association between burden and depressive symptoms, underscoring the need for the planning and implementation of specific actions directed at caregivers in order to minimize the impact on health and to improve the quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9517227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot validation of a verbal practical judgement assessment (VPJ) among community-dwelling older adults in Israel: the first step toward a national standard.","authors":"Yael Zilbershlag","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased longevity and subsequent increase in older populations emphasize the importance of assisting older people to continue living in safe and residential situations for as long as possible. Judgement, an important aspect of cognition, and a predictor of function may become impaired and compromise safe living. Yet, judgement is difficult to assess, and few valid instruments are utilized in clinical settings that accurately evaluate judgement in older people.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This pilot study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and initiate the validation of the Hebrew version of the verbal practical judgement (VPJ) assessment among community-dwelling older people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 older adults, aged over 65 years, living in the community in Israel, half of whom were independent (n=27, 54%), and the rest dependent participants in a day centre with some level of cognitive/functional decline, completed the VPJ evaluation and comparison assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive and significant (p<0.05) relationships between VPJ and standard assessments were found, demonstrating convergent validity. By comparing VPJ scores between independent and dependent older adults, results also supported discriminant validity. Finally, a multiple hierarchical regression demonstrated a positive relationship between instrumental activities of daily living and judgement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study found the VPJ feasible, likely valid, and culturally adaptable to assess judgement in Israeli older adults. Assessing judgement will provide older adults and their families with essential information regarding function, cognition, and safety and will enable them to live/return home in accordance with their autonomy, safety, and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9567421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive effects of individual anticholinergic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Amirreza Naseri,&nbsp;Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad,&nbsp;Sepideh Seyedi-Sahebari,&nbsp;Mohammad-Salar Hosseini,&nbsp;Sakineh Hajebrahimi,&nbsp;Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anticholinergics (ACs) are among the most prescribed drugs. Investigating the impaired cognitive domains due to individual ACs usage is associated with controversial findings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of individual ACs on different aspects of cognitive function based on clinical trial studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A systematic search was performed in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and the meta-analysis was performed using the CMA software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 3,026 results of searching, 138 studies were included. A total of 38 studies that assess the cognitive impacts of scopolamine were included in the meta-analysis. Included studies reported cognitive effects of scopolamine, mecamylamine, atropine, biperiden, oxybutynin, trihexyphenidyl, benzhexol, and dicyclomine; however, glycopyrrolate, trospium, tolterodine, darifenacin, fesoterodine, tiotropium, and ipratropium were not associated with cognitive decline. Based on the meta-analyses, scopolamine was associated with reduced recognition (SDM -1.84; 95%CI -2.48 to -1.21; p<0.01), immediate recall (SDM -1.82; 95%CI -2.35 to -1.30; p<0.01), matching to sample (SDM -1.76; 95%CI -2.57 to -0.96; p<0.01), delayed recall (SDM -1.54; 95%CI -1.97 to -1.10; p<0.01), complex memory tasks (SDM -1.31; 95%CI -1.78 to -0.84; p<0.01), free recall (SDM -1.18; 95%CI -1.63 to -0.73; p<0.01), cognitive function (SDM -0.95; 95%CI -1.46 to -0.44; p<0.01), attention (SDM -0.85; 95%CI -1.38 to -0.33; p<0.01), and digit span (SDM -0.65; 95%CI -1.21 to -0.10; p=0.02). There was a high RoB in our included study, especially in terms of dealing with possible cofounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The limitations of this study suggest a need for more well-designed studies with a longer duration of follow-up on this topic to reach more reliable evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9567423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}