Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Association of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Expression in Placenta and Intrauterine Exposure to Hepatitis B Virus.","authors":"Dian Utami,&nbsp;Maisuri T Chalid,&nbsp;Rina Masadah,&nbsp;Rizalinda Sjahril,&nbsp;Andi Dwi Bahagia Febriani","doi":"10.1155/2022/4838376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4838376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The placenta is a specialized organ that only performs during pregnancy and serves as an immunological barrier in preventing pathogens to reach the fetus. It has been known that toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the placenta respond to antigens, such as zymosan, lipopolysaccharide, and other viral infections. This study analyzes the distribution of TLR2 protein and hepatitis B DNA virus (HBV DNA) virus identification to gain an understanding of hepatitis B viral transmission from the mother to child.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay of HBeAg, HBsAg titer, Anti-HBs, and Anti-HBc to 59 HBsAg-positive pregnant women and identified HBV DNA using nested PCR in their cord blood during delivery for evidence of exposure to HBV DNA. The expression of TLR2 protein in the placenta was performed using immunohistochemistry analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intrauterine exposure to the hepatitis B virus occurred in 69.5% of all pregnant women who were HbsAg positive. TLR2 expression was predominantly identified in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells with the highest score in mothers aged 20-35 years (75%), multigravida (58.3%), and mothers with term pregnancies (70.8%). Statistical analysis results showed that placental TLR2 expression did not indicate any association with hepatitis B virus DNA identified in cord blood with a <i>p</i> value of 0.730 and an OR of 0.650 (95% CI 0.173-2.440).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TLR2 expression is not associated with intrauterine exposure of hepatitis B virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"4838376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40645806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Admission Outcome and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates among Neonates with Suspected Sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Dessie, Northeastern Ethiopia.","authors":"Genet Molla Fenta,&nbsp;Hiwot Ketema Woldemariam,&nbsp;Yeshi Metaferia,&nbsp;Abdurahaman Seid,&nbsp;Daniel Gebretsadik","doi":"10.1155/2022/1318295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1318295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The aim of this study was to assess admission outcome and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates among neonates with suspected sepsis at the Dessie Comprehensive specialized Hospital (DCSH), Northeastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2017 to March 2018. Two hundred forty-six neonates were recruited, and each patient's blood specimen was collected aseptically using bottle containing Brain Heart Infusion for blood culture. Both clinical and laboratory data such as bacterial culture growth and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern were collected from the neonate; clinical data from the mothers were also included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bacteria were identified from 67 (27.2%) blood cultures. The predominant pathogen was <i>Escherichia coli</i> (35.8%) followed by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (26.8%), and Coagulase Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CoNS) (19.4%). The isolated bacteria showed resistance to Ampicillin 55 (82%), third-generation Cephalosporins 21 (58.3%) and other tested antimicrobials. Overall, 68.6% bacterial isolates demonstrated Multidrug resistance (MDR) and total registered mortality rate was 12/246 (4.8%). Both neonatal factors such as neonatal temperature, septic umbilicus and utilization of indwelling medical device during delivery; and maternal factors such as age, antenatal urinary tract infection (UTI), mode of delivery and prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM) had shown statistically significant association with bacterial sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of bacterial growth was found to be high; <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> were the predominant organisms. Both maternal and neonatal related data were strong predictors for bacterial infection of the neonate. Therefore, improving infrastructures for screening of bacteremia as well as active surveillance in clinical setting needed to ensure proper empirical therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1318295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9286881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40611063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Antimicrobial Activity of Vancomycin-Loaded Soy Protein Nanoparticles.","authors":"Hadi Zare-Zardini,&nbsp;Hossein Soltaninejad,&nbsp;Adel Ghorani-Azam,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Forouzani-Moghaddam,&nbsp;Sima Mozafri,&nbsp;Zohreh Akhoundi-Meybodi,&nbsp;Farzad Ferdosian,&nbsp;Fatemeh Jabinian","doi":"10.1155/2022/5709999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5709999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing targeted and slow-release antibiotic delivery systems can effectively reduce drug overdose and side effects. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin-loaded soy protein nanoparticles (vancomycin-SPNs). For the preparation of SPNs, the desolvation method was applied in different concentrations of vancomycin and soy protein (15:5, 10:15, 6:20, 8:25, and 10:30 of vancomycin:soy protein). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and FTIR were used for nanoparticle characterization. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the radial diffusion assay (RDA) and absorbance methods. Proper synthesis was demonstrated by characterization. The best drug loading (% entrapment efficiency = 90.2%), the fastest release rate (% release = 88.2%), and the best antibacterial activity were observed in ratio 10:30 of vancomycin:SPNs. Results showed that SPNs are a potent delivery system for antibiotic loading and slow release to control antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"5709999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9259352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40604743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Coagulation Profiles and Platelet Parameters of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Infected Adults at Haik Primary Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.","authors":"Habtye Bisetegn,&nbsp;Daniel Getacher Feleke,&nbsp;Hussen Ebrahim,&nbsp;Melkam Tesfaye,&nbsp;Alemu Gedefie,&nbsp;Yonas Erkihun","doi":"10.1155/2022/5954536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5954536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> is an intravascular parasite that interacts with all components of the host blood. Nearly, 10% of S. mansoni-infected patients progress to severe hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis is characterized by periportal fibrosis, obstruction of intrahepatic veins, presinusoidal portal hypertension, and splenomegaly. Thus, this study aimed to compare the basic coagulation profiles and platelet parameters of <i>S. mansoni-</i>infected adults and noninfected individuals as controls at Haik Primary Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Haik Primary Hospital from April to June 2021. The diagnosis and intensity of <i>S. mansoni</i> infection was determined using the Kato-Katz technique. The coagulation profiles and platelet parameters were analyzed using coagulation and hematology analyzers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were done to check the distribution of continuous variables. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to compare the coagulation profiles and platelet parameters. Spearman's rank-order correlation was done to assess the correlation between the intensity of infection and coagulation profiles and platelet parameters. In all comparison, a <i>P</i> value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In this study, a total of 180 study participants (90 <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected adults and 90 controls) were included. Of the total <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected adults, 55.6%, 28.9%, 33, and 15.6% had light, moderate, and heavy intensity of infections, respectively. All <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected study participants had prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). Moreover, about 80% of <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected adults had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Thrombocytopenia was found in 26.7% of the <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected adults. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test showed a statistically significant difference in coagulation profiles between <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected adults and healthy controls (<i>P</i>-value ≤0.001). The Kruskal-Wallis H-test showed a significant difference in PT, APTT, and INR between the intensity of infection and healthy controls (<i>P</i>-value <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed a prolonged coagulation time in <i>S. mansoni</i>-infected individuals. Thus, screening of schistosomiasis patients for hemostatic abnormalities and treating the underlying disorder is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"5954536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9252712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40487794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nanoliposomal Gel Containing <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> Essential Oil with Effective Repellent against the Main Malaria Vector <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>.","authors":"Mahmoud Osanloo,&nbsp;Samira Firoozian,&nbsp;Elham Zarenezhad,&nbsp;Zahra Montaseri,&nbsp;Saha Satvati","doi":"10.1155/2022/1645485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1645485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease; however, mosquito repellents are still a practical approach for controlling malaria, especially in endemic regions. Due to the side effects of synthetic repellents such as <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), the development of natural repellents has received much attention. In this study, nanoliposomes containing 0.5 and 2.5% w/v <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> essential oil were firstly prepared with particle sizes of 119 ± 6 and 195 ± 9 nm. Their morphologies and loading of the essential oil in the particles were then investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analyses. The nanoliposomes were finally jellified to increase their viscosity and facilitate topical usage. The complete protection time of the nanoliposomal gel containing 2.5% <i>C. zeylanicum</i> essential oil was significantly longer than that of 2.5% DEET against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>: 303 ± 10 > 242 ± 12 min, <i>p</i> < 0.001. Moreover, the prepared nanoformulation was stable for at least six months at 4 and 26°C. Therefore, the prepared prototype could be considered a natural repellent against the main malaria mosquito vector in field conditions. In addition, it is suggested to be investigated against other important factors mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1645485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40468411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Findings in Patients Suffering from Emerging Pulmonary Lophomoniasis: A First Registry-Based Clinical Study.","authors":"Masoud Aliyali,&nbsp;Amirmasoud Taheri,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar,&nbsp;Ali Sharifpour,&nbsp;Maryam Nakhaei,&nbsp;Siavash Abedi,&nbsp;Hossein Mehravaran,&nbsp;Sepideh Safanavaei","doi":"10.1155/2022/8034295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8034295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Lophomonas blattarum</i> is an emerging protozoan agent that mainly infects the lower respiratory system, causing pulmonary lophomoniasis. The bronchoscopic findings in patients with pulmonary lophomoniasis have not been investigated yet. Accordingly, we assess the bronchoscopic findings of lophomoniasis in patients suffering from pulmonary lophomoniasis through a registry-based clinical study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, of 480 patient candidates for bronchoscopy, 50 <i>Lophomonas</i>-positive patients were enrolled. Demographic data, relevant characteristics, and bronchoscopy findings of the patients were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 50 (male = 32, female = 18) patients with an average age of 61.8 ± 13.3 years were examined. Nineteen patients (38%) had normal bronchoscopic findings, and 31 patients (62%) had abnormal bronchoscopic findings. According to the severity index, most (52%) of patients had mild severity, followed by moderate (30%) and severe (18%) cases. The highest involvement was in the right lung bronchus (46%), and the lowest was in the carina (8%). Furthermore, purulent and mucosal secretions in the right and left lung bronchus were the most abnormalities found in different anatomical locations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the first time, the current study demonstrated that pulmonary lophomoniasis does not have pathognomonic bronchoscopic findings. However, each suspected patient must be checked for lophomoniasis, even with normal bronchoscopic findings, particularly in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"8034295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9204497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40042206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of rpoB, katG, and inhA Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Multidrug-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Complex Isolates among Ethiopian TB Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Aynias Seid,&nbsp;Nega Berhane,&nbsp;Semira Nureddin","doi":"10.1155/2022/1967675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1967675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of mortality and the first killer among infectious diseases of poverty (IDoPs) worldwide. It disproportionately affects on-third of the world's low-income countries including Ethiopia. One of the factors driving the TB epidemic is the global rise of MDR/XDR-TB and their low detection affect the global TB control progress. Recently, the resistance-associated genetic mutations in MTBC known to confer drug resistance have been detected by rapid molecular diagnostic tests and sequencing methods. In this article, the published literature searched by PubMed database from 2010 to 2021 and English language were considered. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of the most common rpoB, katG, and inhA gene mutations associated with multidrug resistance in MTBC clinical strains among TB patients in Ethiopia. Though 22 studies met our eligibility criteria, only 6 studies were included in the final analysis. Using the molecular GenoType MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl line probe assay and sequencing procedures, a total of 932 culture-positive MTBC isolates were examined to determine RIF, INH, and MDR-TB resistance patterns along with rpoB, katG, and inhA gene mutation analysis. As a result, among the genotypically tested MTBC isolates, 119 (12.77%), 83 (8.91%), and 73 (7.32%) isolates were INH, RIF, and MDR-TB resistant, respectively. In any RIF-resistant MTBC strains, the most common single point mutations were in codon 531 (S531L) followed by codon 526 (H526Y) of the rpoB gene. Besides, the most common mutations in any INH-resistant MTBC were strains observed at codon 315 (S315T) and WT probe in the katG gene and at codon C15T and WT1 probe in the inhA promoter region. Detection of resistance allele in rpoB, KatG, and inhA genes for RIF and INH could serve as a marker for MDR-TB strains. Tracking the most common S531L, S315T, and C15T mutations in rpoB, katG, and inhA genes among RIF- and INH-resistant isolates would be valuable in TB diagnostics and treatment regimens, and could reduce the development and risk of MDR/XDR-TB drug-resistance patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1967675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40402392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross Protectivity Analysis of 49.8 kDa Pili Subunits of <i>S. flexneri</i> against <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Infection.","authors":"Dwi Yuni Nur Hidayati,&nbsp;Septha Rully,&nbsp;Aisyah Amalia,&nbsp;Elsa Larissa Widyani,&nbsp;Genitri Indraswari,&nbsp;Adrian Prasetya,&nbsp;Merika Soraya,&nbsp;Sri Winarsih,&nbsp;Sumarno Reto Prawiro","doi":"10.1155/2022/3751521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3751521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the AMV and AMS vaccine candidates have similar characteristics as hemagglutinin and adhesive molecules, there are differences in molecular weight.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The research aims to determine the immunological cross-reaction between AMS and AMV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Antihemagglutination test used the anti-adhesion molecular antibody AMS. Next, we examined the immune response that has to be linked with protectivity. The model of the research uses MLIL. The sample separated the mice into four groups, and each group had five mice. The first group was the negative control group. The second group was given AMV and infected with <i>Shigella flexneri</i>. The third group was immunized with AMV before being exposed to <i>Shigella flexneri</i>. The last group was infected with <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>. The immune response results were evaluated by calculating the weight of MLIL and counting the colony of bacteria. We also examined other AMS immune responses, namely, <i>β</i>-defensin and s-IgA levels. To get the data, we measured the number of Th17 immune effector cells, T-reg, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, independent <i>t</i>-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An antihemagglutination cross immune response, intestinal weight, the number of bacterial colonies, and other findings were found to be significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for the levels of <i>β</i>-defensin, s-IgA, Th17, T-reg, and IL-17A.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 49.8 kDa·MW protein subunit of the <i>Shigella flexneri</i> adhesion molecule could act as a candidate vaccine homologous for shigellosis and cholera in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"3751521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9217611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40402390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Implications of COVID-19 in Deceased and Recovered Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rajaram Khanal,&nbsp;Shreeyash Raj Bhattarai,&nbsp;Kriti Basnet,&nbsp;Sangam Shah,&nbsp;Roman Dhital,&nbsp;Sanjit Kumar Sah,&nbsp;Sujan Poudel,&nbsp;Odalys Frontela,&nbsp;George Michel,&nbsp;Sima Marzban,&nbsp;Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales","doi":"10.1155/2022/9119930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9119930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with various clinical presentations with majority of them developing pulmonary complications. This study focuses on cardiac implications of COVID-19 which are less discussed and thus will help to address cardiac implications of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar were screened for articles which mentioned cardiac implications of COVID-19. NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools for the observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was used for assessing the risk of bias of our studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 14 studies selected were good and had score of ≥9 by NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 are common. They are associated with significant mortality. Also, people infected with COVID-19 with premorbid conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus have poor prognosis as compared to those without premorbid conditions. Cardiac biomarkers such as highly sensitive troponin I, creatinine, and creatinine kinase-MB on admission are good prognostic markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiac complications such as heart failure, myocardial injury, and arrhythmias are common among patients infected with COVID-19. Elevated cardiac markers and patients with cardiac complications require utmost care and continuous cardiac monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"9119930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9204499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40042207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Clindamycin Resistance Profile of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Associated Factors among Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Aklilu Ambachew,&nbsp;Teklay Gebrecherkos,&nbsp;Getnet Ayalew","doi":"10.1155/2022/6503929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6503929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clindamycin can serve as an alternative treatment for staphylococcal infections. Routine susceptibility tests may fail to determine inducible type clindamycin resistance and can be a source of failure in clinical therapeutics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) prevalence, inducible clindamycin resistance pattern, and associated factors among patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. <i>Methods</i>. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. Clinical samples were inoculated on appropriate culture media. Standard bacteriological tests, including Gram stain, catalase, and coagulase tests, identified the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the <i>D</i>-test were performed by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The <i>D</i>-test was performed using clindamycin (CLI) 2 ug and erythromycin (ERY) 15 ug disks located approximately 15 mm apart, and the cefoxitin susceptibility test was used to characterize methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA). The association between <i>S. aureus</i> infection and different variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. A <i>P</i> value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. <i>Result</i>. Of 388 study participants, the overall prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> was 17% (66/388). Of these, the inducible type of clindamycin resistance was 25.8% (17/66) and 21.2% (14/66) were MRSA. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and resistant to tetracycline. A family size of 4-6 (AOR = 2.627, 95% CI (1.030-6.702)) and >7 (AOR = 3.892, 95% CI (1.169-12.959)), inpatient study participants (AOR = 3.198, 95% CI (1.197-8.070)), illness in the previous 4 weeks (AOR = 2.116, 95% CI (1.080-4.145)), and a history of chronic disease (AOR = 0.265, 95% CI (0.094-0.750)) were likely to have <i>S. aureus</i> infection. <i>Conclusion</i>. This study shows a considerable high magnitude of MRSA and inducible clindamycin resistance <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. To rule out clindamycin susceptibility testing, the <i>D</i>-test should be routinely performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"6503929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9213149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40391273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}