Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Is There Any Relationship between <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi,&nbsp;Reza Saberi,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar,&nbsp;Najmeh Sadeghian","doi":"10.1155/2022/8359859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8359859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Male urethritis is one of the most common genital tract syndromes. Though the number of patients with urethritis is increasing worldwide, the cause of many cases of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to delineate the association between <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> (<i>T. vaginalis</i>) infection and male urethritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the search terms \"urethritis,\" \"<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>,\" \"trichomoniasis,\" and \"male urethritis\" up to February 2020. Overall risk difference(RD) was applied to assess the relationship between <i>T. vaginalis</i> infection and male urethritis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, seven articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis study. Our meta-analysis involved the review of case-control studies, including 2,242 urethritis cases and 929 individuals as controls. Among subjects examined for trichomoniasis, in the case group, 211 males were infected, and in the control group, 32 individuals were infected. The overall risk difference (RD) was 0.06, and the total reported <i>p</i> value was 0.00001. Although the result of our meta-analysis was not significant, it was shown that the risk of urethritis is 0.06 more in trichomoniasis patients than in the non-exposed group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from the included papers showed that trichomoniasis is not a risk factor for male urethritis. Although trichomoniasis alone is not the main cause of urethritis, it can be considered one of the risk factors in male urethritis. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to perform further studies to clarify the detailed association between <i>T. vaginalis</i> infection and urethritis risk in male patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"8359859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9470371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40361150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural Risk for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C Infections among a Population of Drug Users and Injectors across Four Regions in Ghana.","authors":"Chris Guure,&nbsp;Sharren Margaret Obiri-Yeboah Laryea,&nbsp;Samuel Dery,&nbsp;Carlota Baptista da Silva,&nbsp;Comfort Asamoah-Adu,&nbsp;Stephen Ayisi-Addo,&nbsp;Maria-Goretti Loglo,&nbsp;Adamu Mohammed,&nbsp;Kwasi Torpey","doi":"10.1155/2022/2544481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2544481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood borne infections such as HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV) are of great importance to governments and their implementing partners, especially among people who use drugs (PWUD) and people who inject drugs (PWID). Prevalence and determinants of HIV, HBV, and HCV among PWUD and PWID in Ghana are not well established, the significance of this study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This assessment was a cross-sectional study implemented via the respondent driven sampling approach. A team of community advisory boards that comprised former users, current users, and civil society organizations were constituted to help in the implementation of the study. The study was conducted in four regions in Ghana. The assessment was based on a representation of populations of PWID and PWUD from the four regions. Efforts were made by the team to ensure adequate representation of women where feasible. A quantitative questionnaire was developed and used to obtain information on the respondents' sociodemographics, sexual behavior, substance use, and biological characteristics. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among PWID and PWUD was determined using blood samples. First response and oral quick test for confirmation of HIV positivity were carried out, while SD bioline was used to test for the presence of HBV and HBC. Data were analyzed using the Bayesian generalized linear model via the binomial family of distributions under the logit link function with weak Cauchy and Normal distribution as prior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 323 PWUD and PWID participants were interviewed across four regions of Ghana. The overall median age of the respondents was 36 (28, 43) years. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection in the study was 2.5%, 4.6%, and 5.9%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among drug users was 2.5% (95% CI: 0.7%-4.2%), 4.1% (95% CI: 1.8%-6.2%), and 6.7% (95% CI: 3.9%-9.4%), respectively. Most drug injectors and users started using and injecting drugs at ages less than 20 years and between 20 and 29 years, respectively. Drug users who identified themselves as part of the general population were 66% less likely to be tested HIV positive (POR = 0.34, CrI: 0.12-0.81) compared to sex workers. Part time employment respondents had fivefold odds (POR = 5.50, CrI: 1.20-16.16) of being HBV positive as against full-time employment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the injectors and users started drugs at an early age. Drug users and injectors are at higher risk of these infections because of associated risky sexual behaviors and risky injection practices. Harm reduction programs to help addicts who are willing to quit the practice are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"2544481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoemulsion and Nanogel Containing <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Essential Oil; Larvicidal Activity and Antibacterial Properties.","authors":"Hiva Alipanah, Abbas Abdollahi, Samira Firooziyan, Elham Zarenezhad, Mojtaba Jafari, Mahmoud Osanloo","doi":"10.1155/2022/1616149","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/1616149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> essential oil (EGEO) possesses many biological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticide properties. In the current study, the chemical composition of EGEO was first investigated using GC-MS analysis. Then, a nanoemulsion and nanogel containing EGEO (EGEO-nanoemulsion and EGEO-nanogel) were prepared. After that, the successful loading of EGEO was confirmed using ATR-FTIR analysis. EGEO-nanoemulsion and EGEO-nanogel with LC₅₀ values of 27 and 32 <i>μ</i>g/mL showed promising efficacies against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> larvae. Besides, the efficacy of EGEO-nanogel (IC₅₀ 187 <i>μ</i>g/mL) was significantly more potent than EGEO-nanoemulsion (IC₅₀ 3732 <i>μ</i>g/mL) against <i>Staphylococcus aureus.</i> However, no significant difference was observed in the efficacy of EGEO-nanoemulsion and EGEO-nanogel against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> Natural components, straightforward preparation, and proper efficacy are some of the advantages of EGEO-nanogel; it could be considered for further consideration against other pathogens and mosquito larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1616149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanogels Containing <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Mill. and <i>Mentha piperita</i> L. Essential Oils: Mosquitoes' Repellent Activity and Antibacterial Effect.","authors":"Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi,&nbsp;Abbas Abdollahi,&nbsp;Mojdeh Safari,&nbsp;Farnaz Karami,&nbsp;Ghazal Ghaznavi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Osanloo","doi":"10.1155/2022/4510182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4510182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Mill. and <i>Mentha piperita</i> L. are two common medicinally important plants with a wide range of biological activities such as insecticide and antibacterial effects. In this study, the chemical composition of their essential oils was investigated using GC-MS analysis. After that, their nanoemulsions were prepared; optimum samples with droplet sizes of 74 ± 7 and 136 ± 5 nm were gelified. The viscosity of the prepared nanogels and the successful loading of the essential oil in them were investigated. The efficacy of the nanogel containing <i>M. piperita</i> essential oil as a repellent and antibacterial agent was more potent than the nanogel containing <i>F. vulgare</i> essential oil. Its completely protected time against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>, the main malaria mosquito vector, was 120 ± 8 min. Moreover, the growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> after treatment with 5000 µg/mL of nanogel containing <i>M. piperita</i> essential oil was reduced by 100 and 65%, respectively. Considering natural constituents, a straightforward preparation method, and high efficacy, the nanogel containing <i>M. piperita</i> essential oil could be introduced for further investigation against other mosquitoes and bacterial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"4510182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis and Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment Outcomes in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Three-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Thomas Achombwom Vukugah,&nbsp;Derick Akompab Akoku,&nbsp;Micheline Mekemnang Tchoupa,&nbsp;Edward Lambert","doi":"10.1155/2022/2236110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2236110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Cameroon, there are limited data on treatment outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis (TB). We sought to identify the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes and the risk factors for mortality among children receiving TB treatment in the Centre Region of Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicentre facility-based retrospective cohort study using routinely collected programmatic data. All children <15 years old treated for TB between 2018 and 2020 in 21 health facilities were included. We assessed risk factors for experiencing an unsuccessful treatment outcome and mortality through multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 610 children with TB, 307 (50.3%) were females and the median age was 6 years (IQR = 2-12). One hundred and fifty-three (25.1%) of the children were TB/HIV co-infected patients. TB treatment success (cases categorized as cured and completed treatment) was observed in 488 (80.0%) of the patients. Unsuccessful treatment outcomes were experienced by 122 (20.0%) children. Of these, 73 (12.0%) died, 4 (0.6%) had treatment failure, 25 (4.1%) were lost to follow-up, and the outcomes of 20 (3.3%) children were not evaluated. In multivariable analysis, HIV-positive status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.55-3.80, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and clinical method of TB diagnosis (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI, 1.55-3.91, <i>p</i> < 0.001] were associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes. HIV-positive status (AOR = 4.23; 95% CI, 2.44-7.33, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and clinical method of TB diagnosis (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.25-3.91, <i>p</i>=0.006) were the risk factors for mortality among children on TB treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that HIV-TB co-infected children and those clinically diagnosed with TB were significantly more likely to have had unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes and mortality. Our findings underscore the need for healthcare workers to closely monitor and support HIV-TB co-infected children on TB treatment. TB/HIV collaborative activities should be strengthened by implementing TB preventive interventions among HIV-infected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"2236110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9433292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40351236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in the Relation between Comorbidities and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Noushin Mohammadifard,&nbsp;Fahimeh Haghighatdoost,&nbsp;Maryam Nasirian,&nbsp;Parisa Zakeri,&nbsp;Kamal Heidari,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard,&nbsp;Nizal Sarrafzadegan","doi":"10.1155/2022/8267056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8267056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is a lack of information of the difference in sex-aggregated prevalence of comorbid noncommunicable disease (NCD) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the relation between medical comorbidities and subsequent death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All subsequently hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of moderate to severe COVID-19 since February 19^th to June 14^th, 2020, in Isfahan, Iran, were recruited in the ongoing I-CORE Registry. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was done upon admission. Data on preexisting comorbid NCDs including hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancers, chronic renal disease (CRD), and chronic respiratory disease were collected through self-reported questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 12,620 individuals were enrolled in this registry of which 4,356 were positive for the COVID-19 RT-PCR test. In the whole population, in women, DM, hypertension, and CHD, and in men, DM, CHD, and hypertension were, respectively, the most frequent comorbidities. The frequency of at least one NCD did not differ between men and women, but a greater proportion of women had two or more NCDs. Increasing the number of comorbidities was associated with higher death frequency and mortality risk in the unadjusted model but remained no longer significant after adjustment for age. There was no statistically significant difference in this regard between men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, we found that DM, hypertension, and CHD were the most frequent comorbidities. Although comorbidities were more frequent among women, mortality risk did not significantly differ between men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"8267056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9410950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33442847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stunting as a Risk Factor of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children: A Literature Review.","authors":"Nisa Fauziah,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdurrahman Ar-Rizqi,&nbsp;Sofia Hana,&nbsp;Nurul Mufliha Patahuddin,&nbsp;Ajib Diptyanusa","doi":"10.1155/2022/8929025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8929025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a high-burden neglected tropical disease, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a major problem in the world, especially among children under five years of age. Since young children are at high risk of being infected, STH infection can have a long-term negative impact on their life, including impaired growth and development. Stunting, a form of malnutrition in young children, has been long assumed as one of the risk factors in acquiring the STH infections. However, the studies on STH infection in children under five with stunting have been lacking, resulting in poor identification of the risk. Accordingly, we collected and reviewed existing related research articles to provide an overview of STH infection in a susceptible population of stunted children under five years of age in terms of prevalence and risk factors. There were 17 studies included in this review related to infection with <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, <i>Trichuris trichiura</i>, hookworm, and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> from various countries. The prevalence of STH infection in stunted children ranged from 12.5% to 56.5%. Increased inflammatory markers and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis might have increased the intensity of STH infection in stunted children that caused impairment in the immune system. While the age from 2 to 5 years along with poor hygiene and sanitation has shown to be the most common risk factors of STH infections in stunted children; currently there are no studies that show direct results of stunting as a risk factor for STH infection. While stunting itself may affect the pathogenesis of STH infection, further research on stunting as a risk factor for STH infection is encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"8929025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40414993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preexisting Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Higher Mortality in Patients with Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bloodstream Infections: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample.","authors":"Timothy McCann,&nbsp;Michael Fatuyi,&nbsp;Neha Patel,&nbsp;Deepali B Sharath,&nbsp;Anar S Patel","doi":"10.1155/2022/8965888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8965888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of preexisting atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with MRSA-BSI during a three-year period and the impact of preexisting AF on MRSA-BSI outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis performed using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) over a three-year period (2016, 2017, 2018) for patients with MRSA-BSI as a principal diagnosis with and without preexisting AF. The primary outcome was mortality with secondary outcomes of acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, endocarditis, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, length of stay, hospital cost, and patient charge. A univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preexisting AF in patients with MRSA-BSI significantly increased the primary outcome of the study, mortality (1.67% vs. 0.66%, <i>p</i>=0.030) with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.98 (95% CI, 1.1-3.7). Secondary outcomes showed increased likelihood of cardiac arrest with MRSA-BSI and AF (0.48% vs. 0.2%, <i>p</i>=0.025) with an AOR 3.59 (CI 1.18-11.0), ACS (3.44% vs. 1.21%, <i>p</i>=0.008) with an AOR of 1.81 (CI 1.16-2.80), respiratory failure (8.92% vs. 4.02%, <i>p</i>=0.045) with an AOR 1.39 (CI 1.01-1.91), prolonged LOS (6.4 vs. 5.4 days, <i>p</i>=0.0001), increased hospital cost ($13,374 vs. $11,401, <i>p</i>=0.0001), and increased overall patient charge ($50,091 vs. $43,018, <i>p</i>=0.0001). Secondary outcomes that showed statistical significance included ACS (1,497 (3.44%) vs. 113 (1.21%), <i>p</i>=0.008) with an AOR of 1.81 (CI 1.16-2.80), cardiac arrest (209 (0.48%) vs. 19 (0.2%), <i>p</i>=0.025) with an AOR 3.59 (CI 1.18-11.0), and respiratory failure (3,881 (8.92%) vs. 374 (4.02%), <i>p</i>=0.045 with an AOR 1.39 (CI 1.01-1.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preexisting AF is a significant risk factor for mortality in patients admitted for MRSA-BSI and increases risk for cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and ACS. Considerations should focus on early treatment and source control, especially with AF given the mortality risk, increased hospitalization cost, and prolonged LOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"8965888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-<i>Toxoplasma</i> Effects of <i>Dracocephalum Polychaetum</i> Essential Oil.","authors":"Faham Khamesipour, Amirhossein Pourmohammad, Mohsen Jafarian-Dehkordi","doi":"10.1155/2022/6091834","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/6091834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a common parasitic disease with a cosmopolitan prevalence, causing severe health problems. Although chemotherapy for toxoplasmosis is readily available, most have side effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assesses the <i>Dracocephalum polychaetum</i> essential oil against <i>T. gondii</i> activity<i>. In vitro</i>, the anti-<i>Toxoplasma</i> effects of <i>D. polychaetum</i> essential oils with different concentrations were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, <i>T. gondii</i> RH strain tachyzoites were exposed to <i>D. polychaetum</i> essential oil, and their viability effect on the parasite was evaluated. The viability test of tachyzoites was performed by using the staining method trypan blue <i>in vitro</i>. The inhibitory effect of <i>D. polychaetum</i> extract on <i>T. gondii</i> RH strain tachyzoites in the Vero cell line was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>D. polychaetum</i> has valuable efficacy <i>in vitro</i>, outperforming pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine at 30 and 90 minutes after exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>D. polychaetum</i> essential oil showed anti-<i>Toxoplasma</i> activity in the cell line (IC50: 241.7 <i>μ</i>g/mL). After <i>T. gondii</i>-infected Vero cells had been incubated with different concentrations of the <i>D. polychaetum</i> essential oil, their viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, <i>D. polychaetum</i> extract as an herbal medicine might be a valuable alternative to routine chemotherapy for toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"6091834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9308528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40635009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian University Students toward Genital Warts.","authors":"Zeinab Aryanian, Maedeh Mohammadi, Arefeh Babazadeh, Parvaneh Hatami, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Azadeh Goodarzi, Ifa Etesami, Mohammad Barary, Soheil Ebrahimpour, Parisa Sabbagh","doi":"10.1155/2022/6730476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6730476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the well-known causes of cervical cancer and one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Since cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in women, this study was performed to investigate Iranian medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards genital warts. This cross-sectional study assessed the perception and attitudes of 385 students at Babol University of Medical Sciences using a preconceived questionnaire. The participants' mean age was 23.70 ± 3.27 years, with a range of 20-50 years. Evaluation of these students' level of general information about HPV showed that 7 (1.8%) students had inadequate general information, 34 (8.8%) had moderate knowledge, and 344 (89.4%) had good general knowledge in this regard. There was also a significant association between students' general knowledge of HPV and their field of study. Based on our results, the knowledge of the majority of Babol University of Medical Sciences students about genital warts was in a good range, and their knowledge about HPV routes of transmission was of moderate level. Moreover, the majority had an appropriate attitude to interact with people infected with HPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2022 ","pages":"6730476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}