Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Monkeypox: Origin, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, Prevention, and Therapeutic Options.","authors":"Sajal Kumar Halder, Arafin Sultana, Mahbubul Kabir Himel, Aparna Shil","doi":"10.1155/ipid/2522741","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ipid/2522741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox is a rapidly spreading transmissible disease induced by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a major public health problem worldwide. The origin of monkeypox might be tracked to the continent of Africa, where it first afflicted primate species prior to spreading to the world. Severe health issues for the public have been raised as a result of the disease's current breakouts in nonendemic areas and its subsequent dissemination to several nations throughout the globe. Monkeypox spreads by having contact with infected creatures or people, as well as respiratory droplets and contaminated things. Symptoms of monkeypox in young children and adults are different. While the symptoms are similar to smallpox, monkeypox has a reduced mortality rate. Proper diagnosis, suitable care, and focused preventative efforts all depend on becoming cognizant of those distinctions. Numerous promising therapeutic approaches have been recently investigated. Antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir, which were initially developed to treat smallpox, were found to have been effective in treating MPXV cases. Moreover, vaccinations continue to be an important preventative step. The purpose of this article is to offer the most recent and thorough information available on monkeypox, including its possible causes, modes of transfer, and potential treatments. By identifying the distinct forms of monkeypox and exploring potential treatment options, this work contributes to the ongoing battle against MPXVs and the management of this novel viral disease. To stop the propagation of monkeypox, greater research and communication are needed to provide stronger treatments and effective vaccinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2522741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Emerging Antimicrobials Resistance in Nosocomial Infections Caused by <i>E. coli</i>: The Comparison Results of Observed Cases and Compartmental Model.","authors":"Babak Eshrati, Elaheh Karimzadeh-Soureshjani, Mahshid Nasehi, Leila Janani, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Saeid Bitaraf, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, Sara Mobarak, Sasan Ghorbani Kalkhajeh, Mohammad Kogani","doi":"10.1155/ipid/3134775","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ipid/3134775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In recent years, the global rise of antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) has become a significant threat to public health. This study aimed to identify and track outbreaks of antibiotic resistance, specifically among the antibiotics used to treat nosocomial <i>E. coli</i> infections. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This hospital-based study utilized data from a nosocomial infection surveillance system to investigate reported cases of antibiotic resistance. The study analyzed the results of 12,954 antibiogram tests conducted across 57 hospitals in 31 provinces of Iran. The data was divided into two periods: the first and second halves of 2017. Before developing a predictive model for resistant <i>E. coli</i> cases, the model's validity was tested using the first half of the year's data. The predicted cases were then compared to the actual observed cases in 2017, with a statistically significant difference indicating an outbreak. <b>Findings:</b> The study found that, in 2017, hospitals in Iran experienced an outbreak of <i>E. coli</i> resistant to ampicillin and ceftazidime. This resistance was more prevalent than expected, highlighting the emergence of these drugs as major contributors to nosocomial <i>E. coli</i> infections. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrated the utility of the compartmental model in forecasting outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant <i>E. coli</i>. It provides a framework for investigating similar outbreaks in the future, using diverse data sources and methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3134775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Obesity in the Poor Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection: A Review of 192 Patients","authors":"Ziad Feghaly, Rany Aoun, C. Mouawad, Bilal Chamaa, Houssam Dahboul, Serge Kassar, Michael Osseis, R. Noun, G. Chakhtoura","doi":"10.1155/2024/7212355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7212355","url":null,"abstract":"Context. COVID-19 pandemic affects the whole world and continues to impact the health system daily. It also led to a high rate of hospitalizations, some of which required admission to the intensive care units. At the same time, obesity has been a major health problem for many years and continues to worsen. These two pandemics appear to be converging since obesity increasingly appears to be a poor prognostic factor for COVID-19 infection. Methods. We performed a retrospective study on all patients having COVID-19 infection and admitted to our institution between March 2020 and June 2021. Inclusion criteria included any patient over the age of 18 admitted to our institution’s COVID-19 unit, or intensive care unit, with a positive COVID-19 PCR or positive COVID-19 serology (IgM). Results. 192 patients met the inclusion criteria, with an average age of 62.68 years and a slight male predominance (64.58%). 76.04% of hospitalized patients and 80% of those admitted to the ICU were either overweight or obese. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the risk of in-hospital mortality and invasive ventilation. The same applies to the length of stay, admission to intensive care, O2 needs, and for the various complications (all p values were >0.05). Patients with obesity type II and III have an increased risk of cardiac arrests and need for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Conclusion. Obesity tends to be a major risk factor for a pejorative evolution in the COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ebselen: A Promising Repurposing Drug to Treat Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms","authors":"Agostinho Alves de Lima e Silva, André Rio-Tinto","doi":"10.1155/2024/9109041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9109041","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial multiresistance to drugs is a rapidly growing global phenomenon. New resistance mechanisms have been described in different bacterial pathogens, threatening the effective treatment of even common infectious diseases. The problem worsens in infections associated with biofilms because, in addition to the pathogen’s multiresistance, the biofilm provides a barrier that prevents antimicrobial access. Several “non-antibiotic” drugs have antimicrobial activity, even though it is not their primary therapeutic purpose. However, due to the urgent need to develop effective antimicrobials to treat diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, there has been an increase in research into “non-antibiotic” drugs to offer an alternative therapy through the so-called drug repositioning or repurposing. The prospect of new uses for existing drugs has the advantage of reducing the time and effort required to develop new compounds. Moreover, many drugs are already well characterized regarding toxicity and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. Ebselen has shown promise for use as a repurposing drug for antimicrobial purposes. It is a synthetic organoselenium with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective activity. A very attractive factor for using ebselen is that, in addition to potent antimicrobial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration is very low for microbial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningitis and Bacteremia by Unusual Serotype of Salmonella enterica Strain: A Whole Genome Analysis","authors":"Thamer Brek, Gassem Gohal, Muhammad Yasir, Essam I. Azhar, I. Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.1155/2024/3554734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3554734","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Although meningitis caused by Salmonella species is relatively rare and accounts for <1% of the confirmed cases in neonates, it is associated with case complications and fatality rates up to 50–70% when compared to other forms of Gram-negative bacilli meningitis. Objectives. We conducted an investigation into the first reported case of neonatal meningitis caused by nontyphoidal S. enterica in Jazan, a region in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia. Methods. CSF and blood culture were collected from a female neonate patient to confirm the presence of bacterial meningitis. WGS was conducted to find out the comprehensive genomic characterization of S. enterica isolate. Results. A 3-week-old infant was admitted to a local hospital with fever, poor feeding, and hypoactivity. She was diagnosed with Salmonella meningitis and bacteremia caused by S. enterica, which was sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. WGS revealed the specific strain to be S. enterica serotype Johannesburg JZ01, belonging to ST515 and cgMLST 304742. Conclusions. We presented a genomic report of rare case of NTS meningitis in an infant who is living in a rural town in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Further research is required to understand the impact of host genetic factors on invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection.","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis","authors":"Ovi Sofia, Muna Amalia, Herryanto Thomassawa, L. E. Fitri, S. Prayitnaningsih, Hani Susianti","doi":"10.1155/2024/3495376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3495376","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The imbalance of the immune response is an important factor contributing to the incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in maintaining the balance between Th1 and Th17 immune responses, while interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels are related to the differentiation of Th17 cells. This study analyzes the differences in the number of Treg cells and the level of IL-27 between OT patients and seropositive individuals without ocular lesions and its correlation with retinal lesion size. Methods. This analytic observational study, conducted for 8 months, involved 11 OT patients and 10 seropositive individuals without ocular lesions. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Retinal lesions were documented by fundus photographs and the size was measured using Digimizer 4.2.2.0 software. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed to measure the number of Treg cells using flow cytometry and interleukin-27 levels were assessed using the Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Result. The number of Treg cells in the OT group (47.16 ± 15.66%) was lower than in the seropositive group without the ocular lesions (62.86 ± 17.08%) (p=0.029). The serum IL-27 levels in the OT group were not significantly different from the seropositive group without the ocular lesions (p=0.360). The number of Treg cells was significantly related to retinal lesion size (p=0.043), with a correlation coefficient of −0.648, indicating a strong and inverse correlation. There was no significant correlation between serum IL-27 levels and retinal lesion size (p=0.556). Conclusion. Ocular toxoplasmosis patients have a low number of Treg cells that are inversely related to the retinal lesion size. The size of the retinal lesion increases as the number of Treg cells decreases.","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Willingness to Utilize Hepatitis B Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women in Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria.","authors":"Idowu Pius Ade-Ojo, Adefunke Olarinre Babatola, Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo, Ezra Olatunde Ogundare, Tosin Agbesanwa, Adewuyi Temidayo Adeniyi, Omolola Alao, Oladele Simeon Olatunya, Joseph Olusesan Fadare","doi":"10.1155/2023/9168038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9168038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mother-to-child transmission remains an important mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection particularly in endemic areas. The knowledge and practices of pregnant women about mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may influence the uptake of strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of infection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assessed the knowledge and willingness to uptake hepatitis B virus infection preventive services among pregnant women in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study that involved 373 pregnant women at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH) and Maternal Child Specialist Clinics, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, practices, and perceptions about MTCT of hepatitis B infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 52.5% (196) of the respondents had good knowledge, although the majority 290 (77.7%) had heard of hepatitis B infection prior to the survey. Only 147 (39.4%) of the respondents had ever had hepatitis B screening. More persons with professional jobs had good knowledge about hepatitis B infection compared with other occupations (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, more respondents aged 30-34 years had poor knowledge about hepatitis B infection compared with other age groups (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Respondents with good knowledge about hepatitis B infection were willing to uptake hepatitis B infection prevention services (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that respondents with professional jobs had good knowledge about hepatitis B infection and those who had good knowledge about the infection were willing to utilize hepatitis B preventive measures. Awareness of MTCT of HBV did not translate into good practice as only few respondents had screened for hepatitis B. There is a need to intensify education about modes of transmission of hepatitis B infection with an emphasis on promoting good preventive practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9168038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality in ICU COVID-19 Patients Is Associated with Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR): Utility of NLR as a Promising Immunohematological Marker","authors":"Shahram Seyfi, Abbas Azadmehr, Khadijeh Ezoji, Majid Nabipour, Arefeh Babazadeh, Kiarash Saleki, Mehdi Mahmoodi, Amir Hossein Pouladi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9048749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9048749","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Achieving a suitable medical laboratory index is very important for the prediction of clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients hospitalized to the intensive care unit (ICU). The correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and unfavorable outcome of COVID-19 patients hospitalized to ICU was the aim of this study. Methods. We evaluated a cross-sectional study of 312 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized to the ICU (confirmed by PCR and CT-Scan), in Babol city, Mazandaran province. WBC, RBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, platelet count, NLR, C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR, MCV, MHC, and other factors were evaluated. Results. Our findings indicated that all patients aged 56 to 69 years with COVID-19 had a significant difference ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ) in neu, lymph, PLT count, NLR, ESR, Hb, and CRP. Also, NLR was significantly ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ) correlated with the death or discharge of the ICU hospitalized patients. The cut-off of NLR was 7.02 and the mean of NLR was 11.3 ± 10.93 and 5.8 ± 7.45 in death and discharge COVID-19 patients hospitalized to ICU, respectively. ROC curve indicated that, for NLR, the area under curve was 0.76. Conclusions. Our findings showed that NLR can be utilized as a clinical laboratory predictive parameter for mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU.","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Referral Shahid Sayad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, North of Iran.","authors":"Saba Kordrostami, Maryam Zahedi, Abdolhalim Rajabi, Shahab Eskandari-Nejad","doi":"10.1155/2023/1374819","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1374819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases, the main manifestation of which is hyperglycemia, and is accompanied by many complications. Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies have reported the occurrence of various complications associated with different degrees of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 418 patients with COVID-19 were evaluated in terms of hyperglycemia and its related factors, as well as the relationship between hyperglycemia and the outcome of the disease. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, 350 (83.7%) out of 418 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had hyperglycemia and 193 (55.1%) of the patients with hyperglycemia were women. 169 (48.4%) of patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization were already diabetic. The mean age was higher in COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate were also higher in them (<i>P</i> = 0.005 and <i>P</i> = 0.013, respectively). In patients with hyperglycemia, oxygen saturation (SpO₂) at the time of admission and discharge was lower than other patients (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The frequency of hypertension in the patients with hyperglycemia was significantly higher than in nonhyperglycemic patients (<i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. 0.014). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of hyperglycemic patients was significantly lower than other patients (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Also, there was a significant inverse relationship between eGFR values and fasting (FBS) and random blood sugar (BS) (<i>r</i> = 0.328 and <i>r</i> = 0.310, <i>P</i> < 0.001). On the other hand, there was a direct relationship between FBS and random BS in patients with hyperglycemia with the dose of corticosteroids (<i>r</i> = 0.146 and <i>r</i> = 0.158, <i>P</i> < 0.01). In total, 8.2% of the patients died, although the FBS and random BS and a history of DM were not risk factors for the death of patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of our study showed that hyperglycemia is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Hyperglycemia in previously nondiabetics appears to be associated with decreased eGFR in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1374819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) among Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients in Comparison to Non-IBD Patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah.","authors":"Ghassan Abdulrahman Sukkar,&nbsp;Syed Sameer Aga,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Hamid Alsamadani,&nbsp;Faisal Ghazi Almalki,&nbsp;Ali Saleh Alsudais,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Sulaiman Alquzi,&nbsp;Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed,&nbsp;Mushtaq Ahmad Mir,&nbsp;Moudi M Alasmari","doi":"10.1155/2023/9958104","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9958104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) as a common complication among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported to increase worldwide and has been associated with a poor IBD outcome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, our aim was to report on the prevalence of CDI among IBD vs. non-IBD patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective descriptive study was carried out between 2016 and 2020. Data of 89 patients reported with CDI in KAMC were analyzed for demographics and correlations between various characteristics such as BMI, personal/family history of IBD, infection with CDI, diagnosis, method of diagnosis, and treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 89 CDI patients, 59 (66.3%) were adults and 30 (33.7%) were pediatric, of which 36 (40.4%) were females and 53 (59.6%) were males. PCR was the main method of choice for the diagnosis of CDI (89.9%) followed by a positive-culture result (10.0%). Seventy-eight (87.6%) CDI patients were found to be immunocompromised, with two patients diagnosed with IBDs, one with UC, and one with CD. The recurrence rate was 38.4 (30 patients) among the immunocompromised group in comparison to 27.2 (3 patients) in the immunocompetent group (<i>p</i>=0.584).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found that adults were more prone to CDI infection, especially within hospital settings, and most of the CDI infections occurred in immunocompromised individuals, with cancer as the most common cause of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9958104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10589069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}