Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) among Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients in Comparison to Non-IBD Patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah.","authors":"Ghassan Abdulrahman Sukkar,&nbsp;Syed Sameer Aga,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Hamid Alsamadani,&nbsp;Faisal Ghazi Almalki,&nbsp;Ali Saleh Alsudais,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Sulaiman Alquzi,&nbsp;Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed,&nbsp;Mushtaq Ahmad Mir,&nbsp;Moudi M Alasmari","doi":"10.1155/2023/9958104","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9958104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) as a common complication among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported to increase worldwide and has been associated with a poor IBD outcome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, our aim was to report on the prevalence of CDI among IBD vs. non-IBD patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective descriptive study was carried out between 2016 and 2020. Data of 89 patients reported with CDI in KAMC were analyzed for demographics and correlations between various characteristics such as BMI, personal/family history of IBD, infection with CDI, diagnosis, method of diagnosis, and treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 89 CDI patients, 59 (66.3%) were adults and 30 (33.7%) were pediatric, of which 36 (40.4%) were females and 53 (59.6%) were males. PCR was the main method of choice for the diagnosis of CDI (89.9%) followed by a positive-culture result (10.0%). Seventy-eight (87.6%) CDI patients were found to be immunocompromised, with two patients diagnosed with IBDs, one with UC, and one with CD. The recurrence rate was 38.4 (30 patients) among the immunocompromised group in comparison to 27.2 (3 patients) in the immunocompetent group (<i>p</i>=0.584).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found that adults were more prone to CDI infection, especially within hospital settings, and most of the CDI infections occurred in immunocompromised individuals, with cancer as the most common cause of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9958104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10589069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of <i>IFNAR2</i> rs2236757 and <i>OAS3</i> rs10735079 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and Severity in Palestine.","authors":"Mohammad Abdelhafez, Abedelmajeed Nasereddin, Omar Abu Shamma, Rajaa Abed, Raghida Sinnokrot, Omar Marof, Tariq Heif, Zaid Erekat, Amer Al-Jawabreh, Suheir Ereqat","doi":"10.1155/2023/9551163","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9551163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical course and severity of COVID-19 vary among patients. This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between the gene polymorphisms of the interferon receptor (<i>IFNAR2</i>) rs2236757 and oligoadenylate synthetase 3 (<i>OAS3</i>) rs10735079 with the risk of COVID-19 infection and its severity among Palestinian patients. The study was conducted between April and May 2021 on 154 participants who were divided into three groups: the control group (RT-PCR-negative, <i>n</i> = 52), the community cases group (RT-PCR-positive, <i>n</i> = 70), and the critically ill cases (ICU group; <i>n</i> = 32). The genotyping of the investigated polymorphisms was performed using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. The genotypes distribution for the <i>IFNAR2</i> rs2236757 was significantly different among the study groups (<i>P</i> = 0.001), while no statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of genotypes for the <i>OAS3</i> rs10735079 (<i>P</i> = 0.091). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding factors revealed a significant association between the risk allele rs2236757A and critical COVID-19 illness (<i>P</i>  <  0.025). Among all patients, those who carried the rs2236757GA were more likely to have a sore throat (OR, 2.52 (95% CI 1.02-6.24); <i>P</i> = 0.011); the presence of the risk allele rs2236757A was associated with an increased risk to dyspnea (OR, 4.70 (95% CI 1.80-12.27); <i>P</i>  <  0.001), while the rs10735079A carriers were less likely to develop muscle aches (OR, 0.34 (95% CI 0.13-0.88); <i>P</i> = 0.0248) and sore throat (OR, 0.17 (95% CI 0.05-0.55); <i>P</i>  <  0.001). In conclusion, our results revealed that the rs2236757A variant was associated with critical COVID-19 illness and dyspnea, whereas the rs10735079A variant was protective for muscle aches and sore throat.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9551163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of Humoral Immune Response in Typhoid Patients against Differentially Extracted Whole Cell Bacterial Protein Derived from <i>S. typhi</i> and <i>S.</i> spp.","authors":"Khairunnisa Abdul Lateef Khan, Zainoodin Sheik Abdul Kader","doi":"10.1155/2023/4125588","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4125588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Typhoid fever is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by <i>Salmonella typhi</i>. It is transmitted through fecal oral route and can be fatal without proper treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of typhoid fever is crucial. In the previous study, we have developed TYPHOIDYNE EIA, which showed excellent synergy between the genus conserved and species-specific antigens in the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. TYPHOIDYNE EIA can effectively detect and differentiate typhoid patients, typhoid vaccinated subjects, healthy subjects, and subjects with other febrile illnesses. Following the successful development of TYPHOIDYNE EIA, in this report, we further characterize the antigenic components of differentially extracted <i>S. typhi</i> and <i>S.</i> spp recognized by IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody isotypes in typhoid patients and possible typhoid carrier by the western blot (WB) assay. The WB characterization revealed a dynamic pattern of recognition, with significant variations in the number of antigenic bands observed between the differentially extracted arrays of antigens. The reactivity of patient's sera was divided into 3 regions, with region 1 (≥55 kDa) showing the strongest reactivity followed by region 2 (54 kDa-34 kDa) and region 3 (<34 kDa). Overall, the good synergy expressed in these bands suggests the potential role of these proteins in differentiating typhoid patients with possible typhoid carrier. The antigenic bands highlighted in this study are also identified as prospective biomarkers for diagnostic use and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"4125588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Review on Medicinal Plants-At-Arms against COVID-19.","authors":"Shivani Srivastava,&nbsp;Fangzhou He,&nbsp;Yuanding Huang,&nbsp;Meng Niu,&nbsp;Alok Adholeya,&nbsp;Weng Kung Peng","doi":"10.1155/2023/7598307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7598307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 has impacted human livelihood globally. Strenuous efforts have been employed for its control and prevention; however, with recent reports on mutated strains with much higher infectivity, transmissibility, and ability to evade immunity developed from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, prevention alternatives must be prepared beforehand in case. We have perused over 128 recent works (found on Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect as of February 2023) on medicinal plants and their compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and eventually reviewed 102 of them. The clinical application and the curative effect were reported high in China and in India. Accordingly, this review highlights the unprecedented opportunities offered by medicinal plants and their compounds, candidates as the therapeutic agent, against COVID-19 by acting as viral protein inhibitors and immunomodulator in (32 clinical trials and hundreds of <i>in silico</i> experiments) conjecture with modern science. Moreover, the associated foreseeable challenges for their viral outbreak management were discussed in comparison to synthetic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7598307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9410857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Etiology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiogram Profile in Children Attending Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Teklehaimanot Kiros,&nbsp;Melaku Zeleke,&nbsp;Tahir Eyayu,&nbsp;Lemma Workineh,&nbsp;Shewaneh Damtie,&nbsp;Tesfaye Andualem,&nbsp;Tegenaw Tiruneh,&nbsp;Ayenew Assefa,&nbsp;Sisay Getu,&nbsp;Tazeb Molla,&nbsp;Tsehaynesh Gebreyesus","doi":"10.1155/2023/1035113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1035113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial urinary tract infections are important public health problems in children. This study was conducted to identify the bacterial agents of urinary tract infections and antibiogram patterns in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study including 220 children was carried out between November 15, 2021, and March 10, 2022. Simple random sampling was used to enroll participants. The sociodemographic and clinically pertinent information was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire. Every participant in the study who was ≤15 years old gave clean-catch midstream urine. Urine samples were inoculated onto a cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar using a calibrated inoculating loop with a 0.001 ml capacity and then incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 37°C. Subculturing for significant bacteriuria was done on MacConkey and blood agar. Gram staining, biochemical assays, and colony characteristics were used for bacterial identification. The disc diffusion method developed by Kirby and Bauer was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. SPSS software version 25 was used for data entry and analysis. To find the risk factors, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. An association was deemed statistically significant if the <i>p</i> value at the 95 percent confidence interval was less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the majority (50.5%) of the study participants were males. The mean age of the study participants was 6 ± 0.91 years. It was found that 31.8% of children had urinary tract infections. The most prevalent urinary pathogens among the isolates were <i>E. coli</i> (27.1%) and <i>S. aureus</i> (18.6%). Approximately 56% of the participants were infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens. Additionally, compared to children who have never had a urinary tract infection, children with a history of infection had 1.04 (95 percent confidence interval (CI): 0.39, 2.75) times higher risk of infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has shown an alarming increase in the prevalence of pediatric urinary tract infections which warrants further investigation into multidrug-resistant bacterial infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1035113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10409584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9973293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer-Based Strategies to Address Challenges in COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatments.","authors":"Zi Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Falah Abbas Mohamad Salih Alhamami,&nbsp;Kai Ling Chin","doi":"10.1155/2023/9224815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9224815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious and rapidly spreading disease with significant fatality in the elderly population, has swept across the world since 2019. Since its first appearance, the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has undergone multiple mutations, with Omicron as the predominant circulating variant of concern at the moment. The gold standard for diagnosis of COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the virus is laborious and requires well-trained personnel to perform sophisticated procedures. Also, the genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 that arise regularly could result in false-negative detection. Meanwhile, the current COVID-19 treatments such as conventional medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, passive antibody therapy, and respiratory therapy are associated with adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Over the past 30 years, nucleic acid-based aptamers have gained increasing attention and serve as a promising alternative to the antibodies in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields with their uniqueness of being small, nonimmunogenicity, and thermally stable. Aptamer targeting the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins or the host receptor proteins represent a powerful tool to control COVID-19 infection. In this review, challenges faced by currently available diagnostic and therapeutic tools for COVID-19 are underscored, along with how aptamers can shed a light on the current COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the critical factors affecting the discovery of high-affinity aptamers and their potential applications to control COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9224815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Minimize Adverse Effects.","authors":"Arman Vahabi,&nbsp;Merve Mert,&nbsp;Hüseyin Aytaç Erdem,&nbsp;Ilgın Yıldırım Şimşir,&nbsp;Meltem Işıkgöz Taşbakan,&nbsp;Anıl Murat Öztürk","doi":"10.1155/2023/9154038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9154038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the side effects associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and provide recommendations to prevent them in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers remains a contentious issue, and minimizing side effects is critical. While the incidence of side effects related to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy is low, it is essential to evaluate cases in a multifaceted and interdisciplinary manner to prevent adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted over the period of 2018-2020, involving a dataset of 100 patients. The primary objective of the study was to examine the frequency and types of side effects experienced by patients who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In addition, we analyzed various wound characteristics, characteristics of hospitalizations, the surgical or medical interventions received by patients, and laboratory parameters including CRP levels, total blood count, culture results, HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes, treatment received for diabetes, and antibiotic therapy regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of patients who experienced side effects was as low as 6%, and none of them were critical. The most common side effect was discomfort due to the confined space in the chamber.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate patient selection, combined with a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate eligibility, is crucial to avoid adverse side effects. Patient education and early screening for side effects are also essential. Since various treatment protocols exist for HBO₂ therapy, pooled data from different protocols may be misleading. Further studies focused on side effects with specific indications are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9154038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10393520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9987608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population in Kavar District, Fars Province, South of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey.","authors":"Fatemehsadat Pezeshkian,&nbsp;Ali Pouryousef,&nbsp;Mostafa Omidian,&nbsp;Fattaneh Mikaeili,&nbsp;Ali Reza Safarpour,&nbsp;Sara Shojaei-Zarghani,&nbsp;Bahador Sarkari","doi":"10.1155/2023/2721202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2721202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxocariasis as a common neglected disease is the culprit of infecting all age groups. The current cross-sectional study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and risk factors associated with seropositivity of <i>Toxocara</i> infection among the general population of adults in the Kavar district, south of Iran. A total of 1060 participants with an age range of 35 to 70 years from the Kavar region entered the study. Manual ELISA was utilized to detect anti-<i>Toxocara</i>-specific antibodies in their serum samples. In addition, demographic information as well as risk factors related to toxocariasis was collected from individuals who participated in the survey. The mean age of the participants was 48.9 (±7.9) years old. Out of 1060 subjects, 532 (50.2%) were men, and 528 (49.8%) were women. The overall <i>Toxocara</i> seroprevalence was 5.8% (61/1060). The prevalence of <i>Toxocara</i> seropositive cases was significantly different between males and females (<i>p</i> = 0.023). The seropositive rate for <i>Toxocara</i> infection was also significantly higher in housewives (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and subjects with learning disabilities (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that housewives (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.18-3.51, <i>p</i> = 0.010) and subjects with learning disability (OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.29-8.52, <i>p</i> = 0.013) were at increased risk of <i>Toxocara</i> infection. The findings of the current study depicted a noticeable seroprevalence of <i>Toxocara</i> infection in the general population in the Kavar district, southern Iran. An increased risk of toxocariasis has been associated with learning disabilities and being a housewife. All of the toxocariasis-positive cases had contact with animals, at some point in their life. In perspective, it is necessary to raise awareness of this infection among the population while surveilling <i>Toxocara</i> infection in high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2721202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9868975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Resistant Features of <i>Shigella</i> Species in East Africa from 2015-2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Basha Ayele,&nbsp;Getenet Beyene,&nbsp;Mekdelawit Alemayehu,&nbsp;Aman Dekebo,&nbsp;Zeleke Mekonnen,&nbsp;Gashaw Nigussie","doi":"10.1155/2023/8277976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8277976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shigellosis is the most common cause of epidemic dysentery found worldwide, particularly in developing countries, where it causes infant diarrhea and mortality. The prevalence of <i>Shigella</i> species resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs has steadily increased. The purpose of this review is to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of <i>Shigella</i> species in East Africa between 2015 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were identified using a computerized search of Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases, with a detailed search strategy and cross-checking of reference lists for studies published between 2015 and 2022. Articles presenting data on prevalence and AMR, accessibility of the full-length article, and publication dates between 2015 and 2022 were the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Original research reports written in English were considered. The heterogeneities of the studies were examined, and a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and AMR using a random effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of <i>Shigella</i> species in East Africa was 6.2% (95% CI -0.20-12.60), according to an analysis of 22 studies. <i>Shigella</i> species prevalence was 4.0% in Ethiopia, 14.6% in Kenya, 0.7% in Sudan, 5.2% in South Sudan, and 20.6% in Somalia. The association of <i>Shigella</i> infection significantly varied among the countries (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Among the antibiotics tested, most <i>Shigella</i> isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ceftriaxone. Despite the fact that the reports varied in study sites and time, <i>Shigella</i> species were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pooled estimate indicates high burden of <i>Shigella</i> infection in East Africa, as well as a high proportion of drug resistance pattern to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin. Therefore, initiating and scale-up of performing drug susceptibility test for each shigellosis case need to be considered and strengthened.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8277976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10224040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Docking Study for Binding Affinity of 2<i>H</i>-thiopyrano[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivatives against CB1a.","authors":"Shivangi Sharma,&nbsp;Shivendra Singh","doi":"10.1155/2023/1618082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1618082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinoline-based molecules are major constituents in natural products, active pharmacophores, and have excellent biological activities. Using 2<i>H</i>-thiopyrano[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoline derivatives and CB1a protein (PDB ID: 2IGR), the molecular docking study has been revealed in this article. The study of <i>in silico</i> molecular docking analysis of such derivatives to determine the binding affinity, residual interaction, and hydrogen bonding of several 2<i>H</i>-thiopyrano[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinolines against CB1a is reported here. The current work demonstrated that 2<i>H</i>-thiopyrano[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoline derivatives could be effective antitumor agents to produce potent anticancer medicines in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1618082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9842416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9100813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}