Open Respiratory Medicine Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Bioinformatic Algorithm based on Pulmonary Endoarterial Biopsy for Targeted Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy","authors":"Abraham Rothman, David Mann, Jose A. Nunez, Reinhardt Tarmidi, Humberto Restrepo, Valeri Sarukhanov, Roy Williams, William N. Evans","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-230927-2023-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-230927-2023-9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Optimal pharmacological therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear, as pathophysiological heterogeneity may affect therapeutic outcomes. A ranking methodology based on pulmonary vascular genetic expression analysis could assist in medication selection and potentially lead to improved prognosis. Objective: To describe a bioinformatics approach for ranking currently approved pulmonary arterial antihypertensive agents based on gene expression data derived from percutaneous endoarterial biopsies in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Methods: We created a chronic PAH model in Micro Yucatan female swine by surgical anastomosis of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A baseline catheterization, angiography and pulmonary endoarterial biopsy were performed. We obtained pulmonary vascular biopsy samples by passing a biopsy catheter through a long 8 French sheath, introduced via the carotid artery, into 2- to 3-mm peripheral pulmonary arteries. Serial procedures were performed on days 7, 21, 60, and 180 after surgical anastomosis. RNA microarray studies were performed on the biopsy samples. Results: Utilizing the medical literature, we developed a list of PAH therapeutic agents, along with a tabulation of genes affected by these agents. The effect on gene expression from pharmacogenomic interactions was used to rank PAH medications at each time point. The ranking process allowed the identification of a theoretical optimum three-medication regimen. Conclusion: We describe a new potential paradigm in the therapy for PAH, which would include endoarterial biopsy, molecular analysis and tailored pharmacological therapy for patients with PAH.","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of High-resolution Computed Tomography for Macrolide Therapy of Idiopathic Bronchiectasis.","authors":"Zenya Saito,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshida,&nbsp;Shota Uchiyama,&nbsp;Saiko Nishioka,&nbsp;Kentaro Tamura,&nbsp;Nobumasa Tamura","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-230822-2022-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-230822-2022-27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlates with clinical symptoms, respiratory function, and quality of life in bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between macrolide and acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic bronchiectasis classified by the Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with idiopathic bronchiectasis between April 2014 and December 2020 at a single hospital. Overall, 115 patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis were selected and divided into three groups, according to the BRICS. Each group was divided into subgroups with and without macrolide therapy, and the number of patients with AE in each group was retrospectively compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 45, 48, and 22 patients were included in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. In the mild group, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly fewer patients with single AE than those without macrolide ( <i>P</i> = 0.029). There was no significant difference in the moderate and severe groups ( <i>P</i> = 1.00 and 0.64, respectively). In the multiple AE, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly fewer patients than those without macrolide therapy in the mild, moderate, and severe groups ( <i>P</i> = 0.024, 0.029, and 0.026, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HRCT severity assessment might be useful in predicting treatment efficacy in patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis without previous AEs. Further large-scale clinical trials are required on the usefulness of HRCT in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e187430642307250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Connective Tissue Disease-related Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.","authors":"Bonnie Wang,&nbsp;Vivek Nagaraja","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230714-2022-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-e230714-2022-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibrotic interstitial lung disease is an important driver of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Due to the lack of prospective randomized trial data in this population, practice pattern variation exists in the management of patients with CTD.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case series describes three patients, each with a different background of autoimmunity complicated by fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). We review their initial presentations, follow their disease trajectories on currently available treatments, and reference forthcoming clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical impact or potential implications. Response to immunosuppression and antifibrotic therapy is variable in patients with connective tissue disease-related fibrosing interstitial lung disease. Data from prospective clinical trials and longitudinal registry studies will conceivably provide additional insight into improving care for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e187430642306150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Flexible Bronchoscopy using Biopsy Forceps as the Initial Attempt for Headscarf Pin Aspiration Extraction.","authors":"Mia Elhidsi,&nbsp;Dicky Soehardiman,&nbsp;Wahju Aniwidyaningsih,&nbsp;Mochamad Fahmi Alatas,&nbsp;Ginanjar Arum Desianti,&nbsp;Prasenohadi Pradono","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230718-2023-5","DOIUrl":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230718-2023-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Flexible bronchoscopy is a less invasive procedure for extracting foreign bodies from the airways. However, studies on the extraction of headscarf pins are still very limited to determine the efficacy and safety of headscarf pin extraction using flexible bronchoscopy with biopsy forceps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, on patients who had been treated in this hospital for headscarf pin extraction between January 2013 and February 2023. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia. The pin was removed using Radial Jaw 4 mm single-use pulmonary biopsy forceps. The impacted sharp tip of the pin was freed first, and the proximal part of the pin body was gripped using biopsy forceps. Once a firm hold of the sharp end or the proximal part of the pin was secured, the bronchoscope and forceps were both slowly withdrawn under direct vision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two cases with headscarf pin aspiration were managed by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. A total of 12 patients (37.5%) came without any respiratory complaints; however, an equal number complained of cough and 6 cases (18.7%) of haemoptysis. All the cases in which the pins were visible in the airway were found with the round head down and the sharp tip oriented superiorly in the airway and impacted in the mucosa. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy extraction succeeded in 31 cases (96.8%). Only one case was converted to surgery. There were no major complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fibreoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy forceps under general anaesthesia is safe and effective for the removal of headscarf pin aspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e187430642306220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10487336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49262365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specificity in Surgical Stages of Lung Cancer in Young Adults.","authors":"Mahdi Abdennadher, Mariem Hadj Dahmane, Sarra Zair, Hazem Zribi, Amina Abdelkbir, Imen Bouassida, Mouna Mlika, Imen Sahnoun, Amani Ben Mansour, Adel Marghli","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-230818-2022-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-230818-2022-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young Patients with lung cancer represent a distinct subset of patients with this neoplasm. Young International studies show increased lung cancer rates in females, while the incidence in males continues to decline. There is evidence to suggest that this trend recurs in younger patients. We studied the effects of gender differences on the incidence of surgical stages of lung cancer in young adults and its mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a retrospective review (2010-2020) of young adults (aged under 45 years) with surgical-stage of lung cancer. We calculated female-to-male differences in incidence rate ratios, tumor characteristics, surgical management, and survival. Cumulative survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We examined 46 men and 24 women, under 45 years. Female patients were diagnosed at earlier stages. The proportion of stage IA disease was significantly higher in women than in men (46% <i>versus</i> 13%, respectively) (p=0.03). Women were more likely never smokers (42% <i>versus</i> 83%, p=0.02). A histologic subtype, females were more likely to have typical carcinoid tumors (13.54% <i>versus</i> 10.21% for males) (p>0.05). The largest histological type in men was adenocarcinoma (25.53% <i>versus</i> 4.16%, p>0.05). All the patients were operated. Three men had neoadjuvant chemotherapy and one was operated on for cerebral oligometastatic before his chest surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 7 women and 21 men. Despite the small number of postoperative complications in our study (n= 8, 11.2%), the male sex was significant in predicting this complication (p<0.05). The mortality rate was 1.4%. The 5-year overall survival rates were 84% in men and 87% in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identified sex differences in the incidence and mortality rates for surgical lung cancers in young adults, but the biological and endocrine mechanisms implicated in these disparities have not yet been determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e187430642307140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Average Volume-assured Pressure Support as Rescue Therapy after CPAP Failure in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Case Series Study.","authors":"Victor T Peng,&nbsp;Nauras Hwig,&nbsp;Anayansi Lasso-Pirot,&nbsp;Amal Isaiah,&nbsp;Montserrat Diaz-Abad","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230418-2022-18","DOIUrl":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230418-2022-18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is frequently prescribed for patients with residual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following adenotonsillectomy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The goal was to examine the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation with average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS) as a potential option for children with failed CPAP titration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-center retrospective study, we included children aged 1-17 years, with polysomnographically confirmed OSA who underwent AVAPS titration following failed CPAP titration. In addition to describing the clinical characteristics of the included patients, we compared polysomnographic parameters before and after AVAPS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine patients met the inclusion criteria; out of them, 8 (89%) were males with an age range of 6.7 ± 3.9 years and a body mass index percentile of 81.0 ± 28.9. Reasons for failed CPAP titration were: 3 (33%) patients due to inability to control apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 3 (33%) patients due to sleep-related hypoventilation, 2 (22%) patients due to treatment-emergent central sleep apnea, and 1 (11%) patient due to intolerance to CPAP. AVAPS resulted in a greater reduction in AHI than CPAP (reduction following CPAP = 24.6 ± 29.3, reduction following AVAPS = 42.5 ± 37.6, p = 0.008). All patients had resolution of the problems which caused CPAP failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this case a series of children with OSA and with failed CPAP titration, AVAPS resulted in a greater reduction in AHI compared with CPAP as well as resolution of the problems which caused CPAP failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e187430642303080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10351336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46296120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR Selectively Enhances the Pulmonary Vasodilatory Effect of Fasudil in a Microsphere Model of Pulmonary Hypertension.","authors":"Abraham Rothman,&nbsp;Humberto Restrepo,&nbsp;William N Evans,&nbsp;Valeri Sarukhanov,&nbsp;David Mann","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230404-2022-19","DOIUrl":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230404-2022-19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the approval of several medications for pulmonary hypertension, morbidity and mortality are unacceptably high. Systemic hypotension may limit the use of pulmonary hypertension medications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess whether the homing peptide CAR (CARSKNKDC) improves the vasodilatory selectivity of fasudil in the pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation in a porcine pulmonary hypertension model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pulmonary hypertension (to approximately 2/3-3/4 systemic pressure levels) was induced by chronic and acute administration of microspheres in 3 micro Yucatan pigs (mean weight 19.9 kg, mean age 4.3 months). Fasudil (0.3 mg/kg) was administered without and with CAR (1.5 mg/kg), and the effect on aortic (Ao) and right ventricular (RV) pressure was recorded with indwelling catheters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately after fasudil administration, there was a decrease in Ao pressure followed by prompt recovery to baseline. The RV pressure decrease was progressive and sustained. Fasudil alone resulted in a 12% decrease in RV pressure, whereas co-administration of CAR with fasudil resulted in a 22% decrease in RV pressure (p < 0.0001). Fasudil alone caused an average decrease of 34% in the RV/Ao pressure ratio, and fasudil + CAR caused an average decrease of 40% in the RV/Ao pressure ratio (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The homing peptide CAR selectively enhanced the acute vasodilatory effects of fasudil on the pulmonary vascular bed in a porcine experimental model of pulmonary hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"e187430642303160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10351346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Related to the Death of Admitted COVID-19 Patients: A Buffalo Study.","authors":"Doan Le Minh Hanh,&nbsp;Phan Thai Hao,&nbsp;Do Thi Tuong Oanh,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Tho","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230322-2022-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-e230322-2022-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may result in a severe acute respiratory syndrome that leads to a worldwide pandemic. Despite the increasing understanding of COVID-19 disease, the mortality rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients remains high.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the risk factors related to the mortality of admitted COVID-19 patients during the peak of the epidemic from August 2021 to October 2021 in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective cohort study performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation-Professional diseases. The baseline and demographic data, medical history, clinical examination, the laboratory results were recorded for patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19. A radiologist and a pulmonologist will read the chest radiographs on admission and calculate the Brixia scores to classify the severity of lung abnormalities. Patients were followed up until beingrecovered or their death. Comparison of clinical and subclinical characteristics between recovery and death groups to find out risk factors related to the death of COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 104 admitted COVID-19 patients, men accounted for 42.3%, average age of 61.7 ± 13.7. The most common symptoms were fever 76.9%, breathlessness 74%, and fatigue 53.8%. The majority (84.6%) of the study population had at least one co-morbidity, including hypertension (53.8%), diabetes (25.9%), gastritis (19.2%), ischemic heart disease (15.4) %), stroke (9.6%) and osteoarthritis (9.6%). The rate of mild and moderate COVID-19 is 13.4%, severe 32.7%, and critical 40.4%. There are 88 inpatients (84.6%) who needed respiratory support. The median hospital stay was 13 days (IQR 10-17.75 days). The rate of intubated patients with mechanical ventilation was 31.7%. The overall mortality rate was 29.8%. Risk factors related to death included Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% (BUFFALO).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main result of the study is the independent risk factors related to the death of admitted COVID-19 patients including Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% ((BUFFALO) which suggests that these COVID-19 patients should be closely followed up.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e187430642302200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10351335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Related to the Death of Admitted COVID-19 Patients: A Buffalo Study","authors":"Doan Le Minh Hanh, Phan Thai Hao, Do Thi Tuong Oanh, N. V. Tho","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230403-2022-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-e230403-2022-21","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may result in a severe acute respiratory syndrome that leads to a worldwide pandemic. Despite the increasing understanding of COVID-19 disease, the mortality rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients remains high.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To investigate the risk factors related to the mortality of admitted COVID-19 patients during the peak of the epidemic from August 2021 to October 2021 in Vietnam.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a prospective cohort study performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation–Professional diseases. The baseline and demographic data, medical history, clinical examination, the laboratory results were recorded for patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19. A radiologist and a pulmonologist will read the chest radiographs on admission and calculate the Brixia scores to classify the severity of lung abnormalities. Patients were followed up until beingrecovered or their death. Comparison of clinical and subclinical characteristics between recovery and death groups to find out risk factors related to the death of COVID-19 patients\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among 104 admitted COVID-19 patients, men accounted for 42.3%, average age of 61.7 ± 13.7. The most common symptoms were fever 76.9%, breathlessness 74%, and fatigue 53.8%. The majority (84.6%) of the study population had at least one co-morbidity, including hypertension (53.8%), diabetes (25.9%), gastritis (19.2%), ischemic heart disease (15.4) %), stroke (9.6%) and osteoarthritis (9.6%). The rate of mild and moderate COVID-19 is 13.4%, severe 32.7%, and critical 40.4%. There are 88 inpatients (84.6%) who needed respiratory support. The median hospital stay was 13 days (IQR 10-17.75 days). The rate of intubated patients with mechanical ventilation was 31.7%. The overall mortality rate was 29.8%. Risk factors related to death included Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% (BUFFALO).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The main result of the study is the independent risk factors related to the death of admitted COVID-19 patients including Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% ((BUFFALO) which suggests that these COVID-19 patients should be closely followed up.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46959661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirometry Reference Equations Including Existing and Novel Parameters.","authors":"Douglas Clark Johnson,&nbsp;Bradford Gardner Johnson","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v16-e221227-2022-14","DOIUrl":"10.2174/18743064-v16-e221227-2022-14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spirometry is an essential component of pulmonary function testing, with interpretation dependent upon comparing results to normal. Reference equations for mean and lower limit of normal (LLN) are available for usual parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second of an FVC maneuver (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. However, standard parameters do not fully characterize the flow-volume loop and equations are unavailable for the upper limit of normal (ULN). The aim of this study was to develop reference equations for existing and novel spirometry parameters, which more fully describe the flow-volume loop, and to compare these to previously reported equations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from healthy participants in NHANES III was used to derive reference equations for existing and novel spirometry parameters accounting for birth sex, age, height, and ethnicity (Caucasian, Mexican American, Black) for ages 8 to 90 years. An iterative process determined %predicted LLN and ULN. Equations were compared to published reported equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reference equations were developed for mean, LLN and ULN for existing and novel spirometry parameters for ages 8 to 90. The derived equations closely match mean values of previously published equations, but more closely fit the LLN. Mexican-American and Caucasian values were similar (within 2%) so they were combined, while Black relative to Caucasian/Mexican-American values were lower for some parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These reference equations, which account for birth sex, age, height, and ethnicity for existing and novel spirometry parameters, provide a more comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of spirometry and the flow-volume curve.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e187430642212260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10351349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}