Open Respiratory Medicine Journal最新文献

{"title":"Malignant Potential of Endobronchial Glomangioma: A Case Report of an Unpredictable Diagnosis and Unexpected Outcome.","authors":"Ginanjar Arum Desianti, I Wayan Pande Adhyaksa, Eylin Halim Rahardjo, Agung Wibawanto","doi":"10.2174/0118743064397717250715093022","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064397717250715093022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glomus tumors are neoplasms typically arising from the glomus body in the skin or subcutaneous tissue. They are rarely found in visceral organs, including the respiratory tract. Glomangioma is a vascular variant, and its pulmonary subtype is challenging to predict due to the absence of specific symptoms or distinctive radiological features. While most glomangiomas are benign, in rare cases, they can exhibit aggressive clinical and histological characteristics, leading to severe conditions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of malignant endobronchial glomangioma in a patient presenting with hemoptysis and atypical chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an endobronchial tumor in the left distal main stem bronchus, partially obstructing the lumen. The patient was clinically diagnosed with suspected metastatic lung cancer and was scheduled for bronchoscopy and biopsy. During the biopsy, a rounded, bulging mass was partially removed; however, significant intraoperative bleeding occurred, necessitating the formation of an intentional blood clot. Ongoing bleeding and airway necessitated emergency pneumonectomy after 24 hours. Unfortunately, the patient experienced cardiac arrest postoperatively and died. Pathological examination revealed a mass with prominent vascular components lined by endothelial cells, with immunohistochemistry showing positivity only for smooth muscle actin, supporting the diagnosis of glomangioma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although difficult to diagnose clinically prior to biopsy, malignant endobronchial glomangioma should be considered in certain patient populations due to its specific outcomes and complications. Preventive measures and targeted interventions should be implemented to manage iatrogenic bleeding complications associated with biopsy procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064397717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Bronchoscopy in the Management of Lung Nodules. Is it too Early to Retire Transthoracic Needle Aspiration?","authors":"Munish Sharma, Swikriti Shrestha, Yasoda Rijal, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064371372250709073630","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064371372250709073630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (TTNA) is a medical procedure that involves the percutaneous insertion of a needle, typically guided by computed tomography, to aspirate lung tissue. During TTNA, the needle is often directed through the pleura and lung to reach and aspirate target tissues, such as the lung or lymph nodes. This procedure is commonly used to obtain tissue samples for diagnostic purposes. Over the past decade, invasive bronchoscopy, including endobronchial ultrasound biopsy (EBUS), radial probe, navigational, and robotic bronchoscopy, has improved the yield and safety profile of lung nodule biopsies while ensuring adequate lung tissue sampling. In this review article, we aim to compare the differences in efficacy, safety, and diagnostic yield among various diagnostic modalities in pulmonary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064371372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused Pulse High-frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (FP-HFCWO) for Mucus Management in COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and Asthma: A Single-center Cohort Study.","authors":"Pier-Valerio Mari, Angelo Coppola, Carriera Lorenzo, Macagno Francesco","doi":"10.2174/0118743064391693250627115047","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064391693250627115047","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Mucus hypersecretion is a significant clinical challenge in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma, often contributing to poor disease control and frequent exacerbations despite maximal pharmacological therapy. Focused Pulse High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (FP-HFCWO) therapy has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment to enhance mucus clearance and improve clinical outcomes. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the impact of FP-HFCWO therapy using the Respin 11 device in patients with COPD and asthma presenting with persistent mucus hypersecretion and inadequate disease control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective, single-center analysis was conducted on patients with COPD or asthma attending the pulmonary outpatient clinic at San Carlo di Nancy Hospital in Rome from September 2023 to January 2025. Eligible patients were those receiving maximal inhalation therapy, daily mucolytics, and presenting with mucus hypersecretion, frequent exacerbations or radiological small airways impairment such as tree-in-bud or mucus plug. FP-HFCWO therapy was prescribed for 20 minutes daily, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores. The effect of FP-HFCWO on CAT/ACT changes and moderate-to-severe exacerbations was evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 27 patients were included (COPD: n=17, asthma: n=10). The mean age was 74.2 years, with 78.0 for COPD and 67.8 for asthma. Baseline spirometry showed greater obstruction in COPD (FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;% predicted: 64.7%) compared to asthma (78.2%). Both groups share a significant small airway involvement on High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) and a smoking habit. FP-HFCWO significantly improved the clinical burden, CAT scores decreased by a mean of 7.5 points (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) in COPD, while ACT scores improved by 7.5 points (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) in asthma. The number of moderate-to-severe exacerbations was reduced by 66.6% in asthma (Δ-1.20 events) and by 73.0% in COPD (Δ-1.11 events), both statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings suggest that FP-HFCWO therapy may serve as a valuable adjunct to standard care in obstructive airway diseases. The observed improvements in symptom scores and reduction in exacerbations support its clinical relevance. Despite the retrospective design and limited sample size, the consistency of benefit across both COPD and asthma groups is noteworthy. This therapy could be considered in selected patients with chronic mucus hypersecretion and poor disease control. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these promising results and define optimal patient selection criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;FP-HFCWO therapy (Respin 11, VitalAire®) demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with Chronic Mucus Hypersecretion (CMH) and poor disease c","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064391693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Microorganisms from Bronchial Lavage Fluid in Bronchiectasis Patients: Bacteria, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, and Fungi.","authors":"Lam Nguyen-Ho, Quoc-Khanh Tran-Le, Hoang Kim Tu Trinh, Vu Le-Thuong, Van Pham-Hung, Huong Pham-Thien, Phu Truong-Thien, Thong Dang-Vu, Dung Lam-Quoc, Ngoc Tran-Van","doi":"10.2174/0118743064392945250613055623","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064392945250613055623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by irreversible bronchial dilation, often accompanied by persistent infections. Compared to sputum, the microbiological results of bronchial lavage fluid (BLF) from stable bronchiectasis patients are typically less explored. There is emerging evidence on the role of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the progression of bronchiectasis. This study aims to investigate the microbiological profiles of BLF and the rate of NTM detection in stable bronchiectasis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational multicenter study at two endoscopy units of Cho Ray's Hospital and University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, from January 2023 to January 2024. Adult patients with bronchiectasis who underwent bronchoscopy were enrolled, and the BLF was collected. The BLF samples were analyzed for bacterial and fungal pathogens using culture methods, and for NTM using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 112 initially assessed patients, 99 were eligible for this study. The mean age was 63 years, and 55.6% were female. Bacterial cultures were positive in 41.9% of cases (36/86), predominantly with isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> were notably detected. Using PCR, NTM was detected in 52.5% of patients (52/99), predominantly slow-growing species such as <i>Mycobacterium xenopi</i> and <i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i> complex. Fungal cultures were positive in 24.6% of cases (17/69), primarily involving <i>Candida</i> spp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. Patients with higher bronchiectasis severity index had higher rates of positive bacterial culture, but lower rates of NTM detection.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The high NTM detection rate in this study may be attributed to the use of BLF and sensitive molecular techniques. The frequent detection of NTM in patients with milder disease suggests that these organisms may be present in the early stages, potentially acting as an early warning for future progression. The high prevalence of MDR bacteria isolated highlights the need for revised infection control policies and tailored antibiotic strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated a microbial diversity in BLF, notably NTM and MDR bacteria in Vietnamese patients with bronchiectasis, emphasizing the need for routine, comprehensive microbial assessment for bronchiectasis patients. The incorporation of advanced molecular techniques can improve the detection of NTM in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064392945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 Agonists and the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration during Elective Upper Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Praveen Reddy Elmati, Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar, Rakhtan K Qasba, Andres Perez, Ruman K Qasba, Yatinder Bains, Mehul Shah, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064372550250603061720","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064372550250603061720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists cause delayed gastric emptying by acting on vagal afferent nerves. Retained gastric contents (RGC) increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration, particularly under anesthesia in endoscopic procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the current evidence on pulmonary aspiration in patients receiving GLP-1 agonists undergoing endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed from inception to May 2024, including studies and case reports examining GLP-1 agonists and pulmonary aspiration. Data on study characteristics, patient demographics, and GLP-1 agonist use were collected. A pooled analysis of retrospective studies was performed using RevMan version 5.4.1. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (ID CRD42024595241).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of five case reports involving six patients and twelve studies including 210,216 patients were identified. Pulmonary aspiration occurred in 143 of 87,691 patients (0.16%) in the GLP-1 agonist group and 149 of 122,525 patients (0.12%) in the placebo group. Notably, three patients experienced aspiration despite stopping GLP-1 agonists more than six days prior and fasting for over eight hours. The meta-analysis showed an odds ratio of 1.23 (P = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.60) for pulmonary aspiration associated with GLP-1 agonist use, which was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This analysis did not find a statistically significant association between GLP-1 agonist use and pulmonary aspiration risk during endoscopic procedures. While the findings align with some existing studies suggesting minimal increased risk, the presence of aspiration cases despite prolonged fasting highlights potential gaps in current peri-procedural management. Limitations include reliance on retrospective data and case reports, as well as variability in fasting protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found no significant association between GLP-1 agonist use and pulmonary aspiration risk during endoscopy. Further research is warranted to develop evidence-based fasting guidelines and optimize peri-procedural management for patients on GLP-1 agonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064372550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Change of Central Vein Oxygen Saturation Level during Spontaneous Breathing Trial as a Predictor of Successful Extubation in Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Made Wirga Wirgunatha, Bianca Jeanne, Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Putu Agus Surya Panji, I Wayan Suranadi","doi":"10.2174/0118743064363511250304050459","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064363511250304050459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weaning from mechanical ventilation is an essential step in the care of critically ill patients. Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) could reflect tissue oxygenation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The evaluation of the difference in ScvO₂ values at the beginning and end of the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) can be used as a predictor of successful extubation in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICU of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital from July to August 2024. This study involved 42 adult patients aged 18-65 who were using mechanical ventilation during their admission to the ICU. All patients had central venous access, were clinically ready for mechanical ventilation weaning, and could attempt SBT for 30-120 minutes with a rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) of less than 105.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients underwent 30-120 minutes of SBT. ScvO₂ levels were measured at the beginning of SBT (first minute) and at 30 minutes after SBT started, and the change in ScvO₂ level was recorded (ΔScvO₂). Patients with RSBI < 105 measured during SBT were extubated. Extubation failure was defined as the need for re-intubation, or patients died within 48 hours after extubation. Of 42 patients, 37 patients (89.1%) were successfully extubated. There was a significant difference in ΔScvO₂ between successfully extubated patients and those who failed \u2028(-2.89±1.63 <i>vs.</i> -8.2±4.27; p=0.049). The ROC curve analysis showed that a decrease in ScvO₂ ≤4.5% was the most optimal cut-off for a predictor of successful extubation with a sensitivity of 81.1%, specificity of 60%, positive predictive value of 93.8% and negative predictive value of 70%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The difference in ScvO₂ between the beginning and after 30 minutes of SBT was a valuable early predictor for successful extubation from mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064363511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Unicentric Intrapulmonary Castleman Disease: A Systematic Review and Report of a Case.","authors":"Manjinder Kaur Pannu, Jonas Peter Ehrsam, Olga Meier Adamenko, Ilhan Inci, Othmar Markus Schöb","doi":"10.2174/0118743064348696250107092627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064348696250107092627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Castleman disease (CD) is a very rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder marked by the abnormal enlargement of lymph node tissue. It can present as either unicentric (UCD) or multicentric, with the former often appearing in intrathoracic regions, although its presence within the lungs is uncommon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the case of a 42-year-old woman who underwent resection of an 11 cm intrapulmonary UCD. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for intrapulmonary UCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review identified 35 documented cases of intrapulmonary UCD, including our case. The average age was 34 years, with a female predominance of 57.7%. Tumor sizes ranged from 1.5 to 11 cm, with our case being the largest. Of the 24 cases with reported anamnesis, 58.3% were asymptomatic, while 41.7% had nonspecific symptoms such as cough, chest pain, or fever (as in our case). Histological analysis was available for 24 cases, with 83.3% identified as the hyaline vascular type. Biopsies through small needle aspiration or fresh-frozen samples failed in all attempts, requiring resection for diagnosis and treatment. Due to high vascularity, delicate location, and lack of diagnosis, lobectomy or pneumonectomy was performed in 45.7% of cases. Among the 11 cases with reported follow-up, no disease recurrence was observed over an average of 3 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our systematic review highlights the rarity of UCD in the lungs. The demographics of intrapulmonary UCD align with the general disease profile. Surgical removal is crucial for both diagnosis and treatment. The significant vascularity and pulmonary location of these tumors present challenges, requiring pre-operative awareness and precautions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064348696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Oxygenation, Pulmonary Function, and Nasal Nitric Oxide in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.","authors":"Gabriel Gonzalez-Diaz, Zachary J Demetriou, Jose Muñiz-Hernandez, Marcos J Ramos-Benitez, Ricardo A Mosquera, Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas","doi":"10.2174/0118743064365386250212050147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064365386250212050147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance, resulting in chronic respiratory complications. While exercise benefits respiratory health, its impacts on PCD remain understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess how moderate aerobic exercise influences FEV1, SpO2, and nNO levels in PCD patients, with a focus on short-term post-exercise changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a matched case-control pilot study involving 12 PCD patients homozygous for the RSPH4A (c.921+3_921+6del) mutation and 12 healthy controls (HC). Baseline FEV1, SpO2, and nNO levels were measured before participants underwent a six-minute exercise challenge test (ECT) on a stationary bicycle. Post-exercise measurements included FEV1 at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, nNO after final spirometry, and SpO2 at 5 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCD group experienced a significant increase in SpO2 from 95.5% ± 2.1 to 97.7% ± 1.5 post-exercise (p < 0.05), while the HC group had stable SpO2 levels with a minor increase from 97.9% ± 1.5 to 98.9% ± 1.4 (p = 0.14). No significant changes in FEV1 or nNO levels were observed post-exercise in either group. One HC participant exhibited exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aerobic exercise improves oxygenation in PCD patients without adverse effects on pulmonary function or nNO levels. Further research is necessary due to the small sample size and genetic homogeneity to confirm these findings and evaluate long-term outcomes. Moreover, this pilot study highlights the safety and potential respiratory benefits of aerobic exercise in PCD patients, supporting further investigation into its role in clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064365386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Acute Decompensated Right Ventricle Failure in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.","authors":"Rohit Masih, Vivek Paudyal, Yogendra Mani Basnet, Shaleen Sunesara, Munish Sharma, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064359315250210080743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064359315250210080743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) leading to Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction and, ultimately, Right Heart Failure (RHF). Acute decompensation of PAH presents a life-threatening consequence marked by sudden worsening of clinical signs of right heart failure, systemic circulatory insufficiency, and multi-system organ failure. Clinicians are encountering more and more patients with PAH and RHF in the critical care units. These patients require admission and management in a critical care unit until they can be stabilized. The pathogenesis involves an imbalance between RV afterload and its adaptation capacity, ultimately resulting in RV dilation and failure. While the causes of acute decompensation remain subtle in many cases, infections, drug noncompliance, and pulmonary embolism are common culprits. Early identification of signs and symptoms of acute decompensation of RV failure, determination of possible etiology, and timely initiation of optimal treatment approaches are pivotal in avoiding detrimental outcomes. Optimization of pre-load and use of pulmonary vasodilators and inotropic agents are cornerstones of management. In refractory cases, mechanical circulatory support such as Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) or Right Ventricular Assist Devices (RVADs) may be necessary. Balloon Atrial Septostomy (BAS) serves as a bridge to definitive therapy, offering decompression of the right atrium and right ventricle. The prognosis of acute decompensated RV failure in PAH patients remains poor, highlighting the critical need for early diagnosis and intervention to improve outcomes. Currently, there are no strict standard guidelines to manage acute decompensated RV failure in PAH patients. We aim to revisit current evidence and practice trends in PAH and its acute decompensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064359315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Herbal Plants and their Phytoconstituents Based Remedies for Respiratory Diseases: A Review.","authors":"Luca Campbell","doi":"10.2174/0118743064341009241210045737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064341009241210045737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite medical science advancements in recent years, pulmonary diseases are still hard to control and can be potentially life-threatening. These include asthma, COPD, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, pleurisy, and sarcoidosis. These illnesses often cause severe breathing problems, which can be fatal if not treated properly. While some chemical drugs are used to treat these conditions, they can cause side effects and are not always effective. Herbal medicine offers an alternative treatment option with fewer side effects and has shown promise in treating respiratory issues. Certain medicinal plants, such as garlic (Allium sativum), hawthorn (Crataegus rhipidophylla), moringa (Moringa oleifera), and ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), may help manage lung diseases. Natural compounds found in plants, like apple polyphenol, ligustrazine, salidroside, resveratrol, and quercetin, can also help reduce symptoms. These plants and compounds work by reducing cell overgrowth, fighting oxidative stress, lowering inflammation, stopping tumor growth, improving blood flow, and relaxing the airways. This review outlines the types of plants and compounds that can be utilized in treating pulmonary conditions, along with their respective mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064341009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}