Open Respiratory Medicine Journal最新文献

{"title":"Adopting Global Lung Function Initiative Reference Equations Alters Pulmonary Function Testing Interpretation in a Safety-Net Cohort.","authors":"Stephen T Russell, Jenny E Han, Jordan A Kempker, Eric Honig, Abiodun T Kukoyi","doi":"10.2174/0118743064497297260820041654","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064497297260820041654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Current American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines recommend Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference equations for spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity (DLCO). The impact of adopting these reference equations remains unclear and may differ by race.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) performed at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, GA, from 2017 to 2024. PFT components and interpretive patterns were analyzed using current Grady reference equations, then compared with GLI, including race-neutral spirometry, and stratified by race.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 7877 eligible patients; 7034 (89%) were Black, 529 (7%) were White, and 314 (4%) were Hispanic. Black patients had increased frequency of abnormal FEV1 (37.4% to 52.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), FVC (32.4% to 48.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (6.7% to 40.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and DLCO (30.3% to 45.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). White and Hispanic patients had decreases in abnormal FEV1 (48.0% to 38.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, and 29.0% to 20.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), decreases in abnormal FVC (38.0% to 26.1%, <i>p</i>< 0.001, and 26.1% to 18.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), increases in abnormal TLC (12.7% to 17.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, and 12.4% to 16.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and no change in DLCO. 44.3% of Black, 16.8% of White, and 14.5% of Hispanic patients had a new interpretive pattern.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this health system with a predominantly Black patient population, transitioning our PFT reference equations to GLI increased detection of abnormalities and changed interpretive patterns, with greater effects in Black patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The health-system impact of implementing GLI reference equations is highly context-dependent, influenced by demographics and prior reference equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064497297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Breath of Life Beyond Bronchodilation: Early Data on Hemodynamic and Functional Outcomes With Ensifentrine Nebulization in Severe COPD-associated Pulmonary Hypertension.","authors":"Ramakanth Pata, Joanna Kristeva, Mallory Illies, Justin Stocks","doi":"10.2174/0118743064456019260621185404","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064456019260621185404","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent and serious complication of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Current management focuses on optimizing COPD care, while the role of pulmonary vasodilators remains controversial. Ensifentrine, a dual phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3/4 inhibitor with bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties, may offer a therapeutic benefit in COPD-associated PH. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the effects of six months of nebulized ensifentrine on pulmonary hemodynamics and functional outcomes in patients with severe COPD and associated pre-capillary PH.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review of patients with GOLD stage III and IV COPD and confirmed pre-capillary PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP] ≥20 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] &gt;2 Wood units, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≤15 mmHg). Five patients treated with nebulized ensifentrine (3 mg twice daily) between September 2024 and May 2025 were included. Hemodynamics &lt;i&gt;via&lt;/i&gt; right heart catheterization (RHC) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were measured at baseline and at 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The cohort (mean age 76 years, 60% male, mean FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 33.4% predicted) demonstrated severe emphysema and PH (baseline mPAP 53.2 mmHg, PVR 9.5 WU, cardiac index 2.5 L/min/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). After 6 months, mean changes were as follows: • mPAP: decreased by 1.6 mmHg • Cardiac index: increased by 0.1 L/min/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; • PVR: decreased by 1.0 WU • 6MWD: improved by 31 m • mMRC dyspnea score improved from 3.6 to 3.2 • CAT score from 23 to 21.6 • DLCO increased modestly (29%→31.2% predicted). • No adverse events, exacerbations, or hospitalizations were observed during this period. • The combination of ensifentrine with roflumilast was well tolerated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Pulmonary hypertension in COPD is associated with worse outcomes, yet treatment options remain limited and uncertain. In this small retrospective case series of five patients with very severe COPD and confirmed pre-capillary PH, the addition of ensifentrine to optimized therapy was associated with modest but potentially meaningful improvements in symptoms, exercise capacity (6MWD), and select hemodynamic parameters, without worsening oxygenation. Its dual PDE3/PDE4 inhibition and inhaled delivery provide a plausible mechanism for bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory effects, and selective pulmonary vasodilation while minimizing ventilation-perfusion mismatch. However, the findings are highly preliminary given the very small sample size, lack of a control group, retrospective design, and significant selection bias, limiting generalizability and causal inference. Overall, the results are hypothesis-generating and suggest that ensifentrine may have therapeutic potential in COP","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064456019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker-concordant Steroid use in Hospitalized Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Claudia Gyimah, Felix Wireko, Amy Amsbaugh, Lori Dahring, Mohamad El Labban, Susie Kuhns, Alpha Amadi, Yewande Odeyemi, Aysun Tekin","doi":"10.2174/0118743064482683260618204843","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064482683260618204843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an emerging inflammatory biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with potential prognostic implications. Biomarker-concordant corticosteroid dosing strategies based on other inflammatory markers have been found to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. The NLR is a readily available and affordable biomarker and could help guide corticosteroid use in CAP. Our goal is to evaluate the association between NLR-concordant corticosteroid prescription and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center prospective cohort study of adults with CAP who were admitted to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between December 10, 2023, and March 11, 2025. Patients with available NLR within 24 hours of admission were evaluated. Those who received steroids after 24 hours of admission, stayed in the hospital shorter than 24 hours, and were not yet discharged were excluded. Steroid use was classified as 'biomarker-concordant' if given when NLR > 12 or withheld when NLR <= 12, and 'biomarker-discordant' otherwise. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 545 admissions with CAP, 465 were included. Steroid use was biomarker-discordant in 222 (47.7%) patients and biomarker-concordant in 243 (52.3%) patients. Systemic corticosteroid use within 24 hours was more common in the discordant group (127 (57.2%) <i>versus</i> 77 (31.7%)). After adjusting for the pneumonia severity index, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between groups including in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [95% C.I.] = 1.120 [0.463, 2.706]), 30 - day mortality (hazard ratio [95% C.I.] = 1.423 [0.747, 2.710]), oxygen-free days (estimate [95% C.I.] = 0.61 [-0.655, 1.879), or hospital-free days (estimate [95% C.I.] 0.222 [-0.943, 1.386]) between biomarker-discordant <i>versus</i> concordant corticosteroid use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite growing interest in biomarker-guided corticosteroid strategies, NLR-based concordance was not associated with clinical outcomes in this cohort, suggesting that its role may be limited to risk stratification rather than treatment guidance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this observational cohort of hospitalized CAP patients, a biomarker-concordant corticosteroid treatment strategy based on the NLR was not associated with improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064482683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Function Parameters during Anti-TNFα Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Maximilian Schulze, Bernadette Schulze, Gero Moog, Serap Alp Bastian, Andreas Bastian","doi":"10.2174/0118743064437075260515051440","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064437075260515051440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) may experience a range of extraintestinal pulmonary manifestations. Anti-TNFα therapy has emerged as a crucial treatment option for IBD patients. Despite the pro-inflammatory role of TNFα in pulmonary diseases, anti-TNFα therapy has no major value in their treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pulmonary manifestations and the impact of anti-TNFα therapy on lung function parameters in IBD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty two patients with IBD were recruited. These patients received pulmonary function tests prior to and at least 6 weeks after initiating anti-TNFα therapy. Pulmonary function was evaluated by standardized body plethysmography, including the measurement of lung diffusion capacity (DLCO SB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FEV1 and vital capacity (VC) were within normal range before and during anti-TNFα therapy. Mean residual volume (RV) was moderately increased before initiation of anti-TNFα therapy. RV decreased during the course of therapy, from 2.7 L (interquartile range (IQR) 2.04 - 3.06) or 159% (IQR 129.25 - 184.75) prior to anti-TNFα therapy to 2.5 L (IQR 2.14 - 3.00) or 138% (IQR 127.00 - 165.25) during anti-TNFα therapy (<i>p</i>=0.031 for absolute values and <i>p</i>=0.014 for relative values. DLCO SB was slightly reduced before anti-TNFα therapy and decreased even further during anti-TNFα therapy, from 76.1% to 72%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Lung function tests in our IBD cohort were almost normal. FEV1 and VC were within normal range. RV was moderately increased, and DLCO SB was slightly decreased. These might indicate an extraintestinal involvement of IBD. During anti-TNFα therapy, RV slightly improved, whereas DLCO SB decreased even further, albeit only slightly. In our IBD cohort, anti-TNFα therapy did not significantly influence lung function parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows that anti-TNFα therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) only slightly changes lung function parameters, including diffusion capacity, at least in patients with mild IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064437075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Expiratory Flow Variability after Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study in Peru.","authors":"Diana P Reyes-Alata, Milagros N Rosas-Sudario, Miguel A Arce-Huamani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064442343260505045704","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064442343260505045704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) is a practical marker of airway patency and cough effectiveness, yet perioperative evidence from Latin American surgical populations is limited. This study aimed to quantify postoperative PEF variability after abdominal surgery and identify associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study at a Peruvian hospital in 2024. Adults undergoing elective abdominal surgery performed PEF testing with a Mini-Wright meter preoperatively and on postoperative day 7 using a standard three-maneuver protocol. The highest valid value was retained. The primary outcome was PEF variability, defined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative PEF (L/min). Group comparisons used non-parametric tests, and multivariable linear regression identified independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-two patients were included; 58.5% were women, and the median age was 48 years. Mean preoperative and postoperative PEF values were 367.9 ± 71.9 and 346.0 ± 74.8 L/min, respectively. Median PEF variability was 20 L/min (IQR 10-30). Variability did not differ by sex or BMI. Age was the only independent predictor of greater decline.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Abdominal surgery was associated with an early postoperative reduction in expiratory flow, particularly in older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine perioperative PEF assessment may help identify patients who require closer respiratory monitoring and early supportive therapy in resource-constrained surgical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064442343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148726726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Conventional Treatment: Herbal Medicine and Nutraceuticals as Complementary Therapies for COPD and Asthma.","authors":"Ghasaq Al Obaidi, Yusuf Saleeby, Joseph Varon, Natalie Durzynski, Jack Tuszynki, Matthew Halma","doi":"10.2174/0118743064454037260510201039","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064454037260510201039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma remain among the most prevalent respiratory disorders worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired quality of life. Although there has been significant advancement in the pharmacologic therapies, complementary strategies that can potentially target the underlying mechanisms and complement the conventional treatment are growing in interest among numerous patients and providers. This narrative review used systematic search methods in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect to select herbal medicines and nutraceuticals that were studied for COPD and asthma, with a specific selection using objective pulmonary functionality parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC). Analysis of evidence identified multiple interventions with a clinically significant effect, such as <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, <i>Rhodiola rosea</i>, nanocurcumin, Bufei granule, and Wuqinxi breathing exercises, most of which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. The other agents, including Withania somnifera, Maxingshigan decoction, and L-carnitine, exhibited significant but inconsistent efficacy, whereas compounds like N-acetylcysteine, resveratrol, and cannabis had little effect. Mechanistic research indicates NF-kB, MAPK, Nrf2, and cytokine signaling pathways as typical therapeutic targets. Despite the limitations of methodological heterogeneity, the results indicate the judicious use of the choice of herbal and nutraceutical interventions in comprehensive respiratory care. Such supportive interventions can be patient-centered, enhance medication compliance, and offer an added effect in combination with evidence-based pharmacologic therapies. The quality of therapeutic application of the drug needs to be established through further high-quality therapeutic trials in order to determine the safety, dosing, and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064454037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcoidosis and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: An Intriguing Relationship.","authors":"Ubaldo Ciccarelli, Paolo Ghelardini, Maria Chiara Pisciella, Giovanni Zezza, Angela Nervoso, Federico Giordani, Pier-Valerio Mari, Filippo Martone, Matteo Siciliano","doi":"10.2174/0118743064450100260420103730","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064450100260420103730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, most commonly affecting the lungs but potentially involving multiple organs. Fatigue and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) represent highly prevalent and disabling symptoms, often persisting despite stable systemic disease. Growing evidence indicates an increased prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) among patients with sarcoidosis, suggesting a complex and multifactorial association. Several mechanisms contribute to this link. Shared inflammatory pathways promote systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Corticosteroid therapy, although central to sarcoidosis management, indirectly predisposes to OSA through weight gain, fat redistribution, and myopathy. Direct upper airway involvement (sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract, SURT) may cause mechanical obstruction, while restrictive pulmonary disease reduces lung volumes and increases pharyngeal collapsibility. Clinical studies consistently report a higher prevalence of OSA in sarcoidosis compared with the general population, even in non-obese and treatment-naïve patients. While OSA contributes to fatigue and EDS, these symptoms are also influenced by immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and treatment side effects. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy has demonstrated efficacy in reducing apnoea burden and improving both fatigue and quality of life, underscoring the importance of systematic OSA screening in sarcoidosis patients with persistent sleep-related symptoms. Despite increasing recognition, current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous diagnostic methods, and confounding effects of corticosteroid therapy. Future studies should clarify pathophysiological mechanisms, evaluate the impact of OSA treatment on sarcoidosis outcomes, and investigate wake-promoting agents such as solriamfetol and pitolisant as potential adjunctive therapies in patients with residual EDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064450100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marked Improvement in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in 3 Patients with a History of Amphetamine-like Drug use and Comorbidities.","authors":"Emily King, Abraham Rothman","doi":"10.2174/0118743064473701260415041740","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064473701260415041740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/background: </strong>The prognosis of patients with Pulmonary Hypertension (PAH) associated with the intake of anorexigens and amphetamines has not been clearly defined. Published data are suboptimal due to a scarcity of corroborating hemodynamic information. There are reports of worse, the same, and better prognoses compared to patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Our experience with three patients who had PAH, a history of amphetamine-like drug use, and comorbidities is described, and the pertinent literature is summarized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three patients with PAH and a history of amphetamine-like drug use demonstrated markedly improved hemodynamics at follow-up catheterizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064473701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Sleep and Mental Health Disorders in COPD Patients During Severe Exacerbations.","authors":"Tanisha Dighe, Shyam Subramanian, Sneha Reddy, Munish Sharma, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064410899251013073201","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064410899251013073201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) frequently result in hospitalization of the patients. The sleep health of patients admitted to the hospital with COPD exacerbations may be overlooked. The objective of this study was to assess and define the prevalence of sleep and mental health complaints among patients admitted with acute exacerbations of COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, patients admitted with an episode of COPD exacerbation at a local community hospital were given a list of questionnaires pertaining to sleep and mental health. These questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Questionnaires were administered in a stable, steady state on discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>53 patients filled out the questionnaires. 50.9% of patients reported poor sleep quality with scores indicative of chronic insomnia, and 41.2% of patients reported excessive daytime sleepiness on the PSQI. 64% of patients indicated abnormal total scores (<18) on the FOSQ, with 84.3% of patients reporting severe impairment in social outcomes. Clinical depression BDI scores >9) was seen in 73% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate a significant prevalence of sleep and mental health comorbidities in patients hospitalized for acute COPD exacerbations and highlight the need for screening tools and clinical interventions to reduce the burden of these comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064410899"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Preview of Antibiotic-resistant Spectrum in Community-acquired Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iraq.","authors":"Marwan Majeed Ibrahim, Yusur Muhammad Said Thabit Al-Rawi","doi":"10.2174/0118743064437974260211062059","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064437974260211062059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the leading sources of morbidity/mortality in the world. However, the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) aggravates the issue. This research intends to explore the prevalent levels of resistance to antibacterial drugs in bacteria isolated from patients in Iraq experiencing CAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 clinically and radiologically confirmed CAP patients at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, from May 2023 to June 2024. Sputum samples were evaluated microscopically and analyzed for culture and sensitivity using the VITEK^® 2 system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 122 patients, 44 (36.1%) had positive bacterial cultures. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and <i>S. sanguinis</i> bacteria, along with <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, stood out as the common ones, causing 18.2% each. <i>S. aureus</i> comprised 11.4%, followed by <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and <i>S. sanguinis</i> showed 100% resistance to azithromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin. <i>S. aureus</i> was 60% & 20% resistant to vancomycin & linezolid. Extremely alarming was the near-total resistance of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides the first detailed resistance profile for CAP pathogens in Iraq using modern automated diagnostics. The findings reveal alarmingly high levels of antibiotic resistance, including pan-resistant strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The problem of antibiotic resistance in CAP in Iraq is very serious and rising because of the development of pan-resistant bacteria. Currently, the requirement exists for comprehensive antibiotic stewardship programs in the whole of Iraq, along with strict implementation of measures against the free sale of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064437974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}