Open Respiratory Medicine Journal最新文献

{"title":"Low Doses of Kretek Cigarette Smoke Altered Rat Lung Histometric, and Overexpression of the p53 Gene.","authors":"Edy Parwanto, David Tjahyadi, Sisca Sisca, Husnun Amalia, Nany Hairunisa, Hosea Jaya Edy, Ashaolu Victoria Oladimeji, Noureddine Djebli","doi":"10.2174/0118743064285619240327055359","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064285619240327055359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The components of kretek cigarettes include tobacco as the main part, clove, and sauce. Filtered kretek cigarettes are kretek cigarettes that have one end filtered. Cigarette smoke contributes to the disruption of the respiratory system, so it is necessary to know the effect of low doses of cigarette smoke on changes in the histometric of the respiratory system, and whether it affects p53 gene expression. This study aims to determine changes in the histometric of the respiratory system and p53 gene expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used Sprague-Dawley rats. Group I of rats breathing normal air, were not exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke (as a control). Group II of rats, as a treatment group, were exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke 1 stick/day for 3 months. The results of lung histometry measurements and p53 gene expression between groups were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. The difference between groups is significant if the test results show P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bronchioles length, width, area, and perimeter in group I were 40.55±1.57 μm, 14.82±0.41 μm, 494.61±5.62 μm², and 233.87±4.51 μm, respectively. Bronchioles length, width, area, and perimeter in group II were 30.76±0.78 μm, 9.28±0.40 μm, 297.32±2.53 μm², and 177.84±5.15 μm, respectively. The area and perimeter of respiratory bronchioles in group I were 17.68±0.49 μm², and 26.60±0.52 μm respectively, while those in group II were 19.28±0.35 μm², and 29.28±0.35 μm, respectively. Mucus was found in the bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles in group II, however, there was no visible mucus observed in group I. In addition, it was also concluded that exposure to low doses of filtered kretek cigarette smoke, 1 cigarette/day for 3 months, increased the expression of the p53 gene in the lungs of rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The size of bronchioles in rats decreased after being exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke 1 stick/day for 3 months, while the size of respiratory bronchioles increased. In addition, exposure to filtered kretek cigarette smoke increased the expression of the p53 gene in the rat lungs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"18 ","pages":"e18743064285619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11311747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pulse of AI: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and its Potential Hazards.","authors":"Syeda Farheen Zaidi, Asim Shaikh, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064289936240115105057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064289936240115105057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we explore the existing utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) within the healthcare industry, examining both its scope and potential harms if implemented and relied upon on a broader scale. Collaboration among corporations, government bodies, policymakers, and medical experts is essential to address potential concerns, ensuring smooth AI integration into healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"18 ","pages":"e18743064289936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11037519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 Guidelines Reviewed.","authors":"Munish Sharma, Sushil Joshi, Prakash Banjade, Shekhar A Ghamande, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064279064231227070344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064279064231227070344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report is an essential resource for all clinicians who strive to provide optimal care to patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The annual report of GOLD makes few revisions and updates besides including data from the preceding year. At an interval, GOLD comes up with a significant modification in its guidelines, which is generally a major overhaul of the pre-existing guidelines. According to the latest 2023 updates, published in November 2022, there have been significant advancements made in the field of COPD. These include the development of more precise definitions for COPD and its exacerbations, the introduction of a new set of parameters to measure exacerbation severity, and updating the COPD assessment tool. Additionally, revisions have been made to the initial and follow-up treatment guidelines. The report also simplifies the treatment algorithm and sheds light on new findings that suggest the use of pharmacological triple therapy can reduce mortality rates. Furthermore, the report includes discussions on inhaler device selection and adherence to COPD medications. These improvements demonstrate a continued effort to enhance COPD treatment and management. Although there are some areas that could benefit from more detailed guidance and explanation, such as the proper utilization of blood eosinophil counts for treatment decisions, and the establishment of treatment protocols post-hospitalization, the latest modifications to the GOLD recommendations will undoubtedly aid healthcare providers in addressing any gaps in patient care. We aim to highlight key changes in the GOLD 2023 report and present a viewpoint about their potential implications in a real-world clinical scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"18 ","pages":"e18743064279064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11037508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Interleukin-4 Receptor α Chain I50V Gene Variant (rs1805010) and Asthma in Iranian Population: A Case-control Study.","authors":"Masouma Mowahedi, Azam Aramesh, Mozhgan Sorkhi Khouzani, Marjan Sorkhi Khouzani, Saeed Daryanoush, Mohammad Samet, Morteza Samadi","doi":"10.2174/0118743064266613231123103523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064266613231123103523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is one of the respiratory disorders caused by chronic airway inflammation. IL-4 has been identified as one of the participating interleukins in the severity of asthma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A case-control study was conducted to determine the association of rs1805010, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the interleukin 4 receptor α chain, with asthma and immunoglobulin E and IL-17A serum levels in Iranian populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ELISA was used to investigate the relationship between three different varieties of SNP I50V and serum IL-17A levels, as well as total IgE levels. Based on GINA criteria, patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on the association between SNP I50V, IL-17A, and total IgE. In order to analyze the data, the student-t-test and the one-way ANOVA were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SNP I50V was associated with asthma in a significant way (p = 0.001). IL-17A and total IgE levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in control participants (p 0.05 and p 0.021, respectively), but neither showed any association with SNP I50V in the asthmatic patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Asthma patients have a higher prevalence of the I allele, reflecting the significance of Th2 cells. Although total IgE and IL-17A levels increased in both disease subgroups, total IgE level augmentation correlates directly with disease severity, while IL-17A level enhancement does not.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"18 ","pages":"e18743064266613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11037512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates on British Thoracic Society Statement on Pleural Disease and Procedures 2023.","authors":"Ashish Subedi, Prakash Banjade, Sushil Joshi, Munish Sharma, Salim Surani","doi":"10.2174/0118743064286775231128104253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064286775231128104253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e18743064286775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11037506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Cryobiopsy versus Forceps Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: A Prospective Randomised Trial","authors":"Michael Brown, Phan Nguyen, Hubertus Jersmann, Mark Holmes, Michelle Wong","doi":"10.2174/0118743064262132230922110818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743064262132230922110818","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Improvements in pulmonary diagnostic imaging and the development of lung cancer screening are increasing the prevalence of Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Fluoroscopically guided radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with transbronchial forceps biopsy (TB-FB) has been the conventional diagnostic method. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TB-CB) is an alternative biopsy method. We sought to compare transbronchial cryobiopsy to transbronchial forceps biopsy for the diagnosis of SPNs. Methods: A prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH). Patients with SPNs were randomised to either 5 transbronchial forceps biopsies or one transbronchial cryobiopsy. Complete blinding of investigators and participants was not possible, as transbronchial cryobiopsy required general anaesthesia. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield with secondary outcomes of specimen size, diagnostic yield for subsets challenging to access with forceps and safety. Results: The overall diagnostic yield for the 28 enrolled subjects was 76.8%(22/28). The diagnostic yield was 91.7% (11/12 patients) for transbronchial cryobiopsy and 68.8% (11/16 patients) for forceps biopsy (p=0.14). Median biopsy sizes were consistently larger for the cryobiopsy arm at 7.0mm compared to 2.5mm(p<0.0001). An eccentric EBUS image signalling the probe was adjacent to the nodule occurred in 4/28 cases, and TB-CB confirmed a diagnosis in 3/3 randomised to this arm. There were no major complications with either technique. Conclusion: Transbronchial cryobiopsy under the guidance of fluoroscopy and radial EBUS facilitates larger biopsy specimens without a significant increase in major complications. Further research is required to confirm the effect on diagnostic yield; however, our study supports a role for TB-CB in the diagnosis of SPNs and small, nodule-adjacent biopsies. Clinical Trial Registration Number: Reference number of R20160213(HREC/16/RAH/37).","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bioinformatic Algorithm based on Pulmonary Endoarterial Biopsy for Targeted Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy","authors":"Abraham Rothman, David Mann, Jose A. Nunez, Reinhardt Tarmidi, Humberto Restrepo, Valeri Sarukhanov, Roy Williams, William N. Evans","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-230927-2023-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-230927-2023-9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Optimal pharmacological therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear, as pathophysiological heterogeneity may affect therapeutic outcomes. A ranking methodology based on pulmonary vascular genetic expression analysis could assist in medication selection and potentially lead to improved prognosis. Objective: To describe a bioinformatics approach for ranking currently approved pulmonary arterial antihypertensive agents based on gene expression data derived from percutaneous endoarterial biopsies in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Methods: We created a chronic PAH model in Micro Yucatan female swine by surgical anastomosis of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A baseline catheterization, angiography and pulmonary endoarterial biopsy were performed. We obtained pulmonary vascular biopsy samples by passing a biopsy catheter through a long 8 French sheath, introduced via the carotid artery, into 2- to 3-mm peripheral pulmonary arteries. Serial procedures were performed on days 7, 21, 60, and 180 after surgical anastomosis. RNA microarray studies were performed on the biopsy samples. Results: Utilizing the medical literature, we developed a list of PAH therapeutic agents, along with a tabulation of genes affected by these agents. The effect on gene expression from pharmacogenomic interactions was used to rank PAH medications at each time point. The ranking process allowed the identification of a theoretical optimum three-medication regimen. Conclusion: We describe a new potential paradigm in the therapy for PAH, which would include endoarterial biopsy, molecular analysis and tailored pharmacological therapy for patients with PAH.","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of High-resolution Computed Tomography for Macrolide Therapy of Idiopathic Bronchiectasis.","authors":"Zenya Saito,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshida,&nbsp;Shota Uchiyama,&nbsp;Saiko Nishioka,&nbsp;Kentaro Tamura,&nbsp;Nobumasa Tamura","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-230822-2022-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-230822-2022-27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlates with clinical symptoms, respiratory function, and quality of life in bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between macrolide and acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic bronchiectasis classified by the Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with idiopathic bronchiectasis between April 2014 and December 2020 at a single hospital. Overall, 115 patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis were selected and divided into three groups, according to the BRICS. Each group was divided into subgroups with and without macrolide therapy, and the number of patients with AE in each group was retrospectively compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 45, 48, and 22 patients were included in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. In the mild group, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly fewer patients with single AE than those without macrolide ( <i>P</i> = 0.029). There was no significant difference in the moderate and severe groups ( <i>P</i> = 1.00 and 0.64, respectively). In the multiple AE, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly fewer patients than those without macrolide therapy in the mild, moderate, and severe groups ( <i>P</i> = 0.024, 0.029, and 0.026, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HRCT severity assessment might be useful in predicting treatment efficacy in patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis without previous AEs. Further large-scale clinical trials are required on the usefulness of HRCT in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e187430642307250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Connective Tissue Disease-related Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.","authors":"Bonnie Wang,&nbsp;Vivek Nagaraja","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230714-2022-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18743064-v17-e230714-2022-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibrotic interstitial lung disease is an important driver of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Due to the lack of prospective randomized trial data in this population, practice pattern variation exists in the management of patients with CTD.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case series describes three patients, each with a different background of autoimmunity complicated by fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). We review their initial presentations, follow their disease trajectories on currently available treatments, and reference forthcoming clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical impact or potential implications. Response to immunosuppression and antifibrotic therapy is variable in patients with connective tissue disease-related fibrosing interstitial lung disease. Data from prospective clinical trials and longitudinal registry studies will conceivably provide additional insight into improving care for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"17 ","pages":"e187430642306150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10507213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Flexible Bronchoscopy using Biopsy Forceps as the Initial Attempt for Headscarf Pin Aspiration Extraction.","authors":"Mia Elhidsi,&nbsp;Dicky Soehardiman,&nbsp;Wahju Aniwidyaningsih,&nbsp;Mochamad Fahmi Alatas,&nbsp;Ginanjar Arum Desianti,&nbsp;Prasenohadi Pradono","doi":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230718-2023-5","DOIUrl":"10.2174/18743064-v17-e230718-2023-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Flexible bronchoscopy is a less invasive procedure for extracting foreign bodies from the airways. However, studies on the extraction of headscarf pins are still very limited to determine the efficacy and safety of headscarf pin extraction using flexible bronchoscopy with biopsy forceps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, on patients who had been treated in this hospital for headscarf pin extraction between January 2013 and February 2023. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia. The pin was removed using Radial Jaw 4 mm single-use pulmonary biopsy forceps. The impacted sharp tip of the pin was freed first, and the proximal part of the pin body was gripped using biopsy forceps. Once a firm hold of the sharp end or the proximal part of the pin was secured, the bronchoscope and forceps were both slowly withdrawn under direct vision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two cases with headscarf pin aspiration were managed by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. A total of 12 patients (37.5%) came without any respiratory complaints; however, an equal number complained of cough and 6 cases (18.7%) of haemoptysis. All the cases in which the pins were visible in the airway were found with the round head down and the sharp tip oriented superiorly in the airway and impacted in the mucosa. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy extraction succeeded in 31 cases (96.8%). Only one case was converted to surgery. There were no major complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fibreoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy forceps under general anaesthesia is safe and effective for the removal of headscarf pin aspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e187430642306220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10487336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49262365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}