Open Respiratory Medicine Journal最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial Pneumonia and Acute Kidney Injury: Association and Impact on Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the United States.","authors":"Thai Truong, Carlos Pichardo, Chanmi Park, Erick Phocco, Pedro Arias-Sanchez, Jeremy Kuszel, Lisa Glass","doi":"10.2174/0118743064443250260210065237","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064443250260210065237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to investigate the association between bacterial pneumonia and acute kidney injury (AKI), which develops during hospitalizations for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and their impact on patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective observational study on the United States National Inpatient Sample (USNIS) from 2016 to 2022, using ICD-10 codes to identify patients admitted to hospitals with an AECOPD who developed bacterial pneumonia and/or AKI during their hospital stay. We compared the clinical outcomes, including endotracheal intubation, in-hospital length of stay, and all-cause hospital mortality among four groups of patients: AECOPD, AECOPD with bacterial pneumonia and no AKI (PAECOPD), AECOPD with AKI and no bacterial pneumonia (KAECOPD), AECOPD with both bacterial pneumonia and AKI (PKAECOPD). We investigated the microorganism distribution of bacterial pneumonia and mortality by pathogen. We also used multivariate logistic and linear regression to investigate the correlation between outcomes and variables, including age, gender, race, hospital bed size, hospital location, bacterial pneumonia, AKI, and Charlson's comorbidity index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 2,548,188 weighted admissions, including 2,247,833 cases of AECOPD (88.21%); 34,930 cases of PAECOPD (1.37%); 258,360 cases of KAECOPD (10.14%); and 7,065 cases of PKAECOPD (0.28%). The average age of patients who died in hospitals was 6 years older than that of survivors (73.19 <i>vs</i> 67.70 years, <i>p</i><0.01). Patients requiring endotracheal intubation were, on average, a year younger than those who did not (66.61 <i>vs</i> 67.77 years, <i>p</i><0.01). White patients had poorer survival than Black, Hispanic, and other races. Females had lower hospital mortality than males by odds ratio (OR) 0.91 (<i>p</i>=0.004). AECOPD patients with bacterial pneumonia had a higher AKI rate than those without bacterial pneumonia (16.82% <i>vs</i> 10.31%, <i>p</i><0.01). The PKAECOPD group had the poorest outcomes compared with the other groups, including higher endotracheal intubation incidence (27.18%), longer hospital stay (12.89 days), and higher all-cause hospital mortality (13.39%). Factors leading to increased all-cause hospital mortality included endotracheal intubation (OR 32.75, <i>p</i><0.01), AKI (OR 2.33, <i>p</i><0.01), bacterial pneumonia (OR 1.71, <i>p</i><0.01), Charlson's comorbidity index (OR 1.10, <i>p</i><0.01), and older age (OR 1.05, <i>p</i><0.01). Factors leading to increased hospital stay by at least a day included endotracheal intubation (6.13 days, <i>p</i><0.01), bacterial pneumonia (3.03 days, <i>p</i><0.01), and AKI (1.12 days, <i>p</i><0.01). The most commonly identified pathogens causing bacterial pneumonia included other gram-negative bacilli (12.47%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (11.54%), <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (7.2","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064443250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shortened Telomere Length as a Risk Factor for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Fanny Fachrucha, Farhana Ibrahim Syuaib, Arini Purwono, Fariz Nurwidya, Sita Laksmi Andarini, Erlina Burhan, Wiwien Heru Wiyono","doi":"10.2174/0118743064421488251017061020","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064421488251017061020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with limited life expectancy after diagnosis. The median survival time ranges from 2 to 4 years, indicating a poor prognosis. Multiple telomere-related genes that cause telomere shortening have been associated with a significant percentage of IPF cases. This review aims to analyze the association of short telomere length with IPF incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic online search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Articles that met the criteria were included. Quality of included literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of telomere length was calculated using a random-effect model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six original studies containing 622 IPF patients and 544 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The study designs were case control and cohort. Pooled analysis showed shorter telomere length in IPF patients compared to controls (SMD: -0.84, 95%CI -1.21 to -0.48, Z = 4.55, <i>p</i> < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed that steeper telomere shortening was found in lung tissue compared to peripheral blood sample. The findings suggested that telomere length may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Repeated cell divisions gradually shorten telomeres that lead to senescence and apoptosis. Premature senescence disrupts the balance of lung epithelial cells, potentially activating lung remodeling processes that result in fibrotic damage through senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows significant shorter telomere lengths in IPF patients compared to healthy controls that suggest telomere as a risk factor for IPF occurrence. These findings highlight the value of telomere assessment not only for early detection but also as a potential predictive biomarker for clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064421488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rickets, Vitamin D Deficiency and Tuberculosis in Children of St. Petersburg and its Region.","authors":"Yulia Yarovaya, Marina Lozovskaya, Elenа Vasil'eva, Lyudmila Klochkova, Gennadij Stepanov, Ruslan Sagatelyan","doi":"10.2174/0118743064436599260130204102","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064436599260130204102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the widespread prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and its clinical manifestations (such as rickets and compromised immune status) in children, this study aimed to assess the likelihood of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children with TB infection and positive ESAT-6/CFP-10 test results, alongside signs of vitamin D deficiency (clinical rickets and/or low serum vitamin D levels).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 98 children aged 1-14 years were examined at the TB department of St. Petersburg Children's Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 3 (2022-2024). Inclusion criteria were a positive ATP test and/or IGRA result. Exclusion criteria included immunodeficiency disorders and hereditary diseases. Diagnostic evaluation for TB and vitamin D status (<i>via</i> serum calcidiol (25(OH)D) measurement was performed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Rickets-related changes were observed in 70.4±4.6% of cases. Vitamin D insufficiency was detected in 21.4±4.4%, moderate deficiency in 36.7±5.1%, and severe deficiency in 33.7±5.0%. A significantly higher probability of active TB diagnosis was found in children with: • Rickets signs: OR=4.009 (95% CI 1.609-9.987), RR=1.872 (1.148-3.054), φ=0.310. • Vitamin D deficiency: OR=10.411 (3.762-28.809), RR=3.182 (1.648-6.145), φ=0.493. • Either factor: OR=41.167 (10.699-158.404), RR=27.986 (2.720-23.443), φ=0.677 (strong association).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The low vitamin D levels in children require not only special attention from TB specialists to patients with tuberculosis infection who test positive in immunological tests for ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens and show signs of rickets and/or vitamin D deficiency, but also increased vigilance from pediatricians in the timely diagnosis and treatment of rickets. Rickets often manifests early, has a prolonged course, and can lead to impaired immune status, which is significant for the progression from latent tuberculosis infection to active disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency and rickets should prompt heightened TB monitoring in high-risk children, emphasizing early pediatric intervention to prevent immunodeficiency and TB progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064436599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventilation-perfusion Scan: A Functional Imaging Approach to Regional Lung Disease in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.","authors":"Gabriel Román-Ríos, Gabriel Rosario-Ortiz, Marcos J Ramos-Benitez, Ricardo A Mosquera, Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas","doi":"10.2174/0118743064429529260119050836","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064429529260119050836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As a rare genetic disorder defined by defective ciliary motility, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) leads to chronic respiratory complications. A founder variant in the <i>RSPH4A</i> [c.921+3_921+6delAAGT] gene, common in Puerto Rico, impairs ciliary function and contributes to progressive lung disease. Today, the clinical value of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scans in PCD has not been thoroughly investigated as well as pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and chest imaging. To explore the role and clinical utility of V/Q scans in PCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective evaluation of pulmonary function tests, chest imaging, and Tc-99m DTPA ventilation and Tc-99m MAA perfusion scans in ten patients with genetically confirmed <i>RSPH4A</i> -associated PCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regional lung dysfunction was present in V/Q scans of patients with PCD. Age-related FEV ₁ decline and severity of bronchiectasis on chest imaging were depicted in V/Q scans.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that V/Q scans can provide additional functional and physiological information beyond that obtained from CT scans in patients with PCD. Furthermore, future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm their value for monitoring disease progression and guiding clinical care in PCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>V/Q scans may identify functional abnormalities in PCD and complement standard imaging and pulmonary function tests. These scans may serve as valuable tools for monitoring disease progression and informing clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064429529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Implications of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Dany Gaspard, Nadine Yared, Reem Wehbe, Elias Horanieh, Tarek Bou Dargham, Mohamad Bahij Moumneh, Christine Atallah, Mohammad Fawaz","doi":"10.2174/0118743064418513251104054134","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064418513251104054134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prognostic implications of developing pneumothorax (PT) or pneumomediastinum (PM) in COVID-19 pneumonia remain a topic of debate, with current literature showing conflicting data. We aimed to assess mortality rates and the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed these complications compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data and outcomes for patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia to a tertiary care referral center in Lebanon.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 527 patients (356 men and 171 women) were identified. Events were reported in 43 patients (18 PM, 10 PT, and 15 both). Overall mortality was 28.3%. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with events compared to those without events (69.7% <i>vs</i>. 24.5%). Most events occurred in patients with severe lung involvement on computed tomography (CT). Only three patients died within the first 48 hours after the development of an event. Incidence was higher in patients who were overweight or obese and increased with age. Distribution was similar between both genders. Ventilation data showed that 79% of events occurred during non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Barotrauma events, including PT and PM in COVID-19 pneumonia, were associated with significantly higher mortality and appear to reflect more severe lung involvement. Mortality was not directly caused by the events themselves. A significant proportion occurred in patients on supplemental oxygen or high-flow nasal cannula (21%), highlighting the need for a high index of suspicion for such events even in non-ventilated patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a strong association between the development of PT and/or PM and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064418513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Fluid Balance on Clinical Outcomes in ICU Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis using MIMIC-IV.","authors":"Geran Maule, John Rickards, Abdallah Rayyan, Moh'd Alamin Daise, Kobina Essilfie Quaye, Peters Okonoboh","doi":"10.2174/0118743064418020251204090156","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064418020251204090156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a significant comorbidity that can complicate the care of patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). PAH's hemodynamic burden and systemic effects add complexity to managing fluid balance, ventilatory support, and other critical care interventions. This study aims to investigate the impact of fluid balance in ICU patients with PAH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV v3.1 database. Patients with diagnosed PAH (ICD-9: 4160; ICD-10: I270) and complete ICU records were included. Exclusions were applied for missing data, duplicate ICU stays, and secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension. An initial cohort of 178 patients was identified. Further data validation led to a final cohort comprising 102 patients. Analyses were conducted in Google BigQuery and Python-based tools (Google Colab).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 102 patients, 77 (75.4%) had a positive fluid balance, and 25 (24.5%) had a negative balance. Positive fluid balance was associated with higher ICU mortality (14.49% <i>vs</i>. 5.88%), shorter ICU stays (2.29 <i>vs</i>. 3.06 days), and a 74% increase in ICU mortality odds (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10-2.85). The lowest ICU mortality was seen in patients with net fluid balance between -2000 mL and +2000 mL. Severely positive balance (>+5000 mL) was associated with the highest ICU mortality (19%) and longest ICU LOS (6.16 days).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study highlights the critical importance of fluid balance in PAH patients, a population uniquely susceptible to right ventricular failure. The findings suggest that even modest positive fluid balance may worsen outcomes, supporting prior physiologic models linking volume overload to RV dysfunction. While limited by retrospective design and lack of hemodynamic data, the results underscore the potential benefit of individualized fluid strategies and the selective use of advanced monitoring. Further prospective research is needed to define safe fluid thresholds and guide therapy in this high-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that both excessive positive and severe negative fluid balance may be detrimental in ICU patients with PAH. A moderate fluid balance range (-2000 mL to +2000 mL) showed the most favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"20 ","pages":"e18743064418020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Potential Microorganisms from Bronchial Lavage Fluid in Bronchiectasis Patients: Bacteria, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, and Fungi.","authors":"Lam Nguyen Ho, Quoc-Khanh Tran-Le, Hoang Kim Tu Trinh, Vu Le-Thuong, Van Pham-Hung, Huong Pham-Thien, Phu Truong-Thien, Thong Dang-Vu, Dung Lam-Quoc, Ngoc Tran-Van","doi":"10.2174/0118743064392945250612511121","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064392945250612511121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2174/0118743064392945250613055623.].</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743062511121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Challenging Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis with Unusual Pulmonary Manifestations: A Case Report.","authors":"Claudia Carducci, Paola Parronchi, Emilio Portaccio, Maria Pia Amato, Luisa Pastó, Filippo Bartalesi, Gioia Di Stefano, Valeria Pasini, Camilla Eva Comin, Claudia Ravaglia, Venerino Poletti, Federico Lavorini, Sara Tomassetti","doi":"10.2174/0118743064414458251015063933","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064414458251015063933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, aggressive, and life-threatening disorder characterized by sustained but ineffective immune system activation that leads to severe and systemic hyperinflammation. It may occur as a genetic or sporadic condition, often triggered by an infection. The multifaceted pathogenesis results in a wide range of non-specific symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings that challenge its recognition. The pulmonary involvement is underdiagnosed and may manifest as pneumonia, which can lead to respiratory failure. Despite the great improvement achieved in terms of survival, a considerable proportion of patients with HLH still die from progressive disease.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We discuss the case of a unique form of respiratory distress and multiorgan failure with inconclusive radiological and lung biopsy investigations. The patient was finally diagnosed, by genetic analysis, with HLH, and promptly treated as per HLH-94 treatment protocol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report aims to emphasize that clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and even pathological findings in HLH might not be unequivocal; nonetheless, a rapid diagnosis and treatment are mandatory, given the high mortality of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064414458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy and its Impact on Maternal-Fetal Health: A Hidden Threat - Narrative Review.","authors":"Parth Dhamelia, Vanshika Gupta, Srishty Agarwal, Baltej Singh, Rohit Jain","doi":"10.2174/0118743064411633250826105304","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064411633250826105304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterised by apnea or hypopnea, often presents with symptoms such as gasping or snoring. However, these symptoms can be nonspecific and are frequently overlooked, particularly in pregnant women, where they are often attributed to normal physiological adaptations, leading to underdiagnosis and negative maternal and fetal outcomes. This narrative review examines the implications of OSA during pregnancy, highlighting the importance of early screening and evaluating available treatment options. We reviewed various articles on PubMed and Google Scholar about the impact of OSA during pregnancy, screening methodologies, and treatment effectiveness. OSA often increases sympathetic activity along with immune dysfunction, resulting in adverse outcomes like gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cardiomyopathy, depression, and higher rates of cesarean deliveries, while the fetus suffers from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm births, and perinatal mortality. Various screening tools, such as the Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), STOP-BANG, and Wisconsin questionnaires, aid in early diagnosis. Treatment options include lifestyle modifications, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, either continuous (CPAP) or bilevel (BiPAP), hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS), mandibular advancement devices (MAD), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery, with CPAP being identified as the preferred treatment. To reduce adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus, early detection and treatment of OSA in pregnant women are essential. Increased awareness among expectant mothers, routine screening using validated questionnaires, and appropriate treatment selection can not only decrease fetal complications but also reduce the risk of long-term adverse effects of OSA on maternal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064411633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12741983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Potential of Endobronchial Glomangioma: A Case Report of an Unpredictable Diagnosis and Unexpected Outcome.","authors":"Ginanjar Arum Desianti, I Wayan Pande Adhyaksa, Eylin Halim Rahardjo, Agung Wibawanto","doi":"10.2174/0118743064397717250715093022","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118743064397717250715093022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glomus tumors are neoplasms typically arising from the glomus body in the skin or subcutaneous tissue. They are rarely found in visceral organs, including the respiratory tract. Glomangioma is a vascular variant, and its pulmonary subtype is challenging to predict due to the absence of specific symptoms or distinctive radiological features. While most glomangiomas are benign, in rare cases, they can exhibit aggressive clinical and histological characteristics, leading to severe conditions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of malignant endobronchial glomangioma in a patient presenting with hemoptysis and atypical chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an endobronchial tumor in the left distal main stem bronchus, partially obstructing the lumen. The patient was clinically diagnosed with suspected metastatic lung cancer and was scheduled for bronchoscopy and biopsy. During the biopsy, a rounded, bulging mass was partially removed; however, significant intraoperative bleeding occurred, necessitating the formation of an intentional blood clot. Ongoing bleeding and airway necessitated emergency pneumonectomy after 24 hours. Unfortunately, the patient experienced cardiac arrest postoperatively and died. Pathological examination revealed a mass with prominent vascular components lined by endothelial cells, with immunohistochemistry showing positivity only for smooth muscle actin, supporting the diagnosis of glomangioma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although difficult to diagnose clinically prior to biopsy, malignant endobronchial glomangioma should be considered in certain patient populations due to its specific outcomes and complications. Preventive measures and targeted interventions should be implemented to manage iatrogenic bleeding complications associated with biopsy procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":39127,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Medicine Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"e18743064397717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}