Usefulness of High-resolution Computed Tomography for Macrolide Therapy of Idiopathic Bronchiectasis.

Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlates with clinical symptoms, respiratory function, and quality of life in bronchiectasis.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between macrolide and acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic bronchiectasis classified by the Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with idiopathic bronchiectasis between April 2014 and December 2020 at a single hospital. Overall, 115 patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis were selected and divided into three groups, according to the BRICS. Each group was divided into subgroups with and without macrolide therapy, and the number of patients with AE in each group was retrospectively compared.

Results: About 45, 48, and 22 patients were included in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. In the mild group, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly fewer patients with single AE than those without macrolide ( P = 0.029). There was no significant difference in the moderate and severe groups ( P = 1.00 and 0.64, respectively). In the multiple AE, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly fewer patients than those without macrolide therapy in the mild, moderate, and severe groups ( P = 0.024, 0.029, and 0.026, respectively).

Conclusion: HRCT severity assessment might be useful in predicting treatment efficacy in patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis without previous AEs. Further large-scale clinical trials are required on the usefulness of HRCT in the future.