Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History最新文献

{"title":"DEPORTATIONS OF GERMAN POPULATION FROM TRANSCARPATHIA IN 1944 – 1946 YEARS: CAUSES, COURSE, CONSEQUENCES","authors":"V. Mishchanyn","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.256790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.256790","url":null,"abstract":"The first German colonists in Transcarpathia appear in the twelfth and fifteenth centuries and the largest number of German settlers settled in various parts of the region in the XVIII – XIX centuries. They were mostly farmers, specialists for timber, timber industries, mining and salt deposits, representatives of the construction trades. It is estimated that before the Second World War there lived about 17 – 18 thousand of German colonists. But the fate of the German population of Transcarpathia changed dramatically on the final stage of World War II. Serious demographic changes begin in the country with the liberation of the Transcarpathia Red Army (on October 28, 1944) and by the adoption of the Manifesto on reunification of the Transcarpathian Ukraine SSR (on November 26, 1944). Already on November 24, 1944 arrived in the Transcarpathian Ukraine special representatives of the NKVD had a task to complete account of the entire German population aged 16 to 50 years. This contributed to the ruling People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine the confiscation of all property evicted Germans. The first wave of deportations continued in 1944 – 1945 years in terms of Transcarpathian Ukraine, which before signing the agreement on June 29, 1945 was legally a part of Czechoslovakia. Then 215 people were deported. The second wave of deportations took place in conditions of Zakarpattya Oblast (established on January 22, 1946) – component of the administrative unit of the USSR. According to the Resolution of the NKVD on January 15, 1946 about the mass deportation of Transcarpathia of German nationality, the subject to eviction were those, who \"the most compromised themselves during the German occupation of Hungary.\" During 1946 two thousand Transcarpathian Germans were taken to Siberia.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130690875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ESTIMATION OF THE WAR IN DONBAS BY SCIENTISTS AND FORMER POLITICIANS ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER THE NEW YORK TIMES (FEBRUARY 12, 2015 – APRIL 30, 2018)","authors":"Yuriy Ofitsynskyy","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.258573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.258573","url":null,"abstract":"The views of scientists and former high-ranking politicians on the war in Donbass in the period between February 12, 2015 and April 30, 2018 are analyzed in the article. On that basis the best ways to end the war are shown. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time in historiography, the opinions of scientists and ex-politicians on the war in eastern Ukraine in the period between February 12, 2015 and April 30, 2018 were studied on the basis of the newspaper The New York Times. The following conclusions were made. Firstly, some analysts predicted that Russia would not try to seize Ukraine, but would fight in the Donbas to keep the country destabilized and prevent it from getting closer to the EU and NATO. Other experts predicted that Russia might not stop at Ukraine and use the Russians from the Baltic states to create frozen conflicts there. Secondly, the use of different terms to denote the war in Donbas and the enemies of Ukrainian troops was ambiguous. They were called mostly “insurgents”, less often “separatists”, and occasionally “militants” and “terrorists”. The war itself was most often referred to as “uprising” or “conflict”, less often as “invasion” and in isolated cases – “war”. Thirdly, after approving the first and second Minsk agreements, almost all experts immediately doubted their viability. In Minsk-2 agreement, Donbas was recognized as an integral part of Ukraine, Vladimir Putin periodically resorted to military escalation here, and instead of a political settlement he sought a frozen conflict so that Ukraine would abandon its strategic European and Euro-Atlantic course. Russia has done everything to make Ukraine look like an internally unstable, failed state in the eyes of the world, in order to take advantage of its weakness in the future. Fourthly, in the debate whether the West should provide weapons to Ukraine, two camps crystallized. Some advised the West to properly arm Ukraine, which would prevent Russian aggression against other states. Others believed that arming Ukraine would not deplete Russia. On the contrary, it could lead to the catastrophic defeat of Ukraine and the humiliation of the West. Fifthly, Western sanctions against Russia have prompted it to relinquish its claims to Donbas and warned against an aggressive course toward other countries. At the same time, the establishment of lasting peace in Ukraine, thus ending the war in Donbas, was associated exclusively with diplomatic efforts such as searching for and approval of a compromise option of autonomy or expanded local self-government.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116218935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POLISH-UKRAINIAN RECONCILIATION ATTEMPTS ON THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE VOLHYNIAN MASS MURDERS OF 1943","authors":"Tetiana Banakh","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.257490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.257490","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the Polish-Ukrainian public discussions on the Volhynian mass murders from February to July 2003 and the joint 60th-anniversary commemoration of this massacre, which happened July 11 in Pavlivka village, the Volhynian region in Ukraine. The research is written from the perspective of the conception of reconciliation. The main question is the extent to which this reconciliation was successful. The article is based on Polish and Ukrainian media materials, official statements, letters and appeals of different groups and public figures, and five unpublished interviews conducted by the author in January – June 2019. The methodological research frame is a theory of the politics of memory by Jan Kubik and Michael Bernhardt. The approach is helpful for the classification of mnemonic actors, who participated in the debates, and the research of various memories of Volhynian mass murders. The article stresses the importance of this discussion and the joint commemoration of victims. Leading politicians and intellectuals participated in the debate, especially in Ukraine. The scholars from both sides, who toke the position of mnemonic pluralists, played an important role. They tried to rethink the past of their country and the responsibility in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict. However, this rethinking was difficult for them. Appeals to reconciliation had a spiritual dimension. Therefore the church joined it, although quite carefully. The commemorative action in Pavlivka happened mainly because of state resources. It was inaccessible to a significant part of the Ukrainian public. However, even in this situation, the commemorative action in Pavlivka could contribute to overcoming the conflict of memories if both countries were more pluralistic in the following years.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133438814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and primary processing of grain in the Ung, Bereg, Ugocha and Maramoros counties in the Middle Ages","authors":"Rikhard Mihovk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246896","url":null,"abstract":"The present research deals with the medieval grain production and the primary processing of it in Ung, Bereg, Ugocsa and Maramures counties. In the Middle Ages, the primary foodstuff was bread, which could be made from a variety of grains. In today's Transcarpathia, bread was made primarily using wheat and rye, which were crucial parts of the everyday eating. After the founding of the Hungarian state, the branch of the food production underwent a transformation, namely the animal-husbandry was slowly replaced by tillage. With the continuous development of the village system, indoor and outdoor farming were also spreading. Grain was grown on arable land away from the house, which has been a high priority. In order to understand the system based on family farming, principally the number of family members must be calculated, and then the average number of settlements follows from the obtained data, which gives the amount of land required per families and settlements to produce grain for bread. The bread was baked in a two-week cycle, when the family gained 30 kg. The growing crops for bread is the first stage of the process, which is followed by milling, i.e. the second stage. Grinding took place in mills, of which several varieties are separated. In the case of our region, watermills were widespread, of which there are also several types. We separate a stream mill and a floating mill from water mills. In the case of our region, both varieties have been identified. The mills did not work all year round, they could only work at the proper water level. Therefore, neither in winter cold nor in summer the mill could not work, so the grinding of flour needed for bread took place mainly in spring and autumn. Mills were one of the most complex technological machines of the time, the operation and maintenance of which required a specialist with relevant knowledge. Mills can be used for grinding grain, as well as for sawing and grinding wood. By examining the available resources, tens of mills were localized in the four counties, which also sheds light on the technological development of the age.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123680736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Ukrainian \"traditional\" Churches in the transformational processes of transition from the totalitarian to the democratic system of Ukraine (1989 – 2005)","authors":"Y. Hanushchak","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246689","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the participation of the Churches of the Kyiv tradition (these include the UGCC, UOC-MP, UOC-KP, UAOC) in the processes of transition of Ukrainian society from a totalitarian to a democratic system. During this period, the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine's independence and a large-scale democratic Orange Revolution took place. Undoubtedly, just as the Ukrainian Churches joined these events, so did the socio-political vicissitudes themselves influence the formation of the identity and positioning of many Christian denominations. The author considers the role of the UGCC and UAOC in the processes of national uplift and establishment of Ukrainian statehood in the late 80's of the XX century. Given that, the religious factor played an important role in the collapse of the totalitarian state and the establishment of Ukrainian statehood. At the beginning of independence, sovereign Ukraine faced the path of geopolitical choice, and eventually the scales prevailed in the direction of European integration, which gradually began to play an important role in shaping the country's foreign policy. The author finds out the cultural and religious reasons for the geopolitical choice of the majority of Ukrainians. One of the conclusions in the article is the fact that the Ukrainian Churches undoubtedly fall into the field of geopolitical confrontation, some of them choose the path of supporting the European integration process; others, on the contrary, argue in favor of the pro-Russian vector. This civilizational confrontation in society led to the Orange Revolution. As the Churches integrate into public life, one can observe their involvement in the events on Maidan in 2004. The events of the Orange Revolution contributed to the revival of democratic processes in Ukraine. And the experience gained by churches in participating in socio-political vicissitudes has helped to improve communication between churches, rethink their relationship with the state and form new relationships with society.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130823075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational processes in Khmelnytsky region in the conditions of Nazi occupation (according to the materoals of the Proskuriv newspaper \"Ukrainian Voice\")","authors":"Liubomyr Dudarchuk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246595","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the course of educational processes in Khmelnytskyi region during the Nazi occupation. The main source for the preparation of the investigation was the materials of the newspaper \"Ukrainian Voice\", published in Proskuriv from 1941 to 1943. The content of the publications, contained in this magazine, is characterized, the attention is paid to the personalities involved in its publication. It is shown that many of the posts had a pronounced propaganda orientation. The education system in the region is characterized. Statistics on the number of schools in the Khmelnytskyi region, as well as student performance indicators are presented. It was found that in the field of schooling in the specified period there were a lot of problems: unsatisfactory condition of school premises, low attendance of students and lack of textbooks. It is proved that the authorities made significant efforts for the proper organization of the educational process - carried out repairs, imposed fines on parents who did not allow children to attend classes. Changes in school curricula after the establishment of the occupation administration in the region were observed. Emphasis is placed on the activities of the Medzhibizh Library. It is established that the school education system was used for the purpose of ideological influence on the local population. The activity of vocational education institutions in Khmelnytskyi region is analyzed. Features of their functioning are described. It is proved that the vast majority of them were represented by short-term courses and vocational schools. Based on newspaper materials, the features of the entrance campaigns in this period are analyzed. The level of material and technical support of educational institutions is characterized. Attention is paid to the activities of the Ukrainian Industrial Society in the field of education. The Kamianets-Podilskyi Teachers’ Institute was an important center for training teachers for schools in the Khmelnytskyi region during that period. Its role as an educational center in the region is highlighted. The number of students of this institution has been established. It is found out that obtaining a professional qualification at that time was usually paid. It is proved that in vocational education institutions specialists were trained in those sectors of the economy whose human resources were the most valuable in terms of their further exploitation in favor of the Third Reich.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122852532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggravation of interfaith relations in the Belarusian provinces of the Russian Empire (late 19th – early 20th century) in the light of archival documents","authors":"O. Kazak","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247221","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes various aspects of the relationship between the largest confessional groups of the Belarusian provinces of the Russian Empire (Orthodox and Catholics) in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the context of the implementation of the models of self-identification «our – other» and «our – alien». Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the activities of Catholic clergy and fanatical parishioners to incite interfaith hostility (insults to representatives of another confession, unfounded calls for conversion to Catholicism, erroneous interpretation of the Decree «On strengthening the principles of religious tolerance» and the Manifesto of October 17, 1905, and etc.). The authority that Catholic priests had among the parishioners often caused the latter to be hostile to their neighbors of other faiths. The article provides many examples of the fact that the appearance of fanatical priests in a certain area often disrupted the peaceful, conflict-free course of religious life. At the same time, there were cases when the erroneous actions of Orthodox priests and ordinary parishioners became a catalyst for the exacerbation of interfaith relations. The article provides factual evidence of the propaganda activities of Catholic priests in the Polish national spirit, analyzes the reaction of the authorities to it. The most resonant conflict between Catholics and Orthodox at the beginning of the twentieth century is described in detail – an episode in the town of Zelva, Volkovysk district, Grodno province. The basis of the source base of the article was made up of documents of the National Historical Archives of Belarus and the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno. This article can be useful for specialists in history, students, everyone interested in the problems of religious and national relations in European countries. We see prospects for further research in this area in a comparative analysis of the situation in Belarus and other regions of Central and Eastern Europe of the 20th – 21th centuries, mixed in confessional and ethnic terms.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123865880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensions to the main building of Lviv Polytechnic at the beginning of the XX century","authors":"Yuliia Kurdyna","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246526","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of building up the educational premises of Lviv Polytechnic National University (official name at the time - Imperial Royal Higher Technical School in Lviv) in the early 20th century. The attention is drawn to the reasons that determined the necessity to extend the educational space for the institution, given its development and increased social significance. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the author traces the construction process in detail: from the official permit for extension in May 1903 to the implementation of the project. The persons who were engaged in the Building Committee, formed by the Galician governorship, and the sphere of their responsibility are indicated. The way of conducting such works at that time is specified: a sort of tender was held and a contract for execution of works was signed with a winner (a company that offered the lowest price). The particular enterprises, type of work performed (construction, carpentry, metalwork, etc.) and the amount of money paid are indicated. For example, the extension was carried out by Alfred Kamenobrodsky's firm, carpentry by Wczelak Brothers, varnishing by Alexander Boyarsky and interior design of six new classrooms by Marcin Prugar and Son. A detailed description of equipment necessary for the newly built premises is given, which allows understanding what the lecture halls of the time looked like. It is pointed out that the construction of wings led to other changes in the arrangement of the territory, in particular, a cobblestone path was finally paved from the main building to the chemistry building located nearby. Based on the studied sources and literature, the author concludes that the extension of the premises of the University in the early 20th century was extremely necessary. The addition of two so-called «wings» to the main building, however, did not solve the problem of lack of classroom space, because some of the units were still in rented premises and the professors constantly asked for the construction of new buildings for the needs of Lviv Polytechnic.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123173799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memorialization of the \"liberators\" in Transcarpathia during the period of preventive Sovietization (1944 – 1946)","authors":"Pavlo Leno","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247558","url":null,"abstract":"In 1944 – 1946, during the preventive Sovietization of Transcarpathian Ukraine, the local communist authorities initiated radical changes in its symbolic landscape in order to influence the collective memory of the population. The result of this policy was the appearance in the region in 1945 of monuments in honor of the Heroes of the Carpathians (soldiers of the Red Army), who died as a result of active hostilities in October 1944. Officially, the perpetuation of the memory of the fallen Red Army soldiers took place as a manifestation of the people's initiative of the local population in gratitude for the liberation from fascism, including from the “centuries-old Hungarian slavery”. However, archival materials and oral historical research prove that this process was an element of the traditional Soviet policy of memory, initiated by the command of the 4th Ukrainian Front. As a result, a number of memorial resolutions of the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine were adopted in a short time. As a result, the graves of the Red Army were enlarged, fundraising was organized among the population, and the construction of monuments to the fallen liberators was started and successfully completed in all regional centers of the region. The peculiarity was that the installation of monuments in honor of the Heroes of the Carpathians took place long before the end of the Great Patriotic War / World War II, which was not observed in other territories of the Ukrainian SSR. One of the other paradoxes was that, so, the representatives of the Hungarian minority of the region demonstrated their appreciation for their \"liberation from Hungarian domination\".","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign policy of the Czech Republic through the prism of historiography","authors":"L. Pavlyshyn","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247479","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the situation of research problems of formation and development of foreign policy of the Czech Republic in the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The scientific problem attracts considerable interest of specialists in the field of international relations, because it is relevant and unstable. The article summarizes the new material on the research topic of historiography. The purpose of this article is to analyze the state of development of our research in domestic and foreign historiography. To achieve this goal, the author considered the bulk of the scientific literature on the foreign policy of the sovereign Czech Republic. For the objective disclosure of the topic by the author, the literature was distributed according to the problem principle. The development of international relations of the CEE countries in the post-communist period and the Czech Republic, in particular, was covered in many scientific and popular science works. Among foreign researchers, the author singles out mainly Czech, Slovak, German and British. Such an ethno-geographical number of scientists is due to the specifics of the geopolitical location of the Czech Republic. Ukrainian researchers were viewed through the prism of domestic foreign policy. The article presents an analysis of scientific research in the field of the following issues: general transformational transformations in the CEE region, formation of the sovereign Czech Republic and national policy, experience of integration into the European Union and NATO, Visegrad cooperation, development of Czech-Slovak relations and formation of Ukrainian-Czech interstate cooperation. To fully and comprehensively cover the research problem, the author used a significant amount of material from periodicals in Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Germany. A review of the works used by domestic and foreign researcher’s shows that the vast majority of publications raise general questions about the course of domestic political transformation processes in the field of political science, economic or cultural research.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123632936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}