Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History最新文献

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KING WENCESLAS IV OF LUXEMBOURG'S REGULATION OF RELATIONS WITH GERMAN PRINCE AND IMPERIAL CITIES IN 1379 – 1389 1379 - 1389 年卢森堡国王温塞斯拉斯四世与德国王子和帝国城市关系的规定
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305199
Nataliia Kushtan
{"title":"KING WENCESLAS IV OF LUXEMBOURG'S REGULATION OF RELATIONS WITH GERMAN PRINCE AND IMPERIAL CITIES IN 1379 – 1389","authors":"Nataliia Kushtan","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305199","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the issue of the regulation of relations with German princes and imperial cities by Wenceslas IV Luxemburg in 1379 – 1389. The topicality of the work lies in the lack of coverage and growing public interest in King Wenceslas IV and the key events of the specified period and region. In the Czech historical science of the 20th century, the activities of the king are considered mainly against the background of the Hussite revolutionary movement, and his figure remains in the shadow of the person of Jan Hus. The Holy Roman Empire was a motley conglomerate of cities and territorial possessions over which the power of the monarch only formally existed, where alliances were concluded with the aim of preserving peace and defence of trade relations, reducing levies and pledges. At first, Wenceslaus IV tried to introduce a system of agreements (landfrids) and establish ties with imperial cities at the regional level. The article also examines the issue of papal dual power, which Wenceslas IV decided to discuss at the imperial meeting, and the reasons for its postponement and transfer from Nuremberg to Frankfurt am Main. Due to various circumstances (such as ecclesiastical schism), the king was forced to seek an understanding with the electors and, thus, distance himself from solving the issue of cities. However, the princes themselves did not want to strengthen the central government, and the city treated the monarch's proposals with distrust because of his relations with the electors. Wenceslas IV's efforts were in vain. In 1388, the so-called urban warfare burst out. During the hostilities, the princes defeated the main forces of the Swabian and Rhine unions. The king took advantage of their defeat, and at the imperial meeting in Eger, a decision was made to ban urban associations. In the empire, a universal land freedom was declared, and the growth of social and political influence of cities was stopped for a long time. The collection of \"Acts of the German Reichstag\", which is one of the most detailed publications of documents on the history of the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, was used as a source.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"28 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE CONTROVERSY OF VIEWS ON THE FUTURE OF HUNGARY BETWEEN FERENC DEAK AND LAJOS KOSSUTH DURING THE ADOPTION OF THE DUALISTIC AGREEMENT (1865 – 1867) 费伦茨-德克与拉约什-科苏特在通过二元协议期间对匈牙利未来的观点之争(1865 - 1867 年)
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305417
Ivan Mandryk
{"title":"THE CONTROVERSY OF VIEWS ON THE FUTURE OF HUNGARY BETWEEN FERENC DEAK AND LAJOS KOSSUTH DURING THE ADOPTION OF THE DUALISTIC AGREEMENT (1865 – 1867)","authors":"Ivan Mandryk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305417","url":null,"abstract":"Every nation is proud of its national leaders, preserves the memory on them. The Hungarians are no exception, and they gave birth to one of their best sons, who led the national liberation war of 1848 – 1849 and greatly contributed to the birth of their nation. The name of this Hungarian is Lajos Kossuth. Being under the rule of the Habsburg dynasty for a long time, the Hungarian people, who had significant traditions of statesmanship since the Middle Ages, found themselves under the threat of assimilation. Only the ascetic activity of such national leaders as I Szecheny, S. Petőfi, L. Kossuth, F. Deák and others saved Hungarians from such participation. Their activity was most clearly manifested during the revolution and the national liberation war of 1848 – 1849. However, even after the defeat, the leaders had to work on solving the national problems of Hungary and its peoples. In the 60s of the XIX century the views on the political future of former like-minded people diverged diametrically. This applies to the entire spectrum of activities of Ferenc Deák and Lajos Kossuth. The latter, throughout his long life (1802 – 1894), while living in exile, continued to call on all Hungarians to realize the main goal – the restoration of their own independent state, completely separated from the Austrian Empire. The opposite position was taken by the leader of the constitutionalists, the head of the liberal party, F. Deák. Taking into account all internal and external circumstances, he and his numerous like-minded people chose the path of compromise with the dynasty and Austria and advocated the restoration of Hungary’s constitutional rights through purely peaceful means. The political differences between the two national leaders were most clearly manifested during the preparation and conclusion of the dualistic Austro-Hungarian agreement, which determined the state system not only of historical Hungary but also of the entire Habsburg Empire for the next half-century. Among active politicians, it was L. Kossuth who understood the final tragedy of such a compromise choice by the Hungarians, which could bring temporary tactical results but could not ensure strategic national interests.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FORCED MOBILISATION STRATEGY IN THE IMPERIAL DOCTRINE OF RUSSIA: PRESENT AND HISTORICAL ASPECT 俄罗斯帝国学说中的强制动员战略:现状与历史
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305553
Ivan Cherlenyak, Nataliia Radchenko
{"title":"FORCED MOBILISATION STRATEGY IN THE IMPERIAL DOCTRINE OF RUSSIA: PRESENT AND HISTORICAL ASPECT","authors":"Ivan Cherlenyak, Nataliia Radchenko","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305553","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to investigate the causes and consequences of the use of forced mobilisation in the territories occupied by the Russian authorities in the current Russian-Ukrainian war as a modernisation of the imperial expansion strategies of both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The author examines the experience of forced mobilisation in the republics and autonomous regions of the Federation, as well as in the quasi-state formations of South Ossetia, the Republic of Abkhazia, the Transnistria Moldavian Republic, the LPR and the DPR. The research methods in the article were selected in accordance with the purpose and were based on the principle of historicism. They are presented by the general scientific method of analysis and the historical and comparative method. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the issue of forced mobilisation of peoples enslaved by Russia in the form of two blocks, the first one – regarding mobilisation on the territory of the Federation itself, the second – regarding mobilisation in the self-proclaimed unrecognised republics (in fact, in the territories occupied in the course of a hybrid or purely armed war). As we can see, the Russian Federation is carrying out both internal expansion-occupation and external expansion and occupation. The combination of these types of expansion is the practice of using the «human material» of fully or partially «occupied» (conquered) peoples to conquer others. By using the tactic of forced military mobilisation, Russia solves several problems at once: 1) «free» formation of resources of its own armed forces; 2) mutual extermination of enslaved peoples as a result of «clashes» with each other on the field; 3) coercion to participate in war crimes or tarnishing the population by participating in a war against for their people (for Ukrainians in the ranks of the Russian armed forces), which assure forced support of Kremlin policy by these people; 4) for Ukrainians who were forced to participate in illegal armed formations of Russia, this simultaneously becomes a «point of no return» to normal life in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"341 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PROGRAMMATIC DOCUMENTS OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST PARTY FROM 1948 TO 1989 捷克斯洛伐克社会主义党 1948 至 1989 年纲领性文件
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305418
Pavel Marek
{"title":"PROGRAMMATIC DOCUMENTS OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST PARTY FROM 1948 TO 1989","authors":"Pavel Marek","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305418","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we seek to analyse the Czechoslovak Socialist Party’s programmatic documents during the era of the “building of a socialist society” in Czechoslovakia (1948 – 1989). The party emerged from the ruins of the long-standing Czechoslovak National Socialist Party in the aftermath of the February 1948 communist coup. As a new political party, it distanced itself from the programmatic principles of its predecessor, which had pursued a vision of establishing national socialism as a product of the reformist efforts of people committed, in essence, to the idea of a welfare state built on national traditions, espousing the ideas of humanism, democracy, and human freedom, while spurning the concept of Marxism-Leninism and the replication of the Soviet model of socialism and communism. Thus, one of its foremost priorities after its constitution was to devise its own programme. In the early years of its existence, it subscribed to the Czech Socialist Party’s 1918 programme, but this makeshift solution was replaced in short order by a series of declarations in which it aligned itself with the programmatic goals of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. In 1949, it adopted its rules of organisation, in the introduction of which it inserted tenets about its core programmatic focus, which, understandably, did not reflect the full breadth of its interests and opinions on issues of political, economic, social, cultural, and other aspects of life. Nevertheless, for years the party portrayed this introduction as a fundamental and representative statement standing in for a standard party manifesto, stemming from the fact that, after the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in 1949, which defined the “general line for the building of a socialist society in Czechoslovakia”, and which the Czechoslovak Socialist Party adopted as a guide for its own policy and activities, the drafting of a programme for Czechoslovak Socialists became pointless, perhaps undesirable. All the way through to 1989, the Czechoslovak Socialist Party had no standard congress-adopted programme of its own. In the thawing of the political situation in 1968 that created a window of opportunity for change, an outline of a programme emerged that was heavily influenced by the contemporary climate seeking to construct a democratic model of socialism (“socialism with a human face”), but this was nothing more than a passing phase quickly suppressed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and the subsequent era of “normalisation”. In the 1970s and 1980s, Kučera’s leadership of the party attempted to counter national-socialist ideology and the tendency for the party to declare itself non-Marxist by adopting the ideology of scientific socialism as a blueprint for the party’s approach to building a socialist society. Yet, at the same time, it proclaimed scientific socialism a doctrine that was not binding on party members and permitted them to lean towards a differen","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"55 s64","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PREPARATION AND ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ON THE CZECHOSLOVAK FEDERATION OF 1968 1968 年捷克斯洛伐克联邦宪法的制定和通过
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305422
Ihor Shnitser
{"title":"PREPARATION AND ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ON THE CZECHOSLOVAK FEDERATION OF 1968","authors":"Ihor Shnitser","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305422","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the process of preparation and adoption of the Constitutional Law on the Czechoslovak Federation of October 27, 1968, and provides an analysis of its content. This Law was the result of the process of federalization of Czechoslovakia, which began during the \"Prague Spring\" of 1968 and was intended to rebuild Czech-Slovak relations according to the principle of \"equal to equal\" and in this way to solve the Slovak question in the state. The lower chronological limit of the article (September 1968) is dictated by the beginning of the \"normalization\" policy, which, except for the federalization process, was characterized by the gradual collapse of democratic transformations in Czechoslovakia in the first half of 1968. The upper chronological limit is determined by the adoption of the Constitutional Law by the National Assembly on October 27, 1968, on the Czechoslovak Federation. The methodological basis of the proposed article is the principles of historicism and objectivity. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the analysis of the Constitutional Law of 1968 through the prism of the Slovak question in Czechoslovakia, which was formed after the refusal of the Prague authorities from the Košice government program of 1945. The Constitutional Law of 1968 was the result of a compromise reached by representatives of the Czech and Slovak peoples. According to the law, the basis of the federation was a voluntary union of equal national states of Czechs and Slovaks based on the right of self-determination. The development of the Czechoslovak Federation was influenced by internal and external factors. The author attributes the removal of democratically-minded communists from power in Czechoslovakia, the lack of reforms in the Communist Party of Ukraine, and the gradual restoration of totalitarian methods of control and management of society to the internal factors of influence. The external factor was the preservation of the influence of the USSR on internal political processes in Czechoslovakia. As a result, federalization without true democratization remained an empty form without any content in Czechoslovakia. Certain provisions of the Constitutional Law of 1968 were never implemented until the victory of the \"Velvet Revolution\" in 1989. This gives grounds for asserting that the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic did not acquire the characteristics of a federation, and the Slovak Republic acquired the attributes of a subject of a socialist federation. In the opinion of the author, the Constitutional Law on the Federation of 1968 did not solve the Slovak question in Czechoslovakia, but only for some time removed the acuteness of this problem in the state. According to the natural right of self-determination, the Slovaks retained the right to create their own national state.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"24 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS IN THE SUBCARPATHIAN RUS (1930-1939): FEATURES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 下喀尔巴阡俄罗斯的乌克兰学生专业协会(1930-1939 年):成立和组织发展的特点
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304825
Kostiantyn Kutsov
{"title":"PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS IN THE SUBCARPATHIAN RUS (1930-1939): FEATURES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Kostiantyn Kutsov","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304825","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed study, based on a wide range of archival and published sources, attempts to reconstruct and analyse the process of formation of professional organisations of Ukrainian students in the territory of Subcarpathian Rus in the 1930s to clarify the main prerequisites and reasons for the emergence of such associations, as well as the peculiarities of their further structural and organisational development. During this period, attempts to create seven local groups and societies in the region were recorded: «Druh» (Mukachevo, 1930), «Rodina» (Chynadiyevo, 1931, 1934), «Voskhod» (Khust, 1932), «Kamenari» (Mukachevo, 1932), «Promin» (Uzhhorod, 1932), «Stoy» (Svaliava, 1933) and «Karpatiya» (Uzhhorod, 1937). In terms of their national and linguistic orientation, most of these organisations were divided into Russophile («Druh», «Rodina», «Voskhod», «Stoy») and Ukrainophile («Kamenari», «Promin»). Their direct initiators were, respectively, Subcarpathian students who belonged to the Russophile society Vozrozhdenie and the Ukrainophile Soyuz. At the same time, the main reason for the creation of Russophile local satellite associations was related to the desire of the Vozrozhdenie activists to strengthen the Central Union of Subcarpathian Students (CUSS) while maintaining their own Russophile representation of Subcarpathian Rus in the Czechoslovak student movement. The reason for the founding of Ukrainophile organisations was an attempt to create a central structure alternative to the Russophile CUSS. The only organisation that was neutral on the national language issue and was created on an international basis was the Carpathia Society. In terms of structural and organisational development, local Russophile groups and societies generally demonstrated their own viability, although in terms of quality, the vast majority were not purely student associations. In turn, Ukrainian philosophical organisations, due to their principled position on the national language issue, faced strong resistance from the Czechoslovak bureaucratic system during the process of their creation. As a result, they were never able to acquire legal status and soon after, their establishment ceased to function.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TRANSCARPATHIAN UKRAINE (1944 – 1945): SPORTS POLICY 外喀尔巴阡乌克兰(1944-1945 年):体育政策
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305115
V. Mishchanyn, Vladyslav Dibrova
{"title":"TRANSCARPATHIAN UKRAINE (1944 – 1945): SPORTS POLICY","authors":"V. Mishchanyn, Vladyslav Dibrova","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305115","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the sports policy of the National Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine (NRZU) from 1944 to 1945. The Resolution of the National Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine on April 10, 1945, regulated the development of physical education and sports in Transcarpathian Ukraine. The Central Sports Committee was organized during the establishment of the authorized NRZU in matters of education. The NRZU Commissioner for Education managed it. We note that with the Sovietization of all spheres of life, NRZU is trying to introduce Soviet sports standards. In the State Archives of the Transcarpathian Region, a separate description of fund 1211 contains documents about the sports policy of Transcarpathian Ukraine. Description 2 \"Committee on Sports under the National Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine\" has 19 cases. In the first founding documents (\"Regulations on the Committee for Physical Education and Sports at the National Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine\", \"Regulations on the Physical Education Team of the Enterprise, Institution, Educational Institution\"), we follow two main tasks the formation of physical education and sports in Transcarpathian Ukraine; direct copying of Soviet experience in physical education and sports, introduction of Soviet standards. In particular, \"the training of workers in the complex \"Ready for Work and Defence of the USSR\", the involvement of \"physicians in the active participation in the socio-political life of the country\", their mobilization \"to fulfil the tasks set by the party and the National Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine ... in the matter of further socialist construction and defence of the country\". A separate resolution of the NRZU dated May 25, 1945, created the Committee for Physical Education and Sports at the NRZU. Vasyl Fedak was appointed as the head of the Committee. Personnel from Soviet Ukraine are sent to help him establish the Soviet sports management system. The article also provides specific facts about conflict situations between athletes and Red Army soldiers: arbitrary seizure of housing by soldiers, refusal to return sports equipment, and theft of property. Athletes were also ideologically trained - compulsory attendance at various lectures and subscriptions to periodicals. The organization and celebration of the \"Physical Culture Day\" by NRZU were also covered. In 1945, there were as many as two of these - \"as part of the celebration of May 1\" and \"on the occasion of the end of the school year\" (July 1, 1945). Another area of activity of the Committee for Physical Education and Sports at NRZU during this period was the introduction of Soviet standards for teaching physical education in the region's schools. For this, the leadership of the Committee requested all the necessary educational and methodological literature from the republican centre. We note that after the signing of the agreement on the reunification of Transcarpathian Ukraine with Soviet Ukraine (June 29, 1945), t","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"20 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HUMANISTIC PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOLING BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITIES OF THE HUMENNE-UZHHOROD JESUIT COLLEGE (1613 – 1773) 以胡梅尼-乌日霍罗德耶稣会学院(1613 - 1773 年)的活动为例,说明学校教育的人文原则
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305206
O. Ferkov
{"title":"HUMANISTIC PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOLING BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITIES OF THE HUMENNE-UZHHOROD JESUIT COLLEGE (1613 – 1773)","authors":"O. Ferkov","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305206","url":null,"abstract":"Jesuit educational institutions were popular in European countries for more than a century and a half. Education was not among the priority tasks of the Society of Jesus, created in 1534. About a decade had passed before the first colleges began emerging and transforming into humanistic educational institutions. The successful combination of the tradition of humanistic education of the Renaissance-Reformation era and the tasks of Catholic renewal of the post-Trident period guaranteed Jesuit institutions successful activity for a long time. In the article, the author tries to outline the main stages of the establishment and activity of the Humenne-Ungvar Jesuit collegium in the context of the activity of the Society of Jesus on the northeastern outskirts of Hungary in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is indicated that schools were an effective tool in the rivalry between different denominations, particularly among Protestants and Catholics. In the early modern times, educational institutions headed by the church (Catholic, Protestant, Jesuit) had a clear humanistic direction and were guided by the principle of enlightened piety. And this can be seen in the educational activities of the Humenne-Ungvar Jesuit College. The Humenne-Ungvar College of the Society of Jesus was a typical institution of humanistic education (studia humanitatis). The establishment of the college had its own political, religious, and moral tasks. Slowing down the pace of the Reformation in the northeastern outskirts of Hungary, the Catholic Church, through the Jesuits, and thanks to the patronage of the Drugets, spread education, knowledge, culture, and more. The universal model of Jesuit schools provided European education in the northeastern counties of Hungary. The social openness and religious tolerance of the Jesuit schools opened doors for the education of children with different statuse and confessions of the region. In 1773 the Pope dissolved the Jesuit order, and educational institutions were reorganized. The Uzhhorod College was transformed into a gymnasium, which continued the educational traditions of Jesuit schooling in the region.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"351 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TRANSCARPATHIA IN THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATIONS OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY NAMED AFTER TARAS SHEVCHENKO (END OF THE 19TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY) 以塔拉斯-舍甫琴科命名的科学协会科学探索中的外喀尔巴阡(19 世纪末 20 世纪初)
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305627
Nelia Svitlyk
{"title":"TRANSCARPATHIA IN THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATIONS OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY NAMED AFTER TARAS SHEVCHENKO (END OF THE 19TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY)","authors":"Nelia Svitlyk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305627","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the problem of the location and role of Transcarpathia in the scientific research of the Scientific Society named after Taras Shevchenko, the first scientific institution of all-Ukrainian importance. The purpose of the article is to analyze the process of formation of Transcarpathian studies in the scientific work of the society, the organization of publishing activities, and the establishment of the book trade. The society's primary goal in involving Carpatho-Ukrainians in scientific work is also traced. The belief that the idea of transferring Ukrainophile views to the region's territory lay at the heart of the study of Transcarpathia by members of the National Academy of Sciences. Scientific Society, named after Taras Shevchenko, as an institution with a distinct Ukrainian position, took care of preserving the Ukrainian nation at a time when it was impossible to shape it politically. The article analyzes how this instruction of the NTSh was transferred to Transcarpathian soil. The article clarifies the peculiarities of the cooperation of the National Technical University with Transcarpathian scientists. It is emphasized that the content of this cooperation was based on establishing, first of all, personal contacts between members of the NTSh and the regional intelligentsia. The study is based on the cultural and scientific relations between the most active researchers of Transcarpathia, V. Hnatyuk, I. Franko, S. Tomashivskyi and their local respondents - Y. Zhatkovich, Y. Stavrovskyi, G. Stripskyi. Based on the study of archival material and private correspondence, the main principles of relations and the main obstacles to the involvement of Transcarpathia in the common Ukrainian identity were established. The article also presents views on the importance and possibilities of such cooperation. The article also summarizes some conclusions on the issue of Transcarpathia's place in the scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences and its social and cultural work.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"26 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHIVAL CRIMINAL CASE OF VASYL FEDAK 瓦西里-费达克刑事案件档案分析
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305686
V. Mishchanyn, Rostyslav Balashov
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHIVAL CRIMINAL CASE OF VASYL FEDAK","authors":"V. Mishchanyn, Rostyslav Balashov","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305686","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the archival and criminal case of Vasyl Fedak. Vasyl Fedak, living in Transcarpathia, experienced the politics and rules of many states and regimes at his age. He was born in 1911 in Austria-Hungary. He received his education, from primary to higher education, in Czechoslovakia. There, he completed his military service, obtaining the military rank of lieutenant. At this time, his interests are sports and sports journalism. During the Carpathian Ukraine (1938-1939) period, V. Fedak moved to Khust, where he ran a sports column in the government newspaper \"Nova Svoboda\". During the Hungarian occupation, he worked as a teacher in the village of Sokyrnytsia. Later, he was mobilized as an officer in the Hungarian army. With the arrival of the Soviet troops, Vasyl Fedak was elected secretary of the people's committee in the village of Sokyrnytsia, a delegate of the First Congress of National Committees of Transcarpathian Ukraine. In May 1945, he was appointed chairman of the Committee for Physical Education and Sports at the National Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine. Here, he is actively involved in the development of sports in the region. For less than a year, he worked as the head of the physical education and sports committee in the conditions of the Transcarpathian region (created in January 1946). In December 1946, he was dismissed from his leadership position. In October 1948, he was arrested by the MGB authorities. He spent seven years, one month and seven days in the camps. It wasn't easy to have a career after returning. He barely managed to get a job as a coach and, later, a physical education instructor. V. Fedak died in independent Ukraine - October 25, 1991. He left behind his life's work - the monograph \"Transcarpathia in a Sports Dimension\" published posthumously in 1994. Investigating the criminal case, we tried to understand its organization, conduct, work of the investigator (investigators), interrogation of witnesses, conduct of face-to-face bets, etc. All this is important because in just a little more than two months (from October 12 to December 9, 1948), the documents of the investigative department in the case number 205 sheets. Another 32 sheets are materials of the prosecutor's office and the court, 40 sheets on the review of the case in 1951-1955 and 8 sheets of documents with materials related to the rehabilitation of V. Fedak in 1991-1992. V. Fedak was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He was declared a resident of Hungarian counter-intelligence, \"education of youth in the fascist spirit\", participated in battles against the Red Army and made speeches against the reunification of Transcarpathia with Soviet Ukraine. In 1954, his term was reduced to 10 years. At the end of November 1955, he was released from custody. He was rehabilitated on February 20, 1992, with the wording that Fedak Vasyl is subject to Article I of the Law of Ukraine, \"On Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression in Ukraine,\" A","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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