Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History最新文献

{"title":"LABOUR MOBILIZATION OF THE POPULATION OF GALICIA DISTRICT DURING THE YEARS OF GERMAN OCCUPATION (1941 – 1944) (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE PRINTED EDITION «VOLYA POKUTTYA»)","authors":"Volodymyr Mosora","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304826","url":null,"abstract":"he article analyzes information from the \"Volya Pokuttya\" publication, which shows the implementation of the Nazi policy regarding the labour mobilization of the population of the Halychyna district and sending them to work in Germany during 1941 – 1944. Data is provided on the activities of specific organizations that dealt with the affairs of forced labourers and operated on the territory Reich (UCC and NFP). The speeches of the heads of the German occupation administration of Galicia (L. Marenbach, G. Frank, O. Bauer, O. Vechter) and the figures of the Ukrainian Central Committee (V. Kubiyovych, K. Pankivskyi) about the elements of propaganda published on the pages of \"Volya Pokuttya\" publication were analyzed good life\" of workers in Germany. The principal orders and announcements of the Nazi authorities and their controlled organizations to Galician workers working in Germany are given. Articles from the newspaper \"Volya Pokuttya\" about the auxiliary actions of the UCC and relevant organizations of material assistance to workers working at enterprises in Germany are highlighted separately. Detailed information on the structure of the German Labor Front (NFP), whose main task was to protect the workers of the Third Reich, is provided. The work examines the characteristic features of the writing of propaganda publications by the Nazi occupation authorities on the pages of the \"Volya Pokuttya\" publication, the purpose of which was to convince the local population of the importance and expediency of visiting Germany. Information is also provided about the publication of letters from workers, which were used by the German authorities to promote voluntary visits to the German population, in the newspaper columns. The work also analyses published articles devoted to the departure of workers from the region of Galicia, in which the number and date of trains sent to Germany are indicated. A comprehensive analysis of the publications of the \"Volya Pokuttya\" newspaper on topics that reflected the labour mobilization of workers was carried out.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"23 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CATECHISMS AT THE MUKACHEVO EPARCHY PARISHES IN THE 18TH CENTURY","authors":"Mykhailo Tupytsia","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304808","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the spread of catechisms that were in use in the parishes of the Mukachevo eparchy in the 18th century. Catechisms were used to spread the central «truths of faith» in the confessional era in Europe. Several catechetical publications are known in the book culture of the Mukachevo Eparchy of the 18th century. Chief among them as of the first half of the 18th century were the catechisms of Joseph de Camelis and George Gennadius Bizantsius. In addition to these catechisms, the visitation data also mentions the catechism of Laszlo Barany. Each edition reflects a particular model of confessional disciplining and is an element of a broader program of formation of confessional identity by the higher hierarchy. Previous studies on the history of the Mukachevo Eparchy did not pay attention to the importance of catechetical issues for religious communities. Researchers have paid little attention to the distribution of catechisms, although some works analyse the content and sources of their texts. Central studies are devoted to the catechisms of Joseph de Camelis and Laszlo Barany. Meanwhile, the Catechism of George Gennadius Bizantsius has mainly been ignored in historiography. To characterise the spread of catechisms on the territory of the Mukachevo Eparchy, visitation protocols, some acts and epistolary sources were analysed. Special attention is focused on identifying entries in visitation protocols. The entries \"casus\", \"casisticum\", \"liber casisticum\", and the like are preserved in large numbers in the visitation protocols. These entries illustrate the folk name \"casus\" in relation to the catechism of Lev Kyshka and George Gennadius Bizantsius, which were used on both sides of the Carpathian Mountains. The main content features of each catechism are briefly described. During the study, I managed to process the surviving copies of the Bizantsius and de Camelis catechisms. This article briefly describes the key content features of each catechism. Additionally, the article presents, for the first time, the distribution of George Gennadius Byzantius' catechism in the parishes. This edition's distribution enables us to affirm the obligation to adopt the resolutions of the Zamość Council in the territory of the Mukachevo eparchy.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"24 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONALISM PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Platon Soia, Oleksandr Demianchuk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305454","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the institutional nature of the transformation processes of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) from the inception of this policy in 1957 up to now. The paper focuses on the interdependence of historical and sociological institutionalism in the context of CAP research. The authors propose their own methodology to reflect the multifaceted aspects of CAP transformation, which allows them to explain the interdependence. For a more thorough explanation of the position, the theoretical foundations on which the further analysis of transformation processes is based are described. First, the theoretical framework of the chosen tools of historical institutionalism is outlined, and the main concepts used in the paper are clarified. It was also characterized as the theoretical ground of sociological institutionalism, on which the analysis of the value dimension is based. Moving to the practical plane, the key events that led to the transformation of this policy and increased the dependence between the two approaches were analyzed step by step. With the help of historical institutionalism, it is proven that this policy did not have far-reaching goals but was created only to address short-term objectives. Since the European integration process took a long time, the initial shortcomings of the CAP began to manifest themselves in the long run. In turn, the imperfect institutional environment and various interest groups did not allow for quick and effective correction of the existing problems, which led to the gradual \"petrification\" of the CAP. After a certain period, European values began to crystallize, which had a direct impact on the further formation of the CAP. The use of sociological institutionalism allowed us to demonstrate the significant impact of the value dimension on the transformation of the CAP. The use of value aspects provided additional legitimization to the \"petrified\" policy in the new political environment while leaving the core of the CAP unchanged. The CAP continues to be a problematic issue in European politics. The recent events on the Ukrainian-Polish border are evidence of the imperfection of the CAP, which requires further changes to meet not only the economic but also the social interests of EU citizens.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"29 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETHNOSIS AND RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE DURING THE FORMATION OF THE GERMAN NATION","authors":"E. Bevzyuk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305240","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of intensification of national processes, the interest of the intellectual community in the phenomenon of dialogue between ethnic groups and titular nations became more urgent. The history of the smallest Slavic nation, the Lusatian Serbs, is an example of how ethnicity and religious confessional specificity were closely intertwined in the modern period. At the same time, although the identity of the Lusatian communities remained important for the content of the process of their revival, they did not fronde but continued to be incorporated into the national process that took place in Germany in the first half of the 19th century. The purpose of the publication is to investigate the positives of confessional dialogue (Protestants, Catholics) in the context of a unique case of ethnic preservation of the relic Lusatian ethnos. Summarizing, the author notes the practical side of the emergence of spiritual conformity between various religious Lusatian communities, which also did not hinder the process of further revival of the Lusatians. Thus, conformism between representatives of various religious elites and secular intellectuals reduced the threat of the final dissolution of Lusatian identity in the German environment. For Lusatians, religion became an important marker that distinguished communities from each other and, over time, began to perform even non-religious functions. At the same time, it should be recognized that the confessional confrontation, although it had a practical side, at the same time, did not establish a tradition of antagonism between the bearers of two types of ethnic-confessional consciousness. The confrontation of the two Christian currents in practice did not exclude the cultural dialogue between the communities of different Lusatian regions, and in some cases, the elite of different confessions even jointly contributed to the cultural emancipation of the ethnos.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MOTIVE OF WITCH IDENTIFICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CALENDAR RITUALS TRADITION OF TRANSCARPATHIAN DOLINIANS","authors":"Halyna Reitii","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.305705","url":null,"abstract":"Among the various characters of folk demonology, the witch (boszorkány) is one of those popular mythological images. Beliefs and discoveries about her remain rather widespread among Ukrainians these days. Many such beliefs have been preserved in the areas where the ethnographic group of Transcarpathia Dolinians lived. This problem is little studied and requires further research.This thesis is justified by the fact that the outlined problem is usually a constituent part of broader topics - folk demonology and calendar rituals, that is, our question is usually investigated in these contexts in a fragmentary manner. The article, based on the published sources and materials of field works, dwells upon the mythological and ritual expression of the demonological motive of witch (boszorkány) identification in the calendar tradition of the Transcarpathian Dolinians. It shows distribution, preservation, ethnic and local features of folk beliefs and magic practices related to the traditional ideas about the methods of exposure and neutralization of witchcraft bearers and their acts of enchantment. It views the main functions of this character of the folk demonimicon of the ethnographic group of Transcarpathian Dolinians within the structure of the greatest Christian holidays on the folk calendar: Christmas Eve (Christmas Day), Easter, Annunciation, Saint George’s Day, Trinity (Green week), Kupala’s Night, etc. It traces the activation periods of a witch’s behavior according to the time of the day, and moon’s phases on the available information based. Based on field research author discovers a complex of different ways to see the witch in the church, they are indicated by original local features. The practical value of the obtained results consists in the fact that the factual information can be used for the preparation of summarizing papers on folk demonology, worldview beliefs, calendar ritualism of the Transcarpathian Dolinians and Ukrainians as a whole. Also, this topic can be incorporated into the development of separate aspects and problems of ethnologic science.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTABLISHMENT AND ACTIVITIES OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK RED CROSS IN SUBCARPATHIAN RUS IN THE 20TH OF THE XX CENTURY","authors":"L. Pavlyshyn","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(50).2024.304819","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze the formation and activity of the representative office (Division) of the Czechoslovak Red Cross in Subcarpathian Rus during the period of its formation and structural strengthening - 1920-1929. On September 10, 1919, a large part of the territory of the present Transcarpathian region of Ukraine was annexed to the Czechoslovak Republic and was part of it until 1939 under the name of Subcarpathian Rus. During the period of the region's stay as part of the Czechoslovak state, radical changes took place in many spheres of social life, in particular in the sphere of health care. In the first years of the existence of the young Czechoslovak state, the situation in the social and medical spheres was quite difficult. The worst situation with the organization of medical institutions was observed in Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus. On February 10, 1920, the Abstract of the Ministry of Social Care for Subcarpathian Rus was formed in Uzhhorod with the aim of solving priority social issues in the most remote region of the republic. However, state programs could not always cover all the needs of the population of the region, especially in mountainous areas. Therefore, almost immediately after the accession of Subcarpathian Rus to the Czechoslovak Republic, the Czechoslovak Red Cross began its activities on the territory of the region. This charitable public institution intervened in those areas that the government's social policy did not reach adequately or only to a limited extent. Initially, the organization's activities focused on attracting foreign missions whose task was to provide urgent humanitarian aid to the affected population. Already in 1920, a separate Division of the Czechoslovak Red Cross was formed for Subcarpathian Rus, with its centre in Mukachevo. Its first manager was a local Doctor of Medicine Bohuslav Albert. The structure of the Czechoslovak Red Cross in Subcarpathian Rus was modelled on other regions of the republic and was quite extensive by 1922. Functionally, the Division's institutions were divided into medical, social and organizational. The Division's office was located in Mukachevo, and local branches were created in other towns and villages in the region. A separate organizational unit of the Division was the representation of the youth wing of the Czechoslovak Red Cross, the so-called «Dorost» (Youth). Since 1922, its centres have been formed at primary and secondary educational institutions in the region. Among the medical institutions that operated within the structure of the Division, it is worth noting dispensaries, consultations (so-called «poradny») for mothers and children, boarding schools, orphanages and children's colonies. The analyzed material gives reasons to claim that the activities of the Czechoslovak Red Cross were not only aimed at providing essential one-time medical assistance to the population. Her social projects had different directions and terms of implementation. In parti","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST PARTY IN 1948","authors":"Pavel Marek","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290496","url":null,"abstract":"The Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, which changed its name several times over the years and whose legacy is currently claimed by the Czech National Social Party as a successor organization, is one of the oldest traditional Czech political parties. It was established in 1897 in the period of political differentiation of Czech society with the ambition of becoming an association of Czech workers, the organization of which until then had been the focus of the international Social Democratic Party. Eventually, it profiled itself as the party of the lower middle classes, with a nationalistically formulated programme of defending the ideas of democracy, social equality and justice that was aligned with the vision of creating a reformist Czech national socialism. By tradition, it was opposed to Marxism, communism and any kind of totalitarianism, and, after 1918, participated in the building of a democratic Czechoslovak Republic. It defended these policy postulates even after the end of the Second World War, when, in a heavily reduced, centre-left party-political system identified with the concept of the National Front, it profiled itself as the most consistent opponent of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). While the Communist policy aimed at a complete takeover of power with the objective of the revolutionary transformation of Czech and Slovak society and the building of socialism and communism, the National Socialists unequivocally rejected this concept and aimed at a vision of a national, democratic and socially just state. The clash of these contradictory ideas about the future, which was not specific only to Czechoslovakia, but was related to the formation of the bipolar order of the world and Europe after the Second World War, and the fact that Czechoslovakia found itself in the Soviet sphere of influence, was reflected in the emergence and resolution of the government crisis of Gottwald’s cabinet in February 1948. The KSČ used this case for a coup d’état. It established the dictatorship of the proletariat in Czechoslovakia, liquidated the democratic political system and replaced it with a totalitarian one, and in line with Moscow’s intentions, it began a revolutionary transformation of society with the aim of building socialism. The February Communist coup also had a major impact on political parties, particularly the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party. The Communists, with the help of turncoats and careerists covered by Communist State Security, dismantled that party and began to actually build a new political party from its ruins under the name of the Czechoslovak Socialist Party. In terms of its policy statement, the party identified itself with the visions of the Communists, who made it a shadow organization collaborating with the regime until 1989. This study reflects the circumstances behind the formation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Party in 1948, with a focus on the formation of the party leadership and party elite. Pe","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"123 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FRANCISCAN MISSION IN HALYC IN THE 13TH CENTURY: HISTORY AND LEGEND","authors":"Andrii Stasiuk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290240","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the issue of the possibility of establishing a Franciscan mission in Halych, one of the capital centers of the state of the Romanovychi dynasty in the 13th century. The outlined issues are somewhat indirectly presented in the historiography, as well as little reflected in contemporary sources. At the same time, the Minorite historical tradition, based on an uncritical reading of the sources, dates the appearance of the Friars Minor in Halych to 1238, linking the foundation of the convent with the person of the Kraków prince Bolesław the Shy. Many other Franciscan legends about the arrival of the Minorites in Rus' in general and Lviv in particular also define the 13th century as the time of the beginning of missionary work here. While analyzing the political and religious circumstances during the 13th century, it should be noted that despite the activity and stability of the contacts of various ruling princely and royal dynasties in Halych with the Roman Curia, there is still no direct confirmation of the functioning of the Franciscan mission here. At the same time, the socio-economic, cultural, and political-religious ties of medieval Halych with the countries of Latin Europe are well represented, both in written and archaeological sources. Therefore, it is pretty likely that in the capital center of the Galician land, there were separate missionary centers for followers of the Latin rite. Mainly among them, merchants, groups of burghers (perhaps the German community), and mercenary knighthood, who needed the spiritual protection of the Catholic Church, should be singled out. It is possible that in the 13th century, along with other missionary clergy, the Franciscans were also involved in this process.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"138 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE SLOVAK FACTOR ON THE EVENTS OF AUGUST 1968 IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA","authors":"Ihor Shnitser","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290510","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the influence of the Slovak factor on the events of August 1968 in Czechoslovakia, when the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries were introduced to the country in order to curtail the democratic reforms of the \"Prague Spring\". The lower chronological limit of the study is dictated by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia on the night of August 20–21, 1968. The lower chronological limit of the study is dictated by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia on the night of August 20–21, 1968. The upper chronological limit of the article is determined by the completion of the work of the Congress of the Communist Party of Slovakia, which, not recognizing the results of the Extraordinary XIV Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, destroyed Czechoslovak unity in the political confrontation with the Soviet Union and laid the foundations for the \"normalization\" regime. The research methodology in this article is based on the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematics. The author used such special-historical methods as historical-comparative, problem-chronological, historiographical analysis, etc. The article found that the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries in August 1968 stopped the process of federalization of the country. The USSR, having achieved its military goals in Czechoslovakia, suffered a political defeat because it failed to achieve the transfer of power in the country to the hands of pro-Kremlin politicians. This was evidenced by the reaction of the authorities and society to the presence of foreign troops in the Czechoslovak SSR and the results of the work of the Extraordinary General Assembly of the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine. The author found out that in order to \"normalize\" the situation in the Czechoslovak SSR, during the Moscow negotiations with representatives of the Czechoslovak authorities in August 1968, the USSR used the desire of Slovaks for equality in its own interests and promised support in the issue of the future state-legal system. As a result, the \"father of the federation\" G. Husak, who was present at the negotiations, pragmatically changed course and became a supporter of L. Brezhnev, thus destroying the unity of the Czechoslovak authorities in their views on the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries and its consequences. In the interests of the USSR, G. Husak prevented Slovak communists from supporting the decisions of the Extraordinary Central Committee of the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine at the Bratislava congress and, as the head of the party, actively participated in the \"normalization\" of the situation in Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1968. As a result, the process of federalization of Czechoslovakia, despite the gradual collapse of democratic reforms of t","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"122 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS OF MALY GALAGOV IN UZHHOROD 1919 – 1938.","authors":"Nadiya Keretsman, L. Degtyaryova","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290286","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the history of the construction of administrative buildings in the new Maly Galagov quarter of Uzhhorod by the government of the Czechoslovakia Republic during the years 1919–1938. After the incorporation of Subcarpathian Rus into the republic in 1919, the question arose regarding developing the region's capital to become autonomous. Numerous officials and experts from various levels, mainly from the Czech lands, arrived in Uzhhorod to organize the administrative apparatus. The city's infrastructure, including administrative buildings, could not accommodate the newly arrived officials. The existing buildings did not meet modern standards or the capacity required for the city's prospective growth. This prompted the central government to consider the construction of ministry branches and other government buildings within tight deadlines. For this purpose, a non-urbanized territory was selected, which required preliminary preparation for the beginning of construction works. Accordingly, building design was carried out in parallel with constructing other objects and laying roads and municipal communications. As a result, by 1938, eleven administrative and other ministry buildings were erected, which are the subject of this research. The basis for the paper is the materials from the State Archives of the Zakarpattia Region in Berehove, particularly Fund No. 21, «Regional Administration of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Uzhhorod.» The paper is also supplemented by comparing the situation in the architecture of administrative buildings in the republic's cities, such as Prague, Bratislava, and others, based on information from contemporary and modern sources and literature. The paper includes an analysis of the features of anti-crisis, urban planning, and technical solutions. In this context, the issue of stylistics is not overlooked as one of the factors of state policy identity. Through architecture and urban planning, the vectors and priorities set by the Czechoslovak Republic in the multi-ethnic region, which was then Subcarpathian Ruthenia with its capital in Uzhhorod, can be traced. The article presents material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Research into the history of the construction of administrative buildings in Uzhhorod during the interwar period will help outline this issue and provide a basis for research on each highlighted object.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"62 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}