1944 - 1946年间德国人从喀尔巴阡山脉被驱逐出境:原因、过程和后果

V. Mishchanyn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

第一批德国殖民者出现在12世纪和15世纪,在十八世纪和十九世纪,德国殖民者在该地区的各个地方定居,人数最多。他们大多是农民、木材、木材工业、采矿和盐矿的专家、建筑行业的代表。据估计,在第二次世界大战之前,大约有一万七千至一万八千名德国殖民者居住在这里。但是,在第二次世界大战的最后阶段,喀尔巴阡山脉外的德国人的命运发生了巨大的变化。随着喀尔巴阡沿岸红军的解放(1944年10月28日)和《喀尔巴阡沿岸乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国统一宣言》的通过(1944年11月26日),严重的人口变化开始在这个国家发生。1944年11月24日,内务人民委员部的特别代表到达了喀尔巴阡山脉外的乌克兰,他们的任务是完成16至50岁德国人口的统计。这使得执政的乌克兰喀尔巴阡人民委员会没收了所有被驱逐的德国人的财产。1944年至1945年间,第一波驱逐行动继续在喀尔巴阡山脉外的乌克兰进行,在1945年6月29日签署协议之前,乌克兰在法律上是捷克斯洛伐克的一部分。然后215人被驱逐出境。第二波驱逐发生在扎卡尔帕蒂亚州(成立于1946年1月22日)——苏联行政单位的组成部分。根据1946年1月15日内务人民委员会关于大规模驱逐德籍外喀尔巴阡人的决议,驱逐对象是那些“在德国占领匈牙利期间最妥协的人”。1946年,2000名跨喀尔巴阡山脉的德国人被带到西伯利亚。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DEPORTATIONS OF GERMAN POPULATION FROM TRANSCARPATHIA IN 1944 – 1946 YEARS: CAUSES, COURSE, CONSEQUENCES
The first German colonists in Transcarpathia appear in the twelfth and fifteenth centuries and the largest number of German settlers settled in various parts of the region in the XVIII – XIX centuries. They were mostly farmers, specialists for timber, timber industries, mining and salt deposits, representatives of the construction trades. It is estimated that before the Second World War there lived about 17 – 18 thousand of German colonists. But the fate of the German population of Transcarpathia changed dramatically on the final stage of World War II. Serious demographic changes begin in the country with the liberation of the Transcarpathia Red Army (on October 28, 1944) and by the adoption of the Manifesto on reunification of the Transcarpathian Ukraine SSR (on November 26, 1944). Already on November 24, 1944 arrived in the Transcarpathian Ukraine special representatives of the NKVD had a task to complete account of the entire German population aged 16 to 50 years. This contributed to the ruling People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine the confiscation of all property evicted Germans. The first wave of deportations continued in 1944 – 1945 years in terms of Transcarpathian Ukraine, which before signing the agreement on June 29, 1945 was legally a part of Czechoslovakia. Then 215 people were deported. The second wave of deportations took place in conditions of Zakarpattya Oblast (established on January 22, 1946) – component of the administrative unit of the USSR. According to the Resolution of the NKVD on January 15, 1946 about the mass deportation of Transcarpathia of German nationality, the subject to eviction were those, who "the most compromised themselves during the German occupation of Hungary." During 1946 two thousand Transcarpathian Germans were taken to Siberia.
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