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Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest最新文献

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An automatic procedure for a calibration of a network analyzer 一个网络分析仪的自动校准程序
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333422
H. Krekels, B. Schiek
{"title":"An automatic procedure for a calibration of a network analyzer","authors":"H. Krekels, B. Schiek","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333422","url":null,"abstract":"An automatically controlled calibration procedure will be presented which is based on a virtual transformation of calibration standards. The basic element is a switching network added to the network analyzer. This network is a part of the analyzer, so it will not be removed after the calibration has been finished. It is not necessary to know the characteristics of the single switching states. Compared with commercially available procedures the expense of the new calibration technique is decreased.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Uncertainty evaluation of the PTB primary clocks CS3 and CS4 PTB主时钟CS3和CS4的不确定度评估
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333419
A. Bauch, B. Fischer, T. Heindorff, R. Schroder
{"title":"Uncertainty evaluation of the PTB primary clocks CS3 and CS4","authors":"A. Bauch, B. Fischer, T. Heindorff, R. Schroder","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333419","url":null,"abstract":"At the PTB two primary cesium atomic clocks with a vertical atomic beam were constructed and put into operation during the last years. The contributions to the total uncertainty traditionally considered as being of relevance were determined. The observation of the clock data however, has revealed changes in the mean frequency slightly larger than the combined uncertainty of the clocks. This dilemma makes refined studies inevitable.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130487670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of the InGaAs detector to be used as a radiometric transfer etalon 用作辐射传递标准子的InGaAs探测器的表征
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333219
J. Dubard, F. Gauthier, A. Fortas
{"title":"Characterization of the InGaAs detector to be used as a radiometric transfer etalon","authors":"J. Dubard, F. Gauthier, A. Fortas","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333219","url":null,"abstract":"Large area InGaAs detectors are characterized by spectral sensitivity, spatial uniformity and shunt resistance, in order to determine their abilities to be used as transfer etalons in place of germanium detectors for power measurements in fiber optics field. The paper shows the initial measurements on a 5 mm-diameter InGaAs detector prior to an ageing process which will be monitored with a six months measurement cycling period. The measurements show a kink in the spectral sensitivity curve at 1650 nm, far away from the 1550 nm region, a good spatial uniformity at 850 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm, and a shunt resistance of 35 k/spl Omega/ at room temperature.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127645999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of photoreceivers used in lightwave instrumentation 光波仪器中光电接收器的特性
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333199
M. Mcclendon
{"title":"Characterization of photoreceivers used in lightwave instrumentation","authors":"M. Mcclendon","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333199","url":null,"abstract":"\"Photoreceiver\" is a general term describing a photodiode and associated control and processing electronics, used for optical-to-electrical conversion. Photoreceivers take the form of power meters, optical spectrum analyzers, telecommunication receiving systems, and many other instruments. Numerous specialized tests exist for photoreceivers, but this paper discusses five fundamental tests with broad applicability. These tests are spectral responsivity, dynamic accuracy, packaging structure, frequency responsivity, and polarization sensitivity. Emphasis is on procedures likely to be used for fiberoptic telecommunication test instruments, using standards obtained from NIST.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128806009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The proposed use of GPS to provide the frequency traceability for a Josephson Array Voltage Standard 建议使用GPS为约瑟夫森阵列电压标准提供频率可追溯性
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333454
E. Marais
{"title":"The proposed use of GPS to provide the frequency traceability for a Josephson Array Voltage Standard","authors":"E. Marais","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333454","url":null,"abstract":"A Josephson Array Voltage Standard (JAVS) has been established at the National Metrology Laboratory (NML) in South Africa, with the assistance of NIST and the PTB. We are currently working on what we believe to be the first use of the global positioning system (GPS) to provide direct frequency traceability for a JAVS.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125513388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Proposal of up-to-date standards on methods of measuring noise in linear two-ports 关于线性双端口噪声测量方法的最新标准建议
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333208
G. Martines, M. Sannino
{"title":"Proposal of up-to-date standards on methods of measuring noise in linear two-ports","authors":"G. Martines, M. Sannino","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333208","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most interesting topics for microwave community is the characterization of low-noise transistors. After so many years, the standards suggested by IEEE in 1960 are considered obsolete by the experimenters. A new methodology is proposed here as a standard. To support this proposal, an original measuring system for the complete characterization of microwave transistors in terms of noise, gain and scattering parameters from noise figure measurements only is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125552998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A high-temperature superconductor cryogenic current comparator 高温超导体低温电流比较器
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333415
R. Elmquist, R. Dziuba
{"title":"A high-temperature superconductor cryogenic current comparator","authors":"R. Elmquist, R. Dziuba","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333415","url":null,"abstract":"NIST is developing a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) to operate at 77 K, using high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ceramic shields and a HTS-based superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detector. HTS shielding at low magnetic field levels is probably sufficient for high accuracy measurements. Unshielded sections of the ratio windings may produce a significant error.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123044601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Automated calibration methods for a high-voltage Park divider 高压派克分压器的自动校准方法
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333388
T. Su, I. Chen, S. H. Tsao
{"title":"Automated calibration methods for a high-voltage Park divider","authors":"T. Su, I. Chen, S. H. Tsao","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333388","url":null,"abstract":"We describe two new methods of calibrating a 100-kV Park divider, fitted with N/10 taps. They prescribed a series of automated measurements using (i) a digital conductance comparator, and (ii) a set of full-bridge circuits configurable entirely from the divider sections. Self-heating effects were studied systematically under PC control. Preliminary measurements determined the 1/10 ratio to /spl plusmn/25 ppm.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122217724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Microcalorimetric measurement of the effective efficiency of microwave power sensors comprising thermocouples 热电偶组成的微波功率传感器有效效率的微热测量
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333409
E. Vollmer, J. Ruhaak, D. Janik, W. Peinelt, W. Butz, U. Stumper
{"title":"Microcalorimetric measurement of the effective efficiency of microwave power sensors comprising thermocouples","authors":"E. Vollmer, J. Ruhaak, D. Janik, W. Peinelt, W. Butz, U. Stumper","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333409","url":null,"abstract":"A new method to calibrate thermoelectric power sensors is established and investigated, where the effective efficiency is directly determined in a microcalorimeter. A commercially available power-thermovoltage converter (power sensor) without any electronics is used. The results show good agreement with results obtained by comparing the sensor with a calibrated thermistor mount, and smaller uncertainties.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Very-high Q microwave resonances in trapped /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions: application as a microwave frequency standard 捕获/sup 171/Yb/sup +/离子中的高Q微波共振:作为微波频率标准的应用
Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest Pub Date : 1994-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1994.333303
P. Fisk, M. Lawn, C. Coles, A. Mann, D.G. Blair
{"title":"Very-high Q microwave resonances in trapped /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions: application as a microwave frequency standard","authors":"P. Fisk, M. Lawn, C. Coles, A. Mann, D.G. Blair","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1994.333303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1994.333303","url":null,"abstract":"The 12.6 GHz microwave resonance in /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions confined in a linear Paul trap is interrogated using a cryogenic sapphire resonator-based microwave source. Line Q factors of up to 1.1/spl times/10/sup 13/ have been observed. We report on the performance of the ion trap-sapphire resonator system as a prototype 12.6 GHz frequency standard.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":388647,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125231151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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