Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society最新文献_第2页

What Role Does Regulation Play in Responsible Innovation of Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture? Insights and Framings from U.S. Stakeholders 监管在负责任的粮食和农业纳米技术创新中扮演什么角色?来自美国利益相关者的见解和框架

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221102066

Ashton W. Merck, K. Grieger, Maude Cuchiara, J. Kuzma

{"title":"What Role Does Regulation Play in Responsible Innovation of Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture? Insights and Framings from U.S. Stakeholders","authors":"Ashton W. Merck, K. Grieger, Maude Cuchiara, J. Kuzma","doi":"10.1177/02704676221102066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221102066","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, market regulation has played an important role in shaping the trajectory of scientific and technological innovation in food and agriculture. However, regulators’ traditional focus on safety and efficacy may be insufficient to address more complex ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of novel products, such as the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in food and agriculture (nano-agrifoods). One solution might be to implement the principles of responsible innovation (RI) to challenge innovators and policymakers to better anticipate risks further upstream and be responsive to societal desires and concerns, although substantial barriers to implementation persist. This paper presents stakeholder views on the relationship between regulation and RI in nano-agrifoods based on a broader U.S. stakeholder engagement study conducted in the fall of 2020. We found that participants raised key issues that incorporated all 4 pillars of RI (anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity, responsiveness). We also found that participants’ attitudes about the relationship between regulation and innovation informed their recommendations about the relationship between regulation and RI. These attitudes are represented in a spectrum of views, ranging from “regulation as barrier” to “regulation as driver” of innovation. We further identified implications for how each attitude might be used to operationalize RI in regulatory systems. Overall, these results suggest that just as regulation drove key innovations in the twentieth century, regulation may still have a role to play in helping to promote RI of nano-agrifoods in the twenty-first.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"85 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Patient Perspective of Telemedicine in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. 新冠肺炎大流行背景下远程医疗的患者视角

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221094735

G Altinisik Ergur, S Nuhoglu, C Cobanoglu, M Sengul, N Eryildiz, A Ergur

{"title":"The Patient Perspective of Telemedicine in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"G Altinisik Ergur, S Nuhoglu, C Cobanoglu, M Sengul, N Eryildiz, A Ergur","doi":"10.1177/02704676221094735","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02704676221094735","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 Pandemic might be considered as a catalyst for transformation in healthcare experience via the use of video consultation as a method for telemedicine. The aim of our qualitative study is to understand the patient perception of video consultations in telemedicine, which has been used by a single pulmonologist in only one university hospital in Turkey since the first three months of the pandemic. Research findings are essential when it comes to a more effective and widespread future use of telemedicine, as it focuses on patient experience about a medical technology that is newly introduced. Totally 30 patients were randomly chosen and interviewed who get healthcare support via telemedicine. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to learn the experiences and opinions of the interviewees. The expressions of the patients highlight some advantages of using telemedicine such as being free from risk of contagion caused by exposure in the hospital, being able to save time and money while reaching to the physician online whenever needed, and success in technical details even though they were experiencing it for the first time. A very few of the patients are feeling discomfort to be in front of the screen. Almost all patients are applicants to suggest to other individuals the system they used, in conditions to be appropriate, and continuity after the pandemic period. Since the pandemic has propagated from one patient, the worldwide implementation of telemedicine might be catalyzed by following in the footsteps of the sporadic examples of decisiveness nourished from patient experiences.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41477031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Older People's Use of Digital Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 新冠肺炎大流行期间老年人对数字技术的使用

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221094731

Andrew Sixsmith, Becky R Horst, Dorina Simeonov, Alex Mihailidis

{"title":"Older People's Use of Digital Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Andrew Sixsmith, Becky R Horst, Dorina Simeonov, Alex Mihailidis","doi":"10.1177/02704676221094731","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02704676221094731","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on the lives of everyone, but in particular on the health and well-being of older people. It has also disrupted the way that individuals access services and interact with one another, and physical distancing and \"Stay at Home\" orders have seen digital interaction become a necessity. While these restrictions have highlighted the importance of technology in everyday life, little is known about how older adults have responded to this change. Methods: Two surveys, one in 2019 and another in 2020 collected data on a combined total of 1923 older adults aged 65 years and older in Canada. These looked at how older adults think about and use technology, with the 2020 survey additionally questioning how COVID-19 has impacted their use and attitudes towards technology. Results: While older adults feel more isolated in 2020, many feel positive about the benefits of technology and have increased technology use during the pandemic to support their health, wellness, and communication needs. Discussion: The results highlight the potential of technology for supporting older adults in various aspects of healthy aging. While these results point to the opportunities afforded by technology, challenges remain, such as how social and economic factors influence technology uptake.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9038938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Exploratory Investigation on Exposure, Perception and Patterns of Usage of Digital Technology among Children in a North Indian City 印度北部城市儿童数字技术暴露、感知和使用模式的探索性调查

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221104384

Madhvi Tripathi, S. Mishra

{"title":"An Exploratory Investigation on Exposure, Perception and Patterns of Usage of Digital Technology among Children in a North Indian City","authors":"Madhvi Tripathi, S. Mishra","doi":"10.1177/02704676221104384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221104384","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Digital technologies such as smartphones, tablets and laptops have become a mainstay part of nearly every household and are gradually being integrated into the lives of both adults and children. We aim to determine the extent of exposure and usage of digital technology by children in their daily activities and to understand the transition in technological preferences and attitudes over the generation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 children (both boys and girls) aged 05-12 years living in Prayagraj city of Uttar Pradesh, India, using a pretested interview schedule. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used for data analysis. The phenomenological method was used to understand respondents’ viewpoints about their preferences and attitudes related to technology. Results: An overwhelming majority of households have television (TV) followed by digital cameras, laptops, tablets, kindle and video games such as Playstation. Nearly half of children began to use digital devices from the age of 7 to 8 years. Nearly two-third of the children learnt to use digital devices on their own, and about 12% of them reported often practicing media multitasking. Over the generation, differences are noted in terms of possession, use and perception regarding digital technology. Conclusion: The availability of media content on such devices influences the screen time of children of all ages. The study underscores the importance of parental monitoring and devising a policy to regulate the ownership of digital devices and to reduce screen time to less than two hours per day, especially during early childhood.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"74 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49059257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

OCT Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Interface Integrity of Class V Composite Restorations after 36 to 48 Months. 36 至 48 个月后对 V 级复合树脂修复体边缘和内部界面完整性的 OCT 评估。

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.b2916433

Rainer Haak, Philip Schäfer, Bettina Hanßen, Dirk Ziebolz, Kyung Jin Park, Matthias Häfer, Gerhard Schmalz, Hartmut Schneider

{"title":"OCT Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Interface Integrity of Class V Composite Restorations after 36 to 48 Months.","authors":"Rainer Haak, Philip Schäfer, Bettina Hanßen, Dirk Ziebolz, Kyung Jin Park, Matthias Häfer, Gerhard Schmalz, Hartmut Schneider","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b2916433","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.b2916433","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare a self-etch and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive in terms of internal and marginal composite-tooth bond failure separately on enamel and dentin/cement at 36-48 months after restoration placement using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Materials and methods: Twenty-seven patients with two or three class V composite restorations of noncarious cervical lesions 36-48 months after placement were included. The one-step self-etch adhesive Futurabond M ([Voco] group SE, n = 25) and the two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Solobond M ([Voco] group ER, n = 20) combined with the nanohybrid composite Amaris (Voco) were evaluated. The four-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Syntac classic combined with Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar Vivadent) served as the control (n = 18). Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT, 1310-nm center wavelength) was applied. Marginal gaps and internal interfacial adhesive defects were quantified in cross-sectional OCT images. Groups were statistically compared using the Friedman/Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05).Results: In enamel, nonsignificantly different percentages of marginal gap formation and internal interfacial adhesive defects were found between the groups (pi ≥ 0.258). In dentin/cement, SE showed significantly less marginal gap formation compared to ER (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.001), and at the internal dentin-composite interface less adhesive defects were found compared to ER (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.003).Conclusion: The self-etch adhesive used in the current study appears recommendable for restoration of noncarious cervical lesions with composite.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87231605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential Mechanisms of COVID-19-related Intracranial Hemorrhage Due to Temporary Depletion of Vitamin K-dependent Coagulation Factors: An Illustrative Case. 维生素 K 依赖性凝血因子暂时耗竭导致 COVID-19 相关颅内出血的潜在机制：一个说明性病例。

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-04-01 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2021-0295

Narihide Shinoda, Shogo Tamura, Masafumi Mori, Mitsugu Nakamura, Kazuyoshi Korosue, Shigeru Kose

引用次数: 0

Questioning and Disputing Vaccination Policies. Scientists and Experts in the Italian Public Debate 质疑和争议疫苗接种政策。意大利公众辩论中的科学家和专家

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221080928

G. Gobo, B. Sena

{"title":"Questioning and Disputing Vaccination Policies. Scientists and Experts in the Italian Public Debate","authors":"G. Gobo, B. Sena","doi":"10.1177/02704676221080928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221080928","url":null,"abstract":"Most literature about vaccine hesitancy has been focused on parental attitudes. Less attention has been devoted to both scientists and experts (general practitioners, pediatricians, health care professionals and science journalists) who raise criticism about immunization policies and intervene in the public debate. This consideration aims to balance the current emphasis in the literature on parents’ attitudes about vaccination, offering a complementary angle to reframe and widen the controversy. Focusing on scientists and experts (who can shape and feed parents and people's attitude), an unattended complex picture of multiple attitudes towards vaccines and vaccinations has been discovered through a qualitative content analysis (QCA) of texts (appeared in the Italian press, TV and pop-science books) related to the harsh public debate, held between March 2017 and November 2018, triggered by the legislative proposal of making ten vaccinations mandatory for children. Unlike oversemplications that misleading dichotomies (such as orthodox and heterodox positions, Western science / Western medicine versus alternative medicine) reproduce, the analysis reveals nine different positions along the continuum of immunisation attitudes, ranging from radical acceptance of vaccinations (both compulsory and recommended) to radical rejection, which constitute a fuzzy set. Consequently, a twofold reality emerges: on the surface, the conflict seems between pro-vaxxers versus hesitant, pro-choice and anti-vaxxers; beneath it is amid standardized versus a varieties of contextual and personalised approaches to health.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"25 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42684401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Analysis of Impact of Industry 4.0 on Africa, Eastern Europe and US: A Case Study of Cyber-Security and Sociopolitical Dynamics of Nigeria, Russia and USA 工业4.0对非洲、东欧和美国的影响分析——以尼日利亚、俄罗斯和美国的网络安全和社会政治动态为例

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221087135

J. Nwankwo

引用次数: 0

CRISPR Images: Media Use and Public Opinion About Gene Editing CRISPR图像:关于基因编辑的媒体使用和公众舆论

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221080919

Wyatt Dawson, Ashley Paintsil, James Bingaman, P. Brewer

引用次数: 1

Does the Internet Make the World Worse? Depression, Aggression and Polarization in the Social Media Age 互联网让世界变得更糟了吗?社交媒体时代的抑郁、攻击性和两极分化

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211064567

C. Ferguson

{"title":"Does the Internet Make the World Worse? Depression, Aggression and Polarization in the Social Media Age","authors":"C. Ferguson","doi":"10.1177/02704676211064567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676211064567","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990s, the influence of the internet and social media in daily communication has skyrocketed. This has brought both remarkable opportunities and perceived perils. Recent years have seen increases in suicide and mental health concerns, political polarization, and online aggression. Can such phenomenon be connected causally to communication via social media? This article reviews the evidence for perceived deleterious effects of social media on several areas of human welfare, including political polarization, depression and suicide, aggression, and cyberbullying. In addition to examining contemporary evidence from psychological studies, a historical analysis is included to examine whether we truly live in a uniquely difficult time or whether similar patterns of social behavior can be witnessed in other, pre-internet times. It is concluded that evidence may link social media to some negative social outcomes but in ways that are nuanced and complicated, often interacting with user motivations and personalities and situational variables. An increased focus on preregistered, standardized scientific methods and cautious interpretation of effect sizes can help clarify real versus phantom effects of social media.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"116 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11