Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society最新文献_第3页

Dealing with the Machine: Strategies of Pilots and Doctors Towards Technological Integration 与机器打交道:飞行员和医生的技术整合策略

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211065973

A. Ergur

{"title":"Dealing with the Machine: Strategies of Pilots and Doctors Towards Technological Integration","authors":"A. Ergur","doi":"10.1177/02704676211065973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676211065973","url":null,"abstract":"As a global and profuse fact, all professions are more or less affected by the rapid penetration of technology in their domain of practice. As the technological capacity progresses, we observe a gradual replacement of human skills by machine-guided procedures. Although such a gradual passage undeniably reduces the human presence in the practice of a profession, the transfer seems not to be a linear process. It has rather a pivoting character, comprising a series of ambivalences and contradictions. Consequently, professionals tend to keep their already acquired knowledge and ability through education and practice, and instead submissively abandon their place to technological tools. From such a perspective, we discuss in this article the strategies of resistance adopted and developed by professionals for keeping their professional power. Among a variety of professions, we choose to focus on medicine and aviation, due to their two fundamental distinctive characteristics: Both have (1) a high degree of technological determination, and (2) accomplishing vital functions. For this purpose, we discuss the strategies of resistance towards technology by professionals, throughout data we gathered from some field research conducted with doctors and pilots.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"99 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48383614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Children Climate Change Activism and Protests in Africa: Reflections and Lessons From Greta Thunberg 非洲儿童气候变化行动主义和抗议:格蕾塔·通伯格的反思和教训

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211049690

Kelvin Zhanda, M. Dzvimbo, Leonard Chitongo

{"title":"Children Climate Change Activism and Protests in Africa: Reflections and Lessons From Greta Thunberg","authors":"Kelvin Zhanda, M. Dzvimbo, Leonard Chitongo","doi":"10.1177/02704676211049690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676211049690","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on a distinctive study that seeks to analyse the nascent role of teenagers’ activism and protests for climate change action. With the increasing realisation of children's rights to participation, the past few years have marked the rise of the new dispensation of climate activism and protests in which teenagers have occupied the centre stage. We pay specific reference to Greta Thunberg, a Swedish child climate activist, in as much as she can set a framework upon which Africa can draw parallels, lessons and insights for climate activism and protests. Even though the context may be different, the paper attempts to inform vibrant climate action through activism by children and ultimately climate policies, laws and management for environmental sustainability in Africa. We engaged document review and thematic approaches, and it emerged that children climate activism and protests in Africa are not as vibrant as they should be given the prevalence of climate inaction across the continent. Therefore, there is much to learn from Thunberg by pushing national governments and regional organisations to increase the decision-making space of children in the fight against climate change.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"87 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44309960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Reexamining the Automobile’s Past: What Were the Critical Factors That Determined the Emergence of the Internal Combustion Engine as the Dominant Automotive Technology? 重新审视汽车的过去：决定内燃机作为主导汽车技术出现的关键因素是什么？

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211036334

C. Hadjilambrinos

{"title":"Reexamining the Automobile’s Past: What Were the Critical Factors That Determined the Emergence of the Internal Combustion Engine as the Dominant Automotive Technology?","authors":"C. Hadjilambrinos","doi":"10.1177/02704676211036334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676211036334","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the 19th-century three technologies had emerged as sources of motive power for the automobile: steam, internal combustion, and electric motors. In 1900, in the United States and around the world, each of these powered a roughly equal number of automobiles. Thus, the early period of automobile development offers fertile ground for the study of technological path choice. At that time, it appeared that the electric motor was poised to become the dominant automotive technology. However, the internal combustion engine achieved this status instead. Although a large number of studies have examined the history of the automobile with a view to determining the reasons for the emergence of the internal combustion engine as the dominant technology for the car engine (especially its choice over the electric motor), no consensus has emerged of what the critical factors were. A close reexamining of the history allows us to identify the years 1900-1904 as the period during which the automobile’s technological path was determined. A review of the conditions prevailing during this period and the stages of development of the sociotechnical systems in which each of the alternative automotive technologies was embedded helps us identify the aspiration for touring as the key factor fixing the path for the technological development of the automobile from that point on.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"58 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46979295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Can Communities Produce Complex Technology? Looking Into Space for Insight 社区能产生复杂的技术吗?探索太空寻求洞察力

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211041900

Lucas Lemos, Chris Giotitsas

{"title":"Can Communities Produce Complex Technology? Looking Into Space for Insight","authors":"Lucas Lemos, Chris Giotitsas","doi":"10.1177/02704676211041900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676211041900","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a community producing complex space technology. We attempt to highlight which aspects of the community’s activities can help democratize high-tech development while providing a context for similar cases involved in developing and manufacturing nonhigh-technological artefacts. We discuss how this has been made possible by using a technology-determined organizational approach based on the CubeSat open platform infrastructure, blending formal and hands-on education, open communication, specific recruitment and working practices, and a genuine passion for technology. We identify as critical enablers for community-based collaborative development of space technology the open-source architecture standard called CubeSat Design Specifications, the modularization of work in subsystems and between different organizations, and the open and participatory approach work tasks distribution and decision making. Moreover, we argue that the digital/informational aspect of this technology allows the community to implement organizational practices that resemble how open-source movements over the internet produce complex digital artefacts like Wikipedia or Linux. ESTCube can shed light on community-driven complex technology development, providing lessons on what a democratized version of high technology would resemble and how open and digitalized technology can help develop the capacities of a community.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"35 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46646126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“A Moment of Science, Please”: Activism, Community, and Humor at the March for Science “科学一刻，请”:科学游行中的行动主义、社区和幽默

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211042252

H. Riesch, Photini Vrikki, N. Stephens, Jamie Lewis, Olwenn V. Martin

{"title":"“A Moment of Science, Please”: Activism, Community, and Humor at the March for Science","authors":"H. Riesch, Photini Vrikki, N. Stephens, Jamie Lewis, Olwenn V. Martin","doi":"10.1177/02704676211042252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676211042252","url":null,"abstract":"In April 2017, scientists and science sympathizers held marches in the United Kingdom as part of a coordinated international March for Science movement that was held in over 600 cities worldwide. This article reports from participant-observation studies of the marches that took place in London and Cardiff. Supplemented with data from 37 interviews from marchers at the London event, the article reports on an analysis of the placards, focusing on marchers’ concerns and the language and images through which they expressed those concerns. How did the protesters articulate their concerns and objectives, and how were these articulations used to build a community? The placards did not represent a clear, focused, and unifying message; they instead illustrated disparate concerns ranging from human-induced climate change, Trump and “alternative facts,” and local UK specific political issues concerning the country’s exit from the European Union. Our analysis shows that placards gave a playful and whimsical character to the march, with slogans displaying significant amounts (and moments) of humor, often formulated through insider jokes, scientific puns, or self-deprecating appropriation of negative stereotypes about scientists. We analyze the march through the social movement literature and as a collective identity-building exercise for an (emergent) community of scientists and sympathizers with long-term aims of establishing a louder voice for scientists, and experts, in public discourse.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"46 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42549767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Determinants of Attitudes Toward the Scientific Community: Confidence in the Press as a Mediator of Political Party Affiliation 对科学界态度的决定因素：对新闻界作为政党关系中介的信心

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211019290

Bryan E. Denham

引用次数: 1

Virtually Together: Developing a Local Social Network for Neighborhoods 虚拟在一起:为社区开发一个本地社交网络

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211009131

Maria Koletsi, Nikolaos Sfakianos, A. Papadopoulou, Dimitris Karras, Georgios Vagias, Konstantinos C Koskinas

引用次数: 1

The Sharing Economy: Social Welfare in a Technologically Networked Economy 共享经济：技术网络经济中的社会福利

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211010723

M. Baranowski

引用次数: 8

Investigating the Relationship Between Electronic Literacy and Quality of Life of the Elderly in Arak, Iran 伊朗阿拉克地区老年人电子读写能力与生活质量的关系研究

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211007360

Kiyana Hatamnezhad, Peyman Ghafari Ashtiyani, F. Seyedi

引用次数: 2

AMCAT Utility to Engineering and Computer Science Students 面向工程和计算机科学专业学生的AMCAT实用程序

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676211003811

S. Zareena

引用次数: 0