Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society最新文献

The Cultural Production of Everyday Ethics in Two University STEM Labs 两所大学STEM实验室中日常伦理的文化生产

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676231181030

Allison Mickel, Adam Heidebrink-Bruno, Amin Hosseiny Marani, Isabel Barone, Olivia Lee, Eric P. S. Baumer

{"title":"The Cultural Production of Everyday Ethics in Two University STEM Labs","authors":"Allison Mickel, Adam Heidebrink-Bruno, Amin Hosseiny Marani, Isabel Barone, Olivia Lee, Eric P. S. Baumer","doi":"10.1177/02704676231181030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676231181030","url":null,"abstract":"How do ethics show up in the everyday behaviors and conversations of researchers in a scientific laboratory? How does the microcosmic culture of the laboratory shape researchers’ understandings of scientific ethics? We, an interdisciplinary team representing anthropology, computer science, and rhetorical studies, investigated these questions in two university STEM labs. Similar to previous work mapping out the epistemic cultures, we sought to understand the ethical cultures of these research groups. We observed their lab meetings for several months and conducted interviews with members of the research laboratories. Ultimately, we recognized two distinct ethical cultures within the two laboratories: one focused on the relationship between science and social justice, and the other focused on clean data and accuracy as an ethical issue. These two distinct ethical cultures were discernable through ethnography, close reading of laboratory members’ language, as well as broad-scale topic modeling. Our project complements previous studies of ethics in science that have focused on codes of ethics or student curricula as ways in which scientists develop an understanding of scientific ethics. Our project demonstrates that everyday interactions between the members of scientific research labs additionally shape, at a decidedly local level, how scientists understand and ultimately approach ethical decision-making in the scientific research process.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"43 1","pages":"3 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43774857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intellectual Virtues and Scientific Endeavor: A Reflection on the Commitments Inherent in Generating and Possessing Knowledge 智力美德与科学努力:对知识产生与拥有的内在义务的反思

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/02704676231171318

Oscar Eliezer Mendoza-De Los Santos

引用次数: 0

How do Researchers Use Social Media for Science Communication? 研究人员如何利用社交媒体进行科学传播?

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/02704676231165654

Teck-Ee Keng, M. Cheng

{"title":"How do Researchers Use Social Media for Science Communication?","authors":"Teck-Ee Keng, M. Cheng","doi":"10.1177/02704676231165654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676231165654","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides an overview of social media usage among researchers in Malaysia and examines factors affecting their use for science communication. The online questionnaire gathered the opinions of 425 researchers from over 20 science disciplines. The descriptive analysis highlighted usage preferences for 10 commonly used social media, while statistical analysis in particular MANOVA and correlation analysis, identified significant factors influencing researchers’ social media use. Up to 62% of respondents believe that social media is more effective in reaching the public, compared to other media. WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate are routinely used or perceived as beneficial to use. However, Twitter, Instagram, WordPress, and LinkedIn are seldom used because they are less preferred for science communication. Seniority, perceived importance, and perceived credibility are significantly correlated with both intention and actual use. Meanwhile, age and experience are significantly correlated with actual use, but not the intention. Researchers are likely to post and share more on social media if they believe that science communication is important or if they are credible enough to present a scientific consensus. This study offered important insights into the perceptions, concerns, and factors influencing their use for science communication. By determining the perceptions, concerns and motivators affecting researchers, the findings shed light on effective ways to promote researchers’ use of social media to communicate scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"43 1","pages":"42 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing a Mobile-Messaging App-Based Teachers’ Community of Practice in India 设计一个基于移动消息应用程序的印度教师实践社区

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/02704676231165652

Bindu R Thirumalai, P. Sarangapani

引用次数: 0

Contributions of Science Fiction to Thinking up (Im)possible Future Societies: Medical Students’ Genetic Imaginary 科幻小说对设想(不)可能的未来社会的贡献:医学生的基因想象

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221150752

Miguel Barbosa, Ricardo R Santos

引用次数: 1

Fear of Movement and Catastrophizing in Participants with Temporomandibular Disorders. 颞下颌障碍患者的运动恐惧和灾难化。

IF 2.5

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.3060

Birgitta Häggman-Henrikson, Nora Jawad, Xochitl Mena Acuña, Corine M Visscher, Eric Schiffman, Thomas List

{"title":"Fear of Movement and Catastrophizing in Participants with Temporomandibular Disorders.","authors":"Birgitta Häggman-Henrikson, Nora Jawad, Xochitl Mena Acuña, Corine M Visscher, Eric Schiffman, Thomas List","doi":"10.11607/ofph.3060","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ofph.3060","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To assess differences in catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in relation to areas of pain and somatic symptoms among participants with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and controls.Methods: In total, 401 participants (333 women, 68 men, mean age: 45.8 years) in the TMJ Impact Project were examined in accordance with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, including clinical examination (Axis I) and psychosocial assessment (Axis II) augmented with imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Of these, 218 participants had a painful TMD pain diagnosis, 63 had a nonpainful TMD diagnosis, and 111 had no TMD. Nine participants had missing data. Participants completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Areas of Pain figure, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 for assessing somatic symptoms.Results: Compared to controls, participants with TMD pain showed higher levels of catastrophizing (P = .017), kinesiophobia (P < .001), areas of pain (P < .001), and somatic symptoms (P < .001). Participants with nonpainful TMD showed a higher level of kinesiophobia (P < .001) than controls. There was a positive correlation between catastrophizing and kinesiophobia for participants with TMD pain (r = 0.33, P < .001) and nonpainful TMD (r = 0.42, P < .001).Discussion: The results suggest more fear of movement, as well as an association between catastrophizing and fear of movement, in participants with TMD pain and in participants with nonpainful TMD compared to controls. Assessment and management of fear of movement as well as catastrophizing may be useful as part of individualized treatment strategies for patients with TMD.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87235829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Ethics in Science and Technology Policy-Making: A Proposed Normative Framework 科技政策制定中的伦理：一个规范性框架

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221137307

Leila Namdarian, R. Sharifzadeh, Hamid Reza Khedmatgozar

{"title":"Ethics in Science and Technology Policy-Making: A Proposed Normative Framework","authors":"Leila Namdarian, R. Sharifzadeh, Hamid Reza Khedmatgozar","doi":"10.1177/02704676221137307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221137307","url":null,"abstract":"In the twenty-first century, the focus of science and technology (S&T) on the human interests and the accessible interests of society, and so the rise of some questions concerning the impact of S&T on social norms, has led to embedding ethical debates in S&T policy-making. The ethics of S&T policy-making, as a representation of the relationship between ethics and S&T policy-making, is a relatively new area of applied and professional ethics that addresses the dilemmas and ethical challenges of the S&T policy-making process. Understanding and recognizing the ethical components of S&T policy-making, one can develop a normative framework to assist policymakers in designing and analyzing ethical policies in the S&T field. The design and development of such a framework is the main purpose of the present study. In this study, the components of the proposed framework for ethical policy-making in S&T, their ethical and policy approaches, as well as their fundamental ethical and policy principles have been identified through studying sources and texts related to meta-ethics, normative ethics, and S&T ethics. Then, these components have been categorized in the form of steps for ethical policy-making using the thematic analysis method. Based on the results of this study, the ethical policy-making steps in S&T include problem identification, information gathering and feeding of the policy process, policy advice and policy formulation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation, which follow 9 ethical principles and 13 policy principles.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"117 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43622971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eyes on the Streets: Media Use and Public Opinion About Facial Recognition Technology 街道上的眼睛:媒体使用和公众舆论对面部识别技术

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221148103

P. Brewer, James Bingaman, Wyatt Dawson, Ashley Paintsil, D. C. Wilson

引用次数: 1

Process and Bureaucracy: Scientific Reform as Civilisation 过程与官僚主义：作为文明的科学改革

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221126388

B. Penders

引用次数: 6

“Have a Digital Highway but also have speed limits”: Exploring Public Resistance to Cell Tower Radiation in India “有数字高速公路，但也有速度限制”:探索印度公众对手机塔辐射的抵制

Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/02704676221111348

N. Chowdhury

{"title":"“Have a Digital Highway but also have speed limits”: Exploring Public Resistance to Cell Tower Radiation in India","authors":"N. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1177/02704676221111348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221111348","url":null,"abstract":"Public resistance to environmental and health safety risks from radiations emanating from cell phone towers has been sporadic but spatially and temporally widespread in India. Civic actions have been led by civic activists, resident welfare associations, gram panchayats, lawyers, scientists and even an actor from the Bombay film industry. Large scale technical systems like cell-phone towers are remarkably resilient to public criticism. Industry response to such resistance is usually in the form of aesthetic tinkering to hide structures from public gaze, incremental regulation and science communication to assuage public doubt. The legislature rather than Courts has been more responsive to such civic actions. Courts due to their overreliance on risk discourses have continued to defer to State experts. Faced with incrementalism from formal institutional actors, resistance movements have become localized and used site requirements to stymie such developments. Drawing on Beck's idea of subpolitics, this study explores the disaggregated nature of the resistance movement against cell tower radiation in India. It is based on a multi-sited ethnography based on field research and 35 interviews with activists, journalists, regulators, lawyers, industry representatives, doctors and scientists, conducted between November 2017 to December 2019. Jurisprudential developments, parliamentary committee and scientific reports were also reviewed. Subpolitics as a category has purchase in STS studies because it allows us to focus on the disaggregated nature of affected publics and interrogate public engagement with State institutions and new social expectations and solidarities with reference to technology.","PeriodicalId":38848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"59 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43044743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0