Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Orthodontic retainers: are they all the same?","authors":"Telma Martins de Araujo, Paula Paes Ferreira, Izabelle Alice Pinheiro Barros Lisboa, Carlos Jorge Vogel, Carolina Ribeiro Starling","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e24spe6","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e24spe6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is known that the stability of the results obtained with orthodontic treatment depends, in addition to the functional and aesthetic aspects, also on the adequate planning of the retention devices, the patient's compliance with this new phase, and the physiological changes that the human body experiences over the years, throughout the craniofacial aging process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article discusses the importance of the orthodontic retention phase and the influence of diagnosis, planning and execution of corrective treatment of malocclusions, in order to achieve the expected success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Throughout the text, different types of retainers and approaches during this phase will be presented, with the aim of ensuring the stability of the results obtained after correcting problems in the vertical, transverse and anteroposterior directions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Orthodontic retainers are not all the same. The retention protocol must be performed in an individualized and planned manner, taking the initial dental positions as a reference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The orthodontist must inform the patient and parents about important aspects of how to maintain the occlusion achieved with orthodontic treatment. The retainers installed after the end of corrective treatment are not everlasting, they can suffer damage with use and must be replaced. Therefore, the patient must be aware of the importance of using retainers as prescribed by the orthodontist, and of returning for scheduled review appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 6","pages":"e24spe6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.","authors":"Rodrigo Rodrigues, Caio Melo Mesquita, Helena Benatt do Nascimento Alves, Filipe Gontijo Silva, Walbert de Andrade Vieira, Paula Cristiana Santos de Aguiar, Carlos Flores-Mir, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Rui Barbosa de Brito-Júnior","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e242436.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e242436.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aimed to analyze the literature on changes in endogenous salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An electronic search was performed in nine databases to identify quasi-experimental studies, without restricting publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias using the JBI tools, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The electronic search found 7,038 records, of which 12 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies had a low risk of bias. Biomarkers were grouped into five categories: electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and mediators. Electrolytes showed decreased Ca2+, Pi3+ and K+ levels, and increased Na+ and Cl- levels. All enzymes (ALP, LDH, MMP8, and MMP9) increased over time. Hormones presented a decrease in leptin and some fluctuations in daily cortisol levels. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE) had no significant changes, and salivary IgA showed divergent results among studies. Mediators (sRANKL, OPG, IL-1β, and PGE2) showed fluctuations at different treatment stages, mainly after orthodontic activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on a very low certainty level, orthodontic tooth movement had little to no effect on endogenous salivary biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 6","pages":"e242436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic association between Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusions with PAX9 (rs8004560) gene polymorphism in a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Monika Shukla, Munish Reddy, Kritanjali Singh, Ruchi Saini, Pradeep Raghav, Kaynat Nasser, Nupur Sharma, Aastha Kamrani, Shehla Rafique, Tanjula Shair","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e2424128.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e2424128.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether there is any difference in the genetic association between Class II division 1 (div. 1) and division 2 (div. 2) malocclusions using PAX9 (rs8004560) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty patients from the Orthodontics department of Subharti Dental College and Hospital (Meerut, India) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Class II div. 1 malocclusion) and Group 2 (Class II div. 2 malocclusion). Then, 3 mL of blood was collected from each participant. DNA extraction was done, and Sanger Sequencing was performed from extracted DNA samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of alleles among Class II div. 1 and Class II div. 2 malocclusions. The homozygous GG allele was the most prevalent among Class II div. 1 patients (76.7%), while the heterozygous AG allele was the most prevalent among Class II div. 2 patients (53.5%). Since GG was the most prevalent allele, it was used as a reference, and AA/AG were compared with GG to confirm the association. The results showed that individuals with the AG genotype seemed to be more susceptible to the development of skeletal Class II div. 2 malocclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The homozygous GG allele was the most prevalent among Class II div. 1 patients, while the heterozygous AG allele was the most prevalent among Class II div. 2 patients, suggesting that there could be a difference between the genetic association of both malocclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 6","pages":"e2424128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular asymmetry in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate at different growth stages: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Thaís de Lima Azeredo, Laíze Rosa Pires Freitas, Rodrigo Villamarim Soares, Dauro Douglas Oliveira, Maria Augusta Visconti, Eduardo Murad Villoria","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e242496.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e242496.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The early diagnosis of mandibular asymmetry (MA) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) can contribute to its treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and the extent of MA in UCLP patients at different growth stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 47 UCLP patients were included, and divided into two groups (prepubertal stage and pubertal stage). The mandibular ramus height (Co-Go), mandibular body length (Go-Me), total mandibular length (Co-Me), gonial angle (CoGoMe), the volume of the mandibular condyles, and lateral chin deviation were evaluated. The cleft side (CS) and noncleft side (NCS) were compared using the paired t-test for dependent samples. Chin deviation and its possible association with specific sides were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher's Exact tests, respectively. The significance level was set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparison of CS and NCS revealed that in prepubertal stage, Co-Me was shorter (105.5 ± 5.7 mm; p = 0.036) in the CS, and that in pubertal stage, Co-Go was lower (46 ± 6 mm; p= 0.004) and Go-Me was greater (78.5 ± 5.8 mm; p = 0.026) in the CS. In both growth stages, a significant association (p< 0.05) was observed between the side to which the chin has deviated and the CS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although patients with UCLP in the prepubertal and pubertal stages presented significant measurements revealing MA, only Co-Go in the pubertal stage showed a clinically relevant difference. This specific result indicates that MA must be monitored during patients' growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 6","pages":"e242496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention preferences and protocols of Brazilian orthodontists: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Daniel Gonçalves Machado, Daniella de Oliveira da Silva, Júlio de Araújo Gurgel, Raphael Dutra de Resende Mendonça, Paula Cotrin, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli, Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e2423251.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e2423251.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the orthodontic retention protocols used by Brazilian orthodontists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 693 orthodontists who answered a web-based questionnaire with 22 questions regarding the participants' characteristics, their retainers' prescriptions, follow-up duration, and appliance fabrication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 20.84% response rate was recorded. Most orthodontists reported working in private dental offices (94.7%), and female practitioners comprised 59.9% of the respondents. The mean age of the orthodontists was 41.05 years, and the mean time practicing as an orthodontist was 11.28 years. For the maxillary arch, most orthodontists (57.9%) declared to use the Hawley retainer, and for the mandibular arch, 49.1% use the bonded retainer. Regarding the retention phase duration, 85.6% recommend using a permanent retainer for the mandibular arch; and for the maxillary arch, 36.2% recommended using it for 1 to 2 years. The main reason that led orthodontists to choose a retention design was related to the initial malocclusion characteristics (72.9%), and the most mentioned explanation for choosing the retainer type and protocol was clinical experience (44.5%). Most orthodontists (85.3%) would like to have access to general guidelines/protocols for retention procedures after orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the answers, retention protocols varied among Brazilian orthodontists. Brazilian orthodontists preferred to use a Hawley retainer in the maxillary arch and a fixed straight retention bonded from canine to canine (3x3) in the mandibular arch.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 6","pages":"e2423251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incisors inclination in relation to lip parameters: a CBCT study.","authors":"Majd Elias, Sharmin Kadkhodayan, Camila Pacheco-Pereira, Manuel Lagravère Vich","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e2424130.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e2424130.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the introduction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dentistry, precise measurements are now attainable.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to explore the correlation between incisors inclination and various lip parameters utilizing CBCT technology. Moreover, it aims to assess whether specific incisors inclinations significantly influence lip thickness, length, and position.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective observational study of available records of orthodontic patients (n=84) aged between 11 and 17.5 years old with pre- and post-treatment CBCT imaging. The 3D Slicer software was used to assess lip parameters and incisors inclinations while adhering to standard CBCT imaging methods. Statistical analysis was conducted to find associations between incisors inclination and lip parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within certain limits of incisor inclination, lip parameters showed minimal impact. Changes in upper incisor inclination within an average of 5° did not significantly correlate with upper lip parameters. Similarly, changes in lower incisor inclination within an average of 5.6° had no significant effect on lower lip parameters. However, inclination changes of tooth #21 within 5.4° significantly affected upper lip length within 0.35mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lip parameters remained unaffected with specific ranges of incisor inclinations, except for a slight effect on upper lip length with changes in inclination of tooth #21. Clinicians can consider the specific ranges of incisors inclination during treatment planning, especially for patients concerned about lip appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 6","pages":"e2424130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the agreement of horizontal and vertical linear measurements obtained from digital models, printed models and direct measurements.","authors":"Sergio Luiz Mota-Júnior, Ana Clara Titoneli Abreu, Brenda Vitória Monteiro Dos Santos, Ana Laura Lassance Marangon, Marcio José da Silva Campos, Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e242460.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e242460.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of arch models is essential in diagnosis and planning in orthodontics. The demand for digital and printed models has increased among professionals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the agreement of horizontal and vertical linear measurements obtained from digital models, printed models, and direct measurements.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Intraoral scans of 30 individuals were obtained. Digital measurements were performed using the STL files. From printed models, the measurements were done using a digital caliper, and the real measurements were done directly to the mouth of respective patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The one-sample t test showed no discrepancy between the paired sets of measurements, with the value of 0 (p>0.05). The evaluation of the measurements was done using Bland-Altman analysis in pairs. The three methods showed agreement in horizontal and vertical measurements. Linear regression analyses showed no proportional bias in the data (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The horizontal and vertical measurements evaluated showed agreement when measured on digital models, printed models and directly in the individuals' mouths.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 5","pages":"e242460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomographic diagnosis of alveolar bone coverage impact in orthodontic planning: cross-sectional study.","authors":"Katia Montanha-Andrade, Paula Paes Ferreira, Ana Carolina Velasco Pondé DE Sena, Patricia R Cury, Ieda M Crusoé-Rebello","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e242446.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e242446.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alveolar bone coverage can be diagnosed through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and this information can prevent orthodontic tooth movement beyond the biological limit.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the impact of the bone coverage (BC) diagnosis by CBCT in the orthodontists' planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred fifty-nine Brazilian orthodontists suggested treatment plans for six patients at two different times, using two sequential questionnaires. The first questionnaire consisted of extra and intra-oral photographs, one panoramic radiograph; one lateral cephalometric radiograph with Steiner and Tweed analysis, and the patient chief complaint. The second questionnaire included the same presentations of cases with tomographic images and the radiologist's report. The McNemar test assessed the difference between the first and the second treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all six cases, most participants changed the treatment plan after evaluating the CBCT images and the radiologist's report (93.7% in case 5, 78.6% in case 4, 74.2% in case 3, 69.8% in case 6, 66% in case 2 and 61% in case 1; p≤0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evaluation of bone coverage through CBCT images has a substantial impact on the orthodontic diagnosis and planning of the Brazilian orthodontists.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 5","pages":"e242446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on leveling the hidden: managing impacted maxillary canines.","authors":"Orlando Motohiro Tanaka, André Weissheimer, Matheus Melo Pithon, Gil Guilherme Gasparello, Eustáquio Afonso Araújo","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e24spe5","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e24spe5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The long pathway that the canines take as they emerge into the maxillary arch makes them vulnerable to disruption during their natural emergence time. The process of planning treatment for impacted maxillary canine (IMC) presents significant challenges, underscoring the need for careful consideration and expertise.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this article was to shed light on these complexities by discussing clinical case studies involving IMC, providing insights into the intricacies of their management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The management of IMC within orthodontics presents a multifaceted challenge that include the necessity for precise diagnostic processes, prudent use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the strategic selection between open and closed exposure techniques, a in-depth understanding of the specific orthodontic biomechanics involved, and a keen awareness of potential adverse outcomes such as ankylosis, prolonged treatment times, root resorption, and additional complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 5","pages":"e24spe5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial soft tissue changes in adolescent patients treated with three different functional appliances: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Nathália Moraes Carvalho Barreto Brandão, Nathália Barbosa Palomares, Tatiana Lima, Cátia Cardoso Abdo Quintão, Klaus Barretto Lopes, José Augusto Mendes Miguel","doi":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e242440.oar","DOIUrl":"10.1590/2177-6709.29.5.e242440.oar","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusion generally seek treatment to improve facial esthetics. Therefore, the orthodontist needs to know the changes in the soft profile produced by functional appliances.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the soft tissue profile changes in patients treated during the peak of the pubertal growth spurt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty selected patients were randomized into three treatment groups: Twin Block (TB), Herbst with dental anchorage (HDA), and Herbst with skeletal anchorage (HSA). All patients had computed tomographic images: pretreatment (T1) and after 12 months of active treatment (T2). Twenty-four soft tissue cephalometric measures were analyzed. The normality of all data was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Intragroup comparisons were analyzed using the t-paired test; the inter-group comparisons were determined through ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At T1, no significant differences were observed between groups. At T2, in the intragroup comparison, facial soft tissue changes were statistically significant in the three groups for the lower lip, sulcus inferioris, facial soft tissue convexity in HDA group and TB group, and H angle in HDA group and HSA group, and soft tissue pogonium in TB group. In the inter-group comparison, no statistically significant differences were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that there were significant changes in soft tissue measurements that benefited Class II, division 1 patient's facial profile treated with the functional appliances Twin Block, Herbst, and Herbst with skeletal anchorage. Nevertheless, no significant differences were detected among the effects obtained by the three treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":38720,"journal":{"name":"Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"29 5","pages":"e242440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}