Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138938
Minghan Duan, Yuan Qin, Gao Lv, Yang Li, Xixi Tian
{"title":"Multi-scale analysis of the influence of negative temperature invasion on the hydration degree and microstructure of hydraulic concrete","authors":"Minghan Duan, Yuan Qin, Gao Lv, Yang Li, Xixi Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the impact of negative temperature on hydraulic concrete hardening, samples underwent frost simulations at −5°C for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h in an environmental chamber. Results show that frost occurring over 24 h post-initial setting causes severe matrix cracking, pore wall rupture, and expansion of C-S-H interlayer defects. At 48 h of exposure, the relative hydration degree drops to 41.33 %, indicating irreversible damage. Prolonged cold exposure transforms gel pores into various capillary and large pores, increasing the proportion of transition, capillary, and large pores. The 28-day strength exhibits a nonlinear decline with exposure duration, while both energy storage and dissipation capacities diminish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138934
Fabio C. Nunes , Gustavo H.M. Gomes , João V. Campos , Juliana K.M.B. Daguano , Eliria M.J.A. Pallone
{"title":"Influence of controlled current ramp on flash sintering of 3D-printed zirconia scaffolds","authors":"Fabio C. Nunes , Gustavo H.M. Gomes , João V. Campos , Juliana K.M.B. Daguano , Eliria M.J.A. Pallone","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coupling additive manufacturing with non-conventional sintering techniques is a sustainable and innovative strategy for ceramic processing. Flash sintering, for example, can substantially reduce both the processing time and sintering temperature. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Current-Ramp Flash Sintering (CRFS) on 3YSZ scaffolds produced by direct ink writing. The macrostructure, phase formation, and grain size growth were analyzed. Higher current ramp rates during FS resulted in larger pore sizes and increased porosity. Additionally, the grain size was larger at higher current ramp rates compared to lower ones. Overall, the combination of 3D printing and CRFS for scaffolds is a disruptive approach, with potential applications in various materials and geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel BiOI/MoS2@CNFs photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic activity for TCH","authors":"Yingzhe Li, Rui Gao, Bolong Li, Xiaoye Fan, Haiou Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel BiOI/MoS<sub>2</sub> @CNFs composite photocatalyst was synthesized through a multi-step integration of electrospinning, solvothermal synthesis, and calcination. The photocatalytic performance of this composite in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in aqueous solutions was systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal that the optimized 1BiOI/MoS<sub>2</sub>@CNFs catalyst (with an optimized mass ratio) achieved 78 % degradation efficiency for 10 mg/L TCH under 180 min of visible-light irradiation. Moreover, the composite exhibited excellent structural stability and demonstrated broad-spectrum degradation capability for multiple tetracycline antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138930
A. Rajesh Kannan , V. Rajkumar , S. Maheshwaran , N. Siva Shanmugam , Wonjoo Lee , Jonghun Yoon
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of P21 tool steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion","authors":"A. Rajesh Kannan , V. Rajkumar , S. Maheshwaran , N. Siva Shanmugam , Wonjoo Lee , Jonghun Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of P21 tool steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). A fine martensitic matrix with minimal retained austenite forms near the top due to rapid solidification, transitioning to columnar prior austenite grains with aligned martensitic laths mid-build. Toward the bottom, microstructures coarsen, showing lath thickening and signs of tempering from thermal accumulation and cyclic reheating. These variations significantly impact mechanical behavior. P21 specimens exhibited average ultimate tensile strengths of 902 ± 20 MPa and 843 ± 5 MPa, with elongations of 23.50 ± 1.00 % and 24.70 ± 1.30 %, in the horizontal and vertical orientations, respectively. The results highlight critical structure-property relationships in LPBF-processed P21 steel and offer insights for optimizing performance in tooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorometric detection of Pb2+ with the manipulation of metal-enhanced fluorescence behaviour of copper nanoparticles","authors":"Ankita Doi , Priyanka Sharma , Mamta Sahu , Mainak Ganguly","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper nanoparticles obtained from alkaline salicylaldehyde (CuQSL) exhibited strong metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). Fluorescence was efficiently quenched with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and restored via Pb<sup>2+</sup> selectively. Selective Pb<sup>2+</sup> sensing was made possible with LOD (1.51 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M; detection of linear range 10<sup>-5</sup> M – 10<sup>-8</sup> M). Salicylaldehyde (SL) was used as a reducing and capping agent to stabilize and form Cu<sup>0</sup> nanoparticles. The SL (phenolate form) was oxidized to its quinone, while Cu<sup>2+</sup> was reduced to Cu<sup>0</sup> nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence, attributed to the lightning rod effect· H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-based quenching was due to the oxidation of Cu<sup>0</sup> particles. Pb<sup>2+</sup> further reduced it to Cu<sup>0</sup>, restoring MEF. Thus, CuQSL + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was found to be an efficient platform for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138929
Geoffrey Tse
{"title":"Computational modelling and simulations of the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of PbS2","authors":"Geoffrey Tse","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theoretical predictions of electronic structure, density of states and phonon dispersion are key components in providing an accurate description of bulk materials at the atomic level. In this work, the direct-bandgap semiconducting nature of a heavy-metal-based material was assessed, and a small bandgap energy of 0.62 eV at the Γ point was identified with hybrid functionals (0.227 eV with generalised gradient approximations). Finally, phonon calculations predict the possible physical/dynamic instability of the studied PbS<sub>2</sub> systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138926
Su Jeong Lee, Byoungnam Park
{"title":"Ac-Electrophoretic deposition fabricated LiFePO4 composite cathodes with enhanced diffusion-controlled charge storage for solid-state lithium metal batteries","authors":"Su Jeong Lee, Byoungnam Park","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report the fabrication and electrochemical analysis of an all-solid-state lithium (Li) metal battery comprising a Li metal anode, a Li<sub>1</sub>.<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>0</sub>.<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>1</sub>.<sub>7</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (LATP) solid electrolyte, and a LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP) cathode deposited via alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC-EPD) with conductive and structural additives. The use of AC-EPD enables the formation of a uniform, compositionally controlled LFP composite cathode with intimate contact to the solid electrolyte layer. Through a combination of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, we confirm that the charge storage mechanism is predominantly diffusion-controlled with <em>b</em> values of 0.53 (oxidation) and 0.52 (reduction) with a diffusion coefficient of 4.68 × 10<sup>−10</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, highlighting the exceptional rate capability and cycle stability. The inclusion of additives facilitates improved electronic conductivity and mechanical integrity of the cathode, enabling stable cycling within the all-solid-state configuration. This work demonstrates the viability of using AC-EPD as a scalable route for fabricating high-quality composite cathodes and provides valuable insight into interfacial transport processes critical for the development of high-performance, solid-state lithium metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138915
Yu Wang , Zhuang Deng , Tianqi Jia , Tao Jiang , Shuo Zhang , Jingyi Wu , Shuning Wei , Zhen Jiao
{"title":"Enhancing magnetic imaging performance of iron-based nanoparticles via Zn doping and hydrocooling and magnetically internal heating co-precipitation process","authors":"Yu Wang , Zhuang Deng , Tianqi Jia , Tao Jiang , Shuo Zhang , Jingyi Wu , Shuning Wei , Zhen Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this research is to improve the magnetic imaging properties of iron-based magnetic nanoparticles. The separation of nucleation and growth stages was realized effectively by doping Zn and adopting improved hydrocooling and magnetically internal heating co-precipitation (HMIHC) method. The obtained sample (ZION-313 kHz) not only exhibited a narrower particle size distribution (10.5 ± 1.6 nm) and excellent dispersion in water but also demonstrated the highest saturation magnetization intensity (60.3 emu/g sample). In vitro relaxation time testing and magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) testing indicated that the sample exhibited an r<sub>2</sub> value as high as 190.71 mM<sup>−1</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> and the MPS test signal intensity of up to 3.4 × 10<sup>−7</sup>. This study may offer a new way to enhance the performance of iron-based contrast agents in clinical medical imaging of MRI and MPI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138922
Mikhail M. Mikhailov, Vladimir A. Goronchko, Semyon A. Yuryev, Alexey N. Lapin
{"title":"Confirmation of Mie light scattering theory using complex polymers","authors":"Mikhail M. Mikhailov, Vladimir A. Goronchko, Semyon A. Yuryev, Alexey N. Lapin","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded in vacuum before and after irradiating polymethylphenylsiloxane varnish with accelerated electrons <em>(in situ</em>). The samples under analysis included non-modified varnish and the one modified with SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (2 and 10 wt%) applied onto aluminum substrates. It was established that six types of elementary absorption bands appear in the absorption spectra of the irradiated varnish. The radicals formed during irradiation were characterized in accordance with their energy state. The Mie light scattering theory was found to be applicable for complex polymer materials, namely, the inverse linear dependence of the energy of the absorption bands on the mass of radicals. This theory was experimentally confirmed for various inorganic crystals and simple polymers (e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138917
Peng Gao , Yufeng Ni , Dayong Qiao , Chenyu Shi
{"title":"Buried interface modification via dimethylamine iodide for efficient p-i-n perovskite solar cells","authors":"Peng Gao , Yufeng Ni , Dayong Qiao , Chenyu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an emerging photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced rapid advancement due to their superior photoelectric properties. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inverted p-i-n PSCs are constrained by buried interface defects formed by the inadequate wettability of perovskite precursors on the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This study addresses this issue by modifying the buried interface of perovskite films with dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI). The treatment with DMAI results in improved morphology of perovskite films and enhances the carrier transport performance. Consequently, the PCE of p-i-n PSCs treated with DMAI reaches 23.72 %, compared to 21.01 % for the control devices. Furthermore, the long-term stability of the PSCs has been improved, maintaining over 80 % of their initial PCE after 30 days of storage at room temperature and 40 % relative humidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"398 ","pages":"Article 138917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}