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Synthesis and properties of a D-π-A type heptamethine chromophore and its application in PTT/PDT synergistic cancer therapy
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138614
Lu Li , Jiagen Li , Xiaoyan Zhang , Jiexue Wang , Lijuan Zhao , Jun Liu , Guowei Deng
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of a D-π-A type heptamethine chromophore and its application in PTT/PDT synergistic cancer therapy","authors":"Lu Li ,&nbsp;Jiagen Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiexue Wang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Guowei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing excellent photosensitizer for photothermal and photodynamic therapy is of great significance. In this work, a novel D-π-A type heptamethine chromophore (<strong>ILC</strong>) utilizing benz[cd]indoline, <em>tetra</em>-ene and tricyanofuran derivative (TCF) as the electron donor, electron bridge and electron acceptor respectively was designed, synthesized and systematically studied as the potential photosensitizer. <strong>ILC</strong> possesses strong absorbance in the near-infrared region, and under the irradiation by 808 nm (0.5 W cm<sup>−2</sup>) laser, <strong>ILC NPs</strong> exhibited obvious reactive oxygen specials (ROS) generation ability, good photothermal conversation performance (photothermal conversation efficiencies were calculated to 76.6 % at 808 nm) and excellent photothermal stability. Finally, the imaging and PTT/PDT synergistic therapy were investigated in a 4 T1 tumor xenograft mode, and the results indicated that <strong>ILC NPs</strong> possesses good imaging quality and therapy efficacy in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 138614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving hydrogen isotope permeation resistance on T91 steel: The role of Plasma-Induced-Oxide-Interlayer
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138616
Tianyu Xie , Feng Liu , Yulong Li , Ping Huang , Fei Wang
{"title":"Improving hydrogen isotope permeation resistance on T91 steel: The role of Plasma-Induced-Oxide-Interlayer","authors":"Tianyu Xie ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Yulong Li ,&nbsp;Ping Huang ,&nbsp;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high permeability of hydrogen isotopes in structural materials poses significant challenges to fusion reactors. This study innovatively enhances the comprehensive performance of hydrogen isotopes permeation barrier coatings by introducing an intermediate layer to modify the wettability of the substrate for the first time. A plasma oxidation treatment was conducted on the surface of T91 steel to form an (Fe, Cr)O oxide intermediate layer, followed by the application of an α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coating. Experimental results demonstrate that the sample with the intermediate layer exhibits superior hydrogen permeation resistance, enhanced corrosion resistance after plasma oxidation, and improved thermal shock performance. This research offers a promising method for developing high-performance hydrogen isotope permeation barrier coatings on T91 steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 138616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cable-like rechargeable solid-state Zn-Ion batteries
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138611
Xiaoyu Zhang , Yurong Zhou , Silan Zhang , Xiaona Wang , Wei Feng
{"title":"Cable-like rechargeable solid-state Zn-Ion batteries","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhou ,&nbsp;Silan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaona Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of fiber-type batteries has attracted considerable interest due to the great potential applications for flexible, adaptive, and wearable energy-storage textiles. Aqueous Zn–MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries hold the advantages of low cost, intrinsic safety, high capacity, and high energy density, which could be a very promising candidate for wearable electronics. However, achieving high stability and performance in fiber-type Zn–MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a rechargeable cable-like Zn-ion battery that utilizes MnO<sub>2</sub>/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid fiber cathodes synthesized via in-situ redox reaction and bio-derived solid-state electrolytes. The assembled battery exhibits a high capacity of 204 mAh cm<sup>−3</sup> and long-term cycling stability with 77 % capacity retention after 450 cycles at 2 mA cm<sup>−1</sup>. This cable-type battery provides new opportunities for portable and wearable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 138611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast elaboration of non-oxidized graphene/aqueous suspensions from the eco-friendly exfoliation of graphite using organic acids and hydrogen peroxide
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138576
Miguel Rosales-Guzmán, Lourdes Cruz-Martínez, Maricela García-Zamora, María del Rosario Rangel-Ramírez, Gladis Cortez-Mazatán, Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra
{"title":"Fast elaboration of non-oxidized graphene/aqueous suspensions from the eco-friendly exfoliation of graphite using organic acids and hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Miguel Rosales-Guzmán,&nbsp;Lourdes Cruz-Martínez,&nbsp;Maricela García-Zamora,&nbsp;María del Rosario Rangel-Ramírez,&nbsp;Gladis Cortez-Mazatán,&nbsp;Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro,&nbsp;Enrique Saldívar-Guerra","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water is an ideal liquid not only for the elaboration of graphene/water dispersions but also as a non-toxic medium during the exfoliation procedure. However, the exfoliation of graphene in water is a difficult task due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of graphene. In this work we propose a method to exfoliate graphene in water by a combination of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid and ascorbic acid under ultrasonic energy. The proposed methodology facilitates the dispersion of the obtained graphene in water without the need of stabilizers, strong oxidants or toxic reagents. The synthesized graphene was thoroughly characterized by UV–vis spectrometry, RAMAN spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the electrical conductivity of the graphene/water dispersions was measured and reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 138576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perspective on high-entropy alloys and high-entropy nitrides as diffusion barriers for copper metallization
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138578
Cristian V. Ciobanu , Gheorghe Stan
{"title":"Perspective on high-entropy alloys and high-entropy nitrides as diffusion barriers for copper metallization","authors":"Cristian V. Ciobanu ,&nbsp;Gheorghe Stan","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of copper as the material of choice for electrical contacts in the semiconductor industry over three decades ago has been a key enabling factor for continuing the miniaturization trend that has led to faster and more efficient chips with specific functionalities. From the advanced packaging level where hybrid bonded structures are integrated in 3D with features sub-10 μm, to the front end of the line with dimensions sub-10 nm, the use of copper for signal and power transmission poses the risk of electromigration into the nearby dielectric or into silicon. This risk is currently mitigated by using diffusion barriers, thereby enabling significant improvements in the reliability and lifetime of the contacts. The diffusion barrier currently used in the semiconductor industry is a layer of TaN that can be at least ∼ 3 nm. However, TaN is not a substrate that naturally allows for the conformal growth of copper, so surfactants (liner materials) need to be added so that metallic copper can be deposited/electroplated into vias. While the dimensions and performance of the diffusion barrier are more critical close to the front of the line (FEOL), any material advances can also be leveraged to mitigate fabrication and alignment constraints faced at the back end of the line (BEOL) and the advanced packaging level. The present paper gives an account of the possible alternatives for the copper diffusion barrier, highlighting mainly high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and high-entropy nitrides (HENs). The promise of these materials as efficient barriers relies either on the absence of grain boundaries in amorphous HEAs that would act as fast diffusion avenues for copper, or on the presence of small interstitial spaces and high vacancy formation energies (in HENs) that hamper diffusion. We also mention a more drastic direction that may emerge in the future, in which copper could be replaced by other metals or intermetallic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 138578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative study of methods for measuring energy density for dielectric capacitors
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138613
Haoran Bian , Hua Zhong , Xiaohui Liu , Jiake Xia , Fei Cao , Xuefeng Chen , Genshui Wang
{"title":"Comparative study of methods for measuring energy density for dielectric capacitors","authors":"Haoran Bian ,&nbsp;Hua Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Jiake Xia ,&nbsp;Fei Cao ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Chen ,&nbsp;Genshui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recoverable energy density is a critical metric for dielectric capacitors in pulsed power applications. To resolve inconsistencies in existing evaluation approaches, this study establishes a standardized protocol by systematically comparing five characterization techniques for relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) and antiferroelectric (AFE) capacitors. Experimental analyses reveal that while hysteresis loop integration provides reliable benchmarking, discharge current methods overestimate energy density due to unaccounted losses. Conversely, equivalent capacitance measurements underestimate high-voltage performance, whereas UI curve integration and resistive energy consumption methods exhibit superior consistency for practical implementation. These insights advance material evaluation by aligning methodological selection with operational requirements and measurement artifacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 138613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of body fluid on bovine cortical bone fatigue
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138612
Jie Yang , Xiaoyun Zhou , Zhenyu Zhu
{"title":"Effect of body fluid on bovine cortical bone fatigue","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body fluid environment significantly enhances bone fatigue performance. In terms of fatigue mechanics, findings reveal that, stress amplitude has a relatively minor effect on fatigue lifespan across high mean stresses. However, for a comparable fatigue lifespan, the equivalent stress amplitude of bone fatigue in body fluid is 30–40 MPa higher than that in non-fluid environment. A bone fatigue model incorporating the influence of mean stress is proposed, with characteristic parameters that directly reflect the intrinsic properties of the bone material. Bone fatigue performance is associated with fatigue initiation and crack propagation regions, where smoother fatigue initiation zones and gradually evolving crack propagation areas contribute to improved fatigue performance. This research helps to elucidate the mechanisms of bone fatigue damage and fracture resistance both inside and outside body fluid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 138612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on the preparation and protective performance of shear-thickening fluid-based woven fabrics
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138610
Shuaikang Han, Yantao Gao
{"title":"Research on the preparation and protective performance of shear-thickening fluid-based woven fabrics","authors":"Shuaikang Han,&nbsp;Yantao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shear thickening fluid (STF) has attracted significant attention in the field of impact protection due to its unique rheological properties. However, the shear thickening performance of STF may degrade when exposed to air, and there is a risk of material detachment. This study presents an innovative approach that combines STF with a silicone rubber tube encapsulation technique, further reinforced with aramid fiber weaving on the surface, resulting in the successful development of a novel impact-resistant fabric. Comparative testing with traditional impact protection materials revealed that the STF-infused fabric significantly enhanced the compressive load-bearing capacity. In low-speed drop hammer impact tests, the STF-filled fabric demonstrated a 45% cushioning effect, which was a 20% improvement over conventional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 138610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local atomic structure and oxygen vacancy of NixFe(2-x)O catalyst for CNT growth
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138608
Jaekwang Lee, Heesoo Lee
{"title":"Local atomic structure and oxygen vacancy of NixFe(2-x)O catalyst for CNT growth","authors":"Jaekwang Lee,&nbsp;Heesoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidation state and oxygen vacancy of Ni<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>(2-x)</sub>O catalysts were studied along with the structural properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown by the catalysts. The diffraction peaks of NiO were shifted to lower angles and broadened with the addition of Fe. The oxidation state of Ni decreased with Fe contents, and the oxygen vacancy was confirmed to be the most formed in Ni<sub>1.25</sub>Fe<sub>0.75</sub>O. As the formation of oxygen vacancies was promoted by the difference in valence states of Fe and Ni, the bonding length of Ni-O was decreased. For Structural properties of CNTs grown by Ni<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>(2-x)</sub>O, the I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio of CNTs grown by the catalysts decreased by about 25% with the increase in surface oxygen vacancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 138608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electron transport of chlorine-doped PbSnS2 n-type polycrystals
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学
Materials Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138609
E.V. Argunov , E.V. Chernyshova , F.Yu. Bochkanov , M.A. Seredina , K.A. Shcherbakova , Yu.M. Kuznetsov , A.V. Zdoroveishchev , M.V. Dorokhin , D.Yu. Karpenkov
{"title":"Electron transport of chlorine-doped PbSnS2 n-type polycrystals","authors":"E.V. Argunov ,&nbsp;E.V. Chernyshova ,&nbsp;F.Yu. Bochkanov ,&nbsp;M.A. Seredina ,&nbsp;K.A. Shcherbakova ,&nbsp;Yu.M. Kuznetsov ,&nbsp;A.V. Zdoroveishchev ,&nbsp;M.V. Dorokhin ,&nbsp;D.Yu. Karpenkov","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, polycrystalline samples of the compounds PbSnS<sub>2</sub> and PbSnS<sub>1.94</sub>Cl<sub>0.06</sub> were investigated. These samples were obtained by liquid-phase synthesis, followed by mechanical grinding and consolidation by spark plasma sintering. It was found that the substitution of sulfur positions with chlorine resulted in a significant increase in the mobility of charge carriers, from 9.54 to 931.12 cm<sup>2</sup>⋅V<sup>−1</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>, at 415 K. Furthermore, the power factor at 750 K was determined to be 0.25 mW⋅m<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−2</sup> for the PbSnS<sub>1.94</sub>Cl<sub>0.06</sub> sample. A comparative analysis of the electro-transport properties of single- and polycrystalline samples was conducted, thereby revealing the predominant role of the scattering of charge carriers at grain boundaries and defects in the latter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 138609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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