Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139632
Shuai Fu , Kun Lin , Zhixin Gao , Yiwang Bao , Detian Wan
{"title":"Corrosion behavior of a high-entropy (La0.2Nd0.2Y0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 zirconate ceramic in Na2SO4-V2O5 molten salt","authors":"Shuai Fu , Kun Lin , Zhixin Gao , Yiwang Bao , Detian Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel high-entropy (La<sub>0.2</sub>Nd<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.2</sub>Eu<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (RE<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) zirconate ceramic with a pyrochlore structure was successfully synthesized, its corrosion behavior and mechanism in Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> molten salt at 1000 °C for 20 h were investigated. The results indicate that the thickness of the corrosion layer is approximately 17.5 μm. Under high-temperature molten salt corrosion environment, rare earth ions (RE<sup>3+</sup>) in the ceramic precipitate from the RE<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> lattice and react with dissociated VO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> ions in the molten salt to form rod-shaped rare earth vanadates (REVO<sub>4</sub>). RE<sup>3+</sup> with larger ionic radii are more likely to precipitate and preferentially participate in the reaction due to the weaker bonding force in the crystal lattice. Meanwhile, the residual Zr<sup>4+</sup> combine with O<sup>2−</sup> to form stable ZrO<sub>2</sub>, which distributes in the gaps between the rod-shaped REVO<sub>4</sub> to form Zr-rich regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139624
E.E. Timofeeva, E.Yu. Panchenko, N.Yu. Surikov, M.V. Zherdeva, Yu.I. Chumlyakov
{"title":"The influence of the chemical composition on martensitic transformation, microstructure and superelasticity in NiFeGaCo alloys","authors":"E.E. Timofeeva, E.Yu. Panchenko, N.Yu. Surikov, M.V. Zherdeva, Yu.I. Chumlyakov","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical composition influences the microstructure, phase composition, martensitic transformation temperatures, and superelasticity of NiFeGaCo alloys. Ni<sub>47.5</sub>Fe<sub>16</sub>Ga<sub>26.5</sub>Co<sub>10</sub> and Ni<sub>47.5</sub>Fe<sub>15</sub>Ga<sub>27.5</sub>Co<sub>10</sub> alloys exhibited high martensitic transformation temperatures (M<sub>s</sub> > 330 K). A [001]-oriented Ni<sub>47.5</sub>Fe<sub>16</sub>Ga<sub>26.5</sub>Co<sub>10</sub> single crystal contained a large volume fraction of γ-phase (15 %–20 %), which prevents full reversibility, and superelasticity was observed in a narrow temperature range (423–523 K) with a small reversible strain of 1.5 % and wide stress hysteresis (300 MPa). In contrast, the single-phase Ni<sub>47.5</sub>Fe<sub>15</sub>Ga<sub>27.5</sub>Co<sub>10</sub> single crystal demonstrated high-temperature superelasticity over a wide temperature range (from 373 to 573 K and above) with a large reversible strain (up to 5.5 %), low critical stresses (from 37 MPa at 373 K), and a narrow stress hysteresis (from 25 MPa at 373 K).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139609
Yueyue Sun , Jiaming Yang , Zhengrong Liu , Chaofan Yin , Zixuan Xue , Zilin Zhou , Qiankai Zhang , Jiajia Cui , Jun Zhou , Kai Wu
{"title":"Tunable distribution of Fe nanoparticles Exsolution via acid etching on double perovskite oxide anode for solid oxide fuel cells","authors":"Yueyue Sun , Jiaming Yang , Zhengrong Liu , Chaofan Yin , Zixuan Xue , Zilin Zhou , Qiankai Zhang , Jiajia Cui , Jun Zhou , Kai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a promising energy conversion technology with high efficiency and environmental compatibility. Applied as anode materials, perovskite oxides govern the electrochemical performance, with an exsolution strategy for enhancing catalytic activity. In this work, Sr<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>1.5</sub>Mo<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>6-δ</sub> exhibits an A-site deficient surface enriched with Sr and O vacancies via the acid etching method, thereby exposing B-site cations and facilitating the nucleation process during exsolution. The optimized Fe nanoparticles distribution enhances the H<sub>2</sub> adsorption and H<sub>2</sub>O desorption, resulting in a 25 % increase of the peak power density to 1.04 W cm<sup>−2</sup> from 0.83 W cm<sup>−2</sup> at 800 °C. The ingenious design of surface reconstruction demonstrates significant potential in advancing perovskite-based electrocatalysts for SOFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139633
G.D. Avila-Rubio , F.J. Baldenebro-Lopez , C. Carreño-Gallardo , M. Soto-Felix , J.E. Leal-Perez , M.A. Avila-Rubio
{"title":"Solid-state manufacturing and microstructural, microhardness, and wear evaluation of 2024 aluminium matrix composites reinforced with high-entropy alloys particles","authors":"G.D. Avila-Rubio , F.J. Baldenebro-Lopez , C. Carreño-Gallardo , M. Soto-Felix , J.E. Leal-Perez , M.A. Avila-Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, high-entropy alloys AlCoFeMoNiTi and AlCoFeMoNiTiZn were synthesized by mechanical alloying and employed as reinforcements in 2024 aluminium matrix composites produced via uniaxial pressing with electromagnetic induction sintering. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyses revealed reinforcements particles with a near-equiatomic composition, irregular morphology, and rough surfaces. Microstructural analysis showed a homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements and no evidence of interfacial reactions, which suggests that physical bonding is dominant. Incorporating only 3 wt% high-entropy alloys reduced wear volume by more than 50 %, while 5 wt% AlCoFeMoNiTi achieved an 85 % hardness improvement. These results demonstrate that combining high-entropy alloys with rapid solid-state processing is a highly effective strategy for producing lightweight aluminium matrix composites with enhanced mechanical and tribological performance for advanced engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139616
K. Kamalakkannan , R. Rajaraman , K. Sivaji , Mukesh Ranjan
{"title":"Luminescence signature of deep level defects evaluation in N+ implanted semi-insulating 6H- SiC","authors":"K. Kamalakkannan , R. Rajaraman , K. Sivaji , Mukesh Ranjan","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoluminescence spectroscopy investigation was conducted on semi-insulating 6H-Silicon Carbide subjected to nitrogen ion implantation at fluences of 10<sup>15</sup> and 10<sup>16</sup> N<sup>+</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup> with 130 keV energy, followed by annealing at 800 °C to study recrystallization effects. Deformations related to deep levels variation with implantation and defect recovery were investigated from intrinsic luminescence peaks. Annealing triggers asymmetrical to symmetrical sharp luminescence peaks and regaining the active radiative centers at ∼555 nm and ∼561 nm. The perceptible change in quantification of disorder 1<em>-A</em><sub><em>norm</em></sub>, with annealing revealed the partial recovery of the high fluence samples indicating the defects accumulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibitory effect of graphene on tin whisker growth induced by atomized Sn","authors":"Peigen Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Xinxin Xia, Zhenglin Zou, Wei Zheng, ZhengMing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin (Sn) whiskers pose significant reliability risks in electronics, especially with the transition to lead-free solders. Mitigating Sn whisker growth remains a significant challenge. Here, Ti<sub>2</sub>SnC is used as a model to provide atomized Sn, which is the key driver for Sn whisker growth, and graphene is introduced to inhibit Sn whisker growth. Mechanochemical decomposition of Ti<sub>2</sub>SnC via ball milling releases atomized Sn, which is incorporated into a Sn matrix by thermo-compression to assess its effect on whisker formation. Adding graphene to the composite restricts long-range Sn diffusion, significantly reducing whisker length and density. Graphene's two-dimensional structure forms nanoscale diffusion barriers, hindering atomic migration and aggregation. These dispersed graphene nano-walls inhibit whisker growth effectively without damaging the bulk matrix, providing a promising approach to enhance reliability in lead-free solder systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139565
Konstantin V. Kukudzhanov , Elena A. Korznikova , Alexander V. Chentsov , Sergey V. Dmitriev
{"title":"A novel approach to determining the parameters of electric pulse healing of fatigue cracks","authors":"Konstantin V. Kukudzhanov , Elena A. Korznikova , Alexander V. Chentsov , Sergey V. Dmitriev","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An approach to determining effective route of electropulsing treatment (EPT) for crack healing is proposed using single control parameter - the specific energy of the current pulse, rather than several parameters as in the previously used. The developed multi-step route has proven its effectiveness in partial healing of long fatigue crack in a stainless steel ribbon. The suggested route ensures high quality of welding of crack edges and improves mechanical behavior of the healed sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139608
Feng Jin , Junsheng Zhu
{"title":"Novel design of lignite-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon with superior electrochemical performance","authors":"Feng Jin , Junsheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel lignite-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon (LNPC) has been fabricated through an easy pyrolysis method. Due to the preeminent synergistic effect of the porous structure and the nitrogen doping, LNPC has demonstrated superior capacitive behavior. The reversible capacitance of LNPC is 301, 260, 244, 233, 229 and 221 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which is superior to lignite-derived porous carbon (LPC). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrate that nitrogen doping can improve the electron and ion transfer of the electrode. Moreover, the assembled symmetrical super-capacitor delivers a reversible capacitance of 45 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> with the capacitance retention of ∼100 % after 20,000 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemically directed MOF growth in acrylate HIPEs","authors":"B.S. Simpkins , M.E. Tighe , T.G. Novak , D.C. Ratchford , M.D. Thum","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate a new approach to grow MOF crystallites in-place within a porous polymer support, to create a versatile catalytic platform compatible with gas and liquid filtration. Favorable chemical interactions between free carboxylates on the polymer backbone and cationic MOF precursors drive MOF nucleation and growth within this support. The MOFs are shown to be of high crystalline quality, penetrate deeply within the polymer support, and importantly, retain catalytic function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials LettersPub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139598
Filipp S. Volkov, Svetlana N. Eliseeva
{"title":"A novel method for preparing NH4+-PEDOT-co-doped VxOy Nanoneedles as cathode material in zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Filipp S. Volkov, Svetlana N. Eliseeva","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel hydrothermal synthesis method has been developed for preparing an NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-PEDOT-co-doped vanadium oxide (NVOP) cathode for zinc-ion batteries. Structural characterization reveals successful PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) intercalation within V<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> layers, evidenced by an expanded interlayer spacing (10.23 Å, XRD), homogeneous elemental distribution (EDX), and characteristic polymer signatures (FTIR/XPS). The NVOP-based cathode demonstrates excellent specific capacity, outperforming undoped NH<sub>4</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (NVO) by more than twofold across all current densities. Specifically, the NVOP cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 403 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.3 A·g<sup>−1</sup> and exceptional rate capability (246 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 A·g<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, during long-term cycling at 1 A·g<sup>−1</sup>, NVOP maintained a specific capacity of 340 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> by the 100th cycle without degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 139598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}